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Lin Y, Takano Y, Gu Y, Wang Y, Zhou S, Zhang T, Zhu K, Wang J, Zhao B, Chen G, Zhang D, Fu R, Seinfeld J. Characterization of the aerosol vertical distributions and their impacts on warm clouds based on multi-year ARM observations. Sci Total Environ 2023; 904:166582. [PMID: 37634734 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Aerosol vertical distribution plays a crucial role in cloud development and thus precipitation since both aerosol indirect and semi-direct effects significantly depend on the relative position of aerosol layer in reference to cloud, but its precise influence on cloud remains unclear. In this study, we integrated multi-year Raman Lidar measurements of aerosol vertical profiles from the U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) facility with available Value-Added Products of cloud features to characterize aerosol vertical distributions and their impacts on warm clouds over the continental and marine ARM atmospheric observatories, i.e., Southern Great Plains (SGP) and Eastern North Atlantic (ENA). A unimodal seasonal distribution of aerosol optical depths (AODs) with a peak in summer is found at upper boundary layer over SGP, while a bimodal distribution is observed at ENA for the AODs at lower levels with a major winter-spring maximum. The diurnal mean of upper-level AOD at SGP shows a maximum in the early evening. According to the relative positions of aerosol layers to clouds we further identify three primary types of aerosol vertical distribution, including Random, Decreasing, and Bottom. It is found that the impacts of aerosols on cloud may or may not vary with aerosol vertical distribution depending on environmental conditions, as reflected by the wide variations of the relations between AOD and cloud properties. For example, as AOD increases, the liquid water paths (LWPs) tend to be reduced at SGP but enhanced at ENA. The relations of cloud droplet effective radius with AOD largely depend on aerosol vertical distributions, particularly showing positive values in the Random type under low-LWP condition (<50 g m-2). The distinct features of aerosol-cloud interactions in relation to aerosol vertical distribution are likely attributed to the continental-marine contrast in thermodynamic environments and aerosol conditions between SGP and ENA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Lin
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
| | - Yoshihide Takano
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Yu Gu
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Shujun Zhou
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Tianhao Zhang
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Kuilin Zhu
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Jingyu Wang
- National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Bin Zhao
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Damao Zhang
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States
| | - Rong Fu
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - John Seinfeld
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States
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Ritchey Z, Bernard TJ, Fenton LZ, Maloney JA, Mirsky DM, Neuberger I, Sriram I, Seinfeld J, Stence NV. Stroke Recurrence in Children with Vertebral Artery Dissecting Aneurysm. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2022; 43:913-918. [PMID: 35550284 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Pediatric vertebral artery dissecting aneurysm is a subtype of vertebral artery dissection that can be challenging to diagnose and may be associated with stroke recurrence. This study examines the presenting features, clinical outcomes, and recurrence risk in a cohort of children with vertebral artery dissection, comparing those with aneurysms with those without. MATERIALS AND METHODS The medical records of children evaluated for vertebral artery dissection were retrospectively reviewed for neurologic presentation, treatment, stroke recurrence, and angiographic appearance of dissection. Cohort patients were categorized into 2 groups based on the presence or absence of a vertebral artery dissecting aneurysm and compared via the Fisher exact test, Student t test, and log-rank analyses. P < .05 was deemed statistically significant. RESULTS Thirty-two patients met the inclusion criteria, including 13 with vertebral artery dissecting aneurysms. Five cases of vertebral artery dissecting aneurysm were missed on the initial evaluation and diagnosed retrospectively. All patients received antiplatelet or anticoagulation therapy at the time of diagnosis. Children in the vertebral artery dissecting aneurysm group were more likely to present with stroke (P = .059), present at a younger age (P < .001), and have recurrent stroke (P < .001) compared with the group of children with vertebral artery dissection without an aneurysm. After surgery, no patients with vertebral artery dissecting aneurysm experienced recurrent stroke (P = .02). CONCLUSIONS Vertebral artery dissecting aneurysm is often missed on the initial diagnostic evaluation of children presenting with stroke. In children with vertebral artery dissection, the presence of an aneurysm is associated with stroke presentation at a younger age and stroke recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Ritchey
- From the Department of Radiology (Z.R.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - T J Bernard
- Section of Child Neurology (T.J.B), Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado.,Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center (T.J.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - L Z Fenton
- Department of Radiology (L.Z.F., JA.M., D.M.M., I.N., N.V.S.), Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - J A Maloney
- Department of Radiology (L.Z.F., JA.M., D.M.M., I.N., N.V.S.), Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - D M Mirsky
- Department of Radiology (L.Z.F., JA.M., D.M.M., I.N., N.V.S.), Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - I Neuberger
- Department of Radiology (L.Z.F., JA.M., D.M.M., I.N., N.V.S.), Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - I Sriram
- Department of Pediatrics (I.E.), University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - J Seinfeld
- Department of Neurosurgery (J.S.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - N V Stence
- Department of Radiology (L.Z.F., JA.M., D.M.M., I.N., N.V.S.), Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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White A, Roark C, Case D, Kumpe D, Seinfeld J. Factors associated with rerupture of intracranial aneurysms after endovascular treatment: A retrospective review of 11 years experience at a single institution and review of the literature. J Clin Neurosci 2017; 44:53-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2017.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Magnowski A, Johnson D, Seinfeld J, Lind K. Contemporaneous placement of ventriculoperitoneal shunts and gastrostomy tubes: are same-admission procedures safe? J Vasc Interv Radiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2016.12.838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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White A, Roark C, Case D, Kumpe D, Seinfeld J. Delayed hemorrhagic complications following flow diverter placement for aneurysm treatment: A retrospective review of a single-institution experience. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2016.12.1021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Ho J, Seinfeld J, Kumpe D. P-034 Endovascular treatment of dural venous sinus thrombosis. J Neurointerv Surg 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2012-010455b.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Kumpe D, Seinfeld J. E-066 Dural sinus stenting for advanced pseudotumor cerebri with papilledema: patient selection and results. J Neurointerv Surg 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/jnis.2010.003251.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Fehsenfeld FC, Ancellet G, Bates TS, Goldstein AH, Hardesty RM, Honrath R, Law KS, Lewis AC, Leaitch R, McKeen S, Meagher J, Parrish DD, Pszenny AAP, Russell PB, Schlager H, Seinfeld J, Talbot R, Zbinden R. International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation (ICARTT): North America to Europe-Overview of the 2004 summer field study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - G. Ancellet
- Service d'Aéronomie du Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique; Institut Pierre Simon Laplace/Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Paris France
| | - T. S. Bates
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory; NOAA; Seattle Washington USA
| | - A. H. Goldstein
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management; University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | - R. M. Hardesty
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - R. Honrath
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering; Michigan Technological University; Houghton Michigan USA
| | - K. S. Law
- Service d'Aéronomie du Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique; Institut Pierre Simon Laplace/Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Paris France
| | - A. C. Lewis
- Department of Chemistry; University of York; York UK
| | - R. Leaitch
- Science and Technology Branch; Environment Canada; Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - S. McKeen
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. Meagher
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - D. D. Parrish
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - A. A. P. Pszenny
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - P. B. Russell
- NASA Ames Research Center; Moffett Field California USA
| | - H. Schlager
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt; Oberpfaffenhofen, Wessling Germany
| | - J. Seinfeld
- Departments of Environmental Science and Engineering and Chemical Engineering; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - R. Talbot
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - R. Zbinden
- Laboratoire d'Aérologie, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées; UMR 5560, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Paul Sabatier; Toulouse France
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Grupka NL, Seinfeld J, Ryder J, Lillehei KO, Kleinschmidt-Demasters BK. Secondary central nervous system involvement by follicular lymphoma: case report and review of the literature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 65:590-4. [PMID: 16720183 DOI: 10.1016/j.surneu.2005.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2005] [Accepted: 08/26/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We report a patient with indolent stage IV follicular lymphoma, grade 1, initially successfully treated with chemotherapy, who later developed aggressive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in the parieto-occipital lobe 8 years after initial presentation. The differing patterns of lymphomatous involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) are briefly reviewed, with a focus on the patterns seen in secondary CNS spread by low-grade lymphomas. CASE DESCRIPTION A 53-year-old man was diagnosed with stage IV follicular lymphoma, grade 1, in 1996. Although initial chemotherapy was successful, he developed several recurrences of lymphoma over the following years. In May 2004, he presented with a discrete, single, massive parieto-occipital lobe brain lesion. The mass failed to regress with empiric cranial external beam radiotherapy. Because of suspicion of an unusual infection, the lesion was surgically excised in its entirety. The mass proved to be an aggressive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, transformed from his previous follicular cell lymphoma, with retention of strong Bcl-2 and Bcl-6 immunoreactivity. CONCLUSIONS Parenchymal brain involvement, as opposed to dural or leptomeningeal, is a relatively uncommon pattern of spread to the CNS for systemic lymphomas. More significantly, follicular lymphomas are one of the least frequent types of indolent lymphomas to develop clinically apparent, secondary CNS spread. The presentation of an indolent follicular lymphoma with transformation to an aggressive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma within the brain parenchyma is rare. Its manifestation as a massive, singular lesion is unique and prompted diagnostic confusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Grupka
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Denver, CO 80262, USA
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Baum E, Sather H, Nachman J, Seinfeld J, Krivit W, Leikin S, Miller D, Joo P, Hammond D. Relapse rates following cessation of chemotherapy during complete remission of acute lymphocytic leukemia. Med Pediatr Oncol 1979; 7:25-34. [PMID: 118329 DOI: 10.1002/mpo.2950070106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic benefit of maintenance chemotherapy beyond three years for children with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) in continuous complete remission was evaluated by the investigators of Childrens Cancer Study Group (CCSG). Two hundred and twenty leukemic children in first remission for three years or longer and who had received at least three years of continuous chemotherapy were eligible. One hundred and one patients were randomized to either continue chemotherapy for an additional three years or to discontinue therapy, and 119 patients nonrandomly continued or discontinued therapy. The patients had received a variety of chemotherapy regimens. The study period extended from April 1970 until December 1977, with a median follow-up time of 25 months. Relapses occurred in 15 randomized patients (15%). Randomized patients remaining on chemotherapy experienced a statistically significant lower relapse rate than patients randomized to discontinue therapy. Also among randomized patients, bone marrow relapse was significantly more frequent in males than in females. Considering the total patient group, age and white blood count at diagnosis had no significance in predicting relapse. Of relapse events in males, 21% were isolated testicular relapses, identifying the testicles as a major risk site in males completing three years of continuous complete remission. This study demonstrates that continuing chemotherapy beyond three years results in a significant prolongation of remission in males, although the eventual survival outcome for later discontinuance of therapy will require longer follow-up.
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