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Blaszczak J, Wiener S, Plegue M, Shumer D, Shatzer J, Hernandez A. Evaluating the effectiveness of an online curriculum on caring for transgender and nonbinary patients. Med Educ Online 2024; 29:2311481. [PMID: 38320110 PMCID: PMC10848997 DOI: 10.1080/10872981.2024.2311481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES It is well established that provider lack of knowledge in the field of transgender and nonbinary health is as ignificant barrier to care and that training in this area is lacking. This study examined how family medicine residents' self-confidence and medical knowledge in providing gender-affirming care changed after completing a novel, online curriculum on transgender and nonbinary care. METHODS Thirty-nine family medicine residents were invited to complete the curriculum. Change inself-confidence was determined by the difference in scores on a Likert scale on a pre- and post-survey. Change in medical knowledge was assessed by examining the difference between pre- and post-test scores on a novel multiple-choice examination. RESULTS Only 7% of current residents agreed that their current training is adequate in order to provide comprehensive primary care to transgender and nonbinary people. After completion of the curriculum, 100% of participants felt at least somewhat confident providing primary care to transgender and nonbinary people, including hormone therapy. Average medical knowledge post-test scores trended higher than the pre-test results (mean (SD) at pre = 11.2 (1.4) vs post = 14.6 (2.8)). CONCLUSIONS An online, self-directed curriculum on caring for transgender and nonbinary patients in the primary care setting, including management of gender-affirming hormone therapy, has the potential to increase confidence and knowledge in this field, decreasing barriers to care for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Blaszczak
- Department of Family Medicine University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sara Wiener
- Department of Organizational Learning University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Melissa Plegue
- Department of Family Medicine University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dan Shumer
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - John Shatzer
- School of Education Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anita Hernandez
- Department of Family Medicine University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Alroumi F, Dinino E, Tidswell M, Blanchard R, Shatzer J. The Impact of a Web-Based Preintubation Preparation Module on the Knowledge, Confidence, and Behavior of Critical Care Fellows: A Single-Center Pilot Study. J Med Educ Curric Dev 2023; 10:23821205231210066. [PMID: 38025025 PMCID: PMC10654889 DOI: 10.1177/23821205231210066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to standardize airway management among critical care fellows and to evaluate whether the completion of a web-based preintubation airway preparation module improves their knowledge and behaviors in the identification and preparation of difficult airways. METHODS Critical care experts used international guidelines to develop the module, which contained mandatory readings, brief lectures, and a case-based activity. We measured learner satisfaction, improvements in fellows' preintubation preparation knowledge, and safety-oriented behavior. The paired t-test was used to compare knowledge assessment scores and the chi-square test was used to compare the categorical variables in the evaluation of the behavior construct. RESULTS All trainees (N = 14) completed the module and were satisfied with its contents and structure. Fellows logged 114 intubations during the study period. The mean score on the knowledge test increased (pre 79% vs post 90%, P = .02) postmodule and there was a significant increase in documentation of airway risk stratification in fellows' procedure notes (65.9% vs 72.9%, P = .049). All respondents were confident that they would be able to apply what they learned in the module into clinical practice and that their patients would likely benefit from their new knowledge. CONCLUSION The implementation of an asynchronous web-based module on airway assessment and intubation preparation was feasible. The module was engaging, enhanced the knowledge of our trainees, and improved procedural documentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Alroumi
- Department of Medicine, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA, USA
- Chan Medical
School—Baystate, University of Massachusetts, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Ernest Dinino
- Department of Medicine, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA, USA
- Chan Medical
School—Baystate, University of Massachusetts, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Mark Tidswell
- Department of Medicine, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA, USA
- Chan Medical
School—Baystate, University of Massachusetts, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca Blanchard
- Department of Medicine, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA, USA
- Chan Medical
School—Baystate, University of Massachusetts, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - John Shatzer
- School of Education, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Lewis JM, Yared K, Heidel RE, Kirkpatrick B, Freeman MB, Daley BJ, Shatzer J, McCallum RS. Emotional Intelligence and Burnout Related to Resident-Assessed Faculty Teaching Scores. J Surg Educ 2021; 78:e100-e111. [PMID: 34750078 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2021.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Emotional intelligence (EI) is associated with job success in multiple fields, in part, because EI may mitigate stress and burnout. Research suggests these relationships may include teaching. Our purpose is to further explore the relationships between EI, burnout, and teaching for faculty surgeons. DESIGN With IRB approval, surgical faculty were offered the opportunity to complete personal demographics, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the SETQ-SMART assessment of teaching ability, and the SEF:MED self-assessment of emotional intelligence. Surgical residents rated faculty teaching ability using the SETQ-SMART SETTING: A medium-sized academic medical center in the Southeast approved to graduate 6 residents per year. PARTICIPANTS ACGME surgical faculty and general surgical residents PGY1 to PGY5 including preliminary residents, were given the opportunity to participate. RESULTS Faculty self-assessed teaching scores were significantly different from resident scores for nine (60%) faculty; three (33%) overrated their and 6 (67%) under rated their overall teaching ability, relative to resident ratings. The 3 SEF:MED scales correlated low-moderate to strongly with the SETQ-OTS: IS (r = 0.41, p = 0.13), EM (r = 0.67, p < 0.01), and EA (r = 0.43, p = 0.11). Overall, 8(53%) faculty scored moderate to high on at least 1 of the 3 MBI subscales. Overall self-rated faculty teaching scores correlated negatively with higher EE and DP and positively with PA (r = -0.08, -0.21, and 0.52, p = 0.047; respectively). EI negatively correlated with MBI-EE and DP and positively with PA (r = -0.31, -0.18, 0.45, respectively), though due to the small sample none reach statistical significance with alpha set to 0.05. CONCLUSIONS In this pilot study, EI is positively correlated to surgical faculty members' teaching ability. Burnout was less strongly correlated with resident-assessed faculty teaching scores, but with similar trends. Finally, EI was correlated with MBI EE, DP, and PA as expected given the literature in other fields. Expanded study is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Lewis
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee.
| | - Katherine Yared
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Robert E Heidel
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Baileigh Kirkpatrick
- Department of Education Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Michael B Freeman
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Brian J Daley
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - John Shatzer
- Department of Interprofessional Studies, Johns Hopkins School of Education, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - R Steve McCallum
- Department of Education Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
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Fazzio P, Hardy E, Chamberlain M, Genecin I, Weiss A, Posner J, Shatzer J, Shaw K. "What Do You Want to Learn or Work on Today?": Benefits and Barriers to Asking Residents for Self-identified Learning Goals. AEM Educ Train 2021; 5:e10564. [PMID: 34124510 PMCID: PMC8171778 DOI: 10.1002/aet2.10564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the emergency department (ED), residents and attendings may have a short-term relationship, such as a single shift. This poses challenges to learner assessment, instructional strategy selection, and provision of substantive feedback. We implemented a process for residents to identify goals for ED shifts; characterized residents' goals; and determined how goal identification affected learning, teaching, and feedback. METHODS This was an observational study in a large, tertiary pediatric ED using mixed methods. Residents were asked to identify learning goals for each shift and were asked postshift if they had identified, accomplished, and/or received feedback on these goals. Goals were categorized by Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Core Competencies. Predictors of goal identification, accomplishment, and receipt of feedback were determined. Residents and attendings were interviewed about their experiences. RESULTS We collected 306 end-of-shift surveys (74% response rate) and 358 goals and conducted 29 interviews. We found that: 1) Goal setting facilitated perceived learning. Residents identified goals 54% of the time. They accomplished 89% of and received feedback on 76% of goals. 2) Residents' perceived weaknesses, future practice settings, and available patients informed their goals. Most goals mapped to patient care (59%) or medical knowledge (37%) competencies. 3) Goal identification helped attendings determine residents' needs. 4) Ideal goals were specific and achievable. 5) Common barriers were busyness of the ED and difficulty creating goals. Residents were less likely to identify goals (odds ratio [OR] = 0.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.41 to 0.94) and receive feedback on busy evening shifts (OR = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.10 to 0.37) and were most likely to receive feedback overnight (OR = 3.66, 95% CI = 1.87 to 7.14). CONCLUSIONS Asking residents to identify goals for ED shifts as an instructional strategy facilitated perceived learning, goal accomplishment, and receipt of feedback. Resident-driven goal identification is a simple and effective instructional strategy that physicians can incorporate into their precepting in the ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Fazzio
- Division of Emergency MedicineThe Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Emily Hardy
- Division of Emergency MedicineThe Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | | | - Isabel Genecin
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Anna Weiss
- Division of Emergency MedicineThe Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Jill Posner
- Division of Emergency MedicineThe Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - John Shatzer
- Johns Hopkins University, School of EducationBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Kathy Shaw
- Division of Emergency MedicineThe Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
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Mahmoud MA, Mahfoud ZR, Ho MJ, Shatzer J. Faculty perceptions of student plagiarism and interventions to tackle it: a multiphase mixed-methods study in Qatar. BMC Med Educ 2020; 20:315. [PMID: 32958003 PMCID: PMC7504824 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-020-02205-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The widespread use of the internet and other digital resources has contributed to the escalation of plagiarism among medical students and students of other healthcare professions. Concerns were raised by faculty at Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar (WCM-Q), a branch of Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University in New York, who had been observing plagiarism in students' assignments. METHODS To identify the extent of plagiarism practices and their contributing factors, a two-phase mixed-method research study was conducted, comprising a survey administered in 2013, followed by longitudinal interventions, and a second survey in 2017 to measure the impact of the interventions. RESULTS By Phase II, overall observed plagiarism incidents per year decreased from 44 to 28%, and the number of faculty who observed no plagiarism incidents increased significantly from 12 to 37%. The faculty concerned about student plagiarism decreased by 33% [53.1 to 20%] between Phase I and Phase II. CONCLUSION When students are provided with information regarding what constitutes plagiarism and their institution's policy in response to plagiarism incidents, they are less likely to engage in such practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai A. Mahmoud
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1320 York Avenue, HT-621, New York, NY 10021 USA
- Department of Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ziyad R. Mahfoud
- Department of Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Ming-Jung Ho
- Department of Family Medicine, Center for Innovation and Leadership in Education (CENTILE), Georgetown University Medical Center, MedStar Health, Washington, DC 20057 USA
| | - John Shatzer
- Johns Hopkins University School of Education, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA
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Wang PZT, Xie WY, Nair S, Dave S, Shatzer J, Chahine S. A Comparison of Guided Video Reflection versus Self-Regulated Learning to Teach Knot Tying to Medical Students: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. J Surg Educ 2020; 77:805-816. [PMID: 32151512 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2020.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Self-regulated learning has been proposed as a resource saving alternative for learning knot tying. However, this may be hindered by the Dunning-Kruger effect. A potential alternative is guided video reflection. The objectives of this study are to compare the performance and self-assessment abilities amongst medical students learning knot tying using either a traditional self-regulated approach versus guided video reflection. DESIGN This randomized, single-blinded, controlled trial used a pre-post-retention test design. All knot tying performances were video recorded and assessed nonsequentially by blinded evaluators using a modified Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills tool. PARTICIPANTS This study recruited 31 first- and second-year medical students and 6 senior urology residents from Western University in Canada. RESULTS At baseline, the performances of the experts were significantly higher than the experimental groups (F3,85 = 9.080, p < 0.001). After the intervention, there was a significant increase in the performance for both experimental groups compared to the pretest period (p < 0.001). The scores between the experimental groups were not significantly different (p = 0.338). The improved performances of both groups were sustained on retention testing (p < 0.001). The self-assessment abilities were accurate for both experimental groups at baseline. However, at the post-test period the accuracy was poor (interclass correlation 0.361) for the self-regulated group, while remaining moderately (interclass correlation 0.685) accurate for the reflection group. CONCLUSIONS Students using guided video reflection were able to achieve competency and maintained their knot tying skills to the same degree as those who used the self-regulated approach. These results may be due to the positive effects of reflection on self-assessment abilities and subsequent improvement in goal setting for further practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Zhan Tao Wang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Wen Yan Xie
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shiva Nair
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sumit Dave
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Shatzer
- John Hopkins University, School of Education, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Saad Chahine
- Faculty of Education, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Musharaf I, Daspal S, Shatzer J. Is Video Laryngoscopy the Optimal Tool for Successful Intubation in a Neonatal Simulation Setting? A Single-Center Experience. AJP Rep 2020; 10:e5-e10. [PMID: 31993245 PMCID: PMC6984956 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-3400970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endotracheal intubation is a skill required for resuscitation. Due to various reasons, intubation opportunities are decreasing for health care providers. Objective To compare the success rate of video laryngoscopy (VL) and direct laryngoscopy (DL) for interprofessional neonatal intubation skills in a simulated setting. Methods This was a prospective nonrandomized simulation crossover trial. Twenty-six participants were divided into three groups based on their frequency of intubation. Group 1 included pediatric residents; group 2 respiratory therapists and transport nurses; and group 3 neonatal nurse practitioners and physicians working in neonatology. We compared intubation success rate, intubation time, and laryngoscope preference. Results Success rates were 100% for both DL and VL in groups 1 and 2, and 88.9% for DL and 100% for VL in group 3. Median intubation times for DL and VL were 22 seconds (interquartile range [IQR] 14.3-22.8 seconds) and 12.5 seconds (IQR 10.3-38.8 seconds) in group 1 ( p = 0.779); 17 seconds (IQR 8-21 seconds) and 12 seconds (IQR 9-16.5 seconds) in group 2 ( p = 0.476); and 11 seconds (IQR 7.5-15.5 seconds) and 15 seconds (IQR 11.5-36 seconds) in group 3 ( p = 0.024). Conclusion We conclude that novice providers tend to perform better with VL, while more experienced providers perform better with DL. In this era of decreased clinical training opportunities, VL may serve as a useful tool to teach residents and other novice health care providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iram Musharaf
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Sibasis Daspal
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - John Shatzer
- Johns Hopkins University School of Education, Baltimore, Maryland
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Salas RME, Gamaldo AA, Strowd RE, Choi S, Hou LT, Shatzer J, Bischoff K, Gamaldo CE. The PreDoc Program: Pipeline Healthcare Apprenticeship Program through the Lens of a Neurologist. MedEdPublish (2016) 2019; 8:63. [PMID: 38089363 PMCID: PMC10712643 DOI: 10.15694/mep.2019.000063.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Objective: The PreDoc program is a longitudinal apprenticeship aimed at increasing college student interest in pursuing a healthcare career. This program offers the continuity of clinical, research, and educational exposure in academic medicine utilizing a career immersion approach that allows a graduated level of responsibility, experience, and leadership opportunities. Methods: Students get an asynchronous/synchronous curriculum under the direction of academic physicians committed to boosting the pipeline. Training in critical career development skills including "goal setting," professionalism, communication, and time management are provided to Pre-Docs by their senior peers and program leaders. Results: Since the implementation of the PreDoc program in 2013, 28 students have enrolled in the program. Twenty-three students completed the survey; 100% ranked the program quality as good/excellent. Students reported more interest in academic medicine (n=19, 83%), neurology (n=18, 78%), and sleep medicine (n=18, 78%). A majority of the students reported that they were extremely likely to pursue a medical career (n=20, 87%). All students have completed or are in the process of completing at least one scholarly product. Conclusions: The PreDoc program has been successful in promoting college student scholarly productivity in healthcare and in garnering student interest in academic medicine, particularly in neurology.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Gender- and sex-specific medicine is defined as the practice of medicine based on the understanding that biology (dictated by sex chromosomes) and social roles (gender) are important in and have implications for prevention, screening, diagnosis, and treatment in men and women. In light of the many ways that sex and gender influence disease presentation and patient management, there have been various initiatives to improve the integration of these topics into medical education curriculum. Although certain schools may include the topics, their impact on the student body's knowledge has not been as fully studied. By studying the opinions of US allopathic and osteopathic-enrolled students on the extent to which their schools address these topics and their understanding of these topics, this study examined the role of gender specific medicine in the US medical school curriculum. METHODS An email solicitation with link to an anonymous survey was sent to approximately 35,876 student members of five US medical student organizations. The survey instrument consisted of yes/no, multiple choice, and attitude awareness questions. Data was analyzed as a complete data set to evaluate national trends and via subset analysis using chi-square, paired t test, and one-way anova. RESULTS A total of 1097 students responded. The majority of respondents strongly agreed that sex and gender medicine (SGBM) improves patient management (96.0 %) and should be included as a part of the medical school curriculum (94.4 %). Only 2.4 % of participants agreed that SGBM is the same as Women's Health. When asked specifically about inclusion of an identified sex and gender-based medicine curriculum at their institution, students answered not sure at 40.8, 25.1, 19.1, and 20.3 % from first year to fourth year, respectively. Males reported a higher rate of exposure to SGBM content areas (in medical history taking, domestic violence) than women. CONCLUSIONS Medical students recognize the differentiation between SGBM principles and women's health, and understand the translational value of sex and gender-specific principles in the clinical setting. However, current curricular offerings fall short of providing students with adequate coverage of specific evidence-based health differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie R Jenkins
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Laura W. Bush Institute for Women's Health, 1400 Coulter Ave, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Donna Raef
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Laura W. Bush Institute for Women's Health, 1400 Coulter Ave, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE Patient-centeredness has been advocated to reduce racial/ethnic disparities in health care quality, but no empirical data support such a connection. The authors' purpose was to determine whether students with patient-centered attitudes have better performance and are less likely to demonstrate disparities with African American compared with white standardized patients (SPs). METHOD Third-year medical students were assessed by SPs at the Clinical Educational Center of the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in 2002. One African American and one white actor were trained as SPs for each of four case scenarios; students were randomly assigned to interact with either SP for each case. Before the exam, students were surveyed about their attitudes towards patient-centered medicine. Students with and without patient-centered attitudes were compared with regard to their performance with African American and white SPs. Outcome measures were student exam scores in interpersonal skill, history taking, physical exam, and counseling. RESULTS All 177 of eligible students participated in all four case scenarios. With white SPs, students with patient-centered attitudes performed similarly to students without patient-centered attitudes in all four areas. However, with African American SPs, students with patient-centered attitudes performed significantly better than students without patient-centered attitudes in interpersonal skills (71.4 versus 69.4, P = .010), history taking (63.8 versus 61.1, P = .003), and counseling (92.1 versus 88.7, P = .002) and not significantly different in physical exam performance (73.6 versus 68.6, P = .311). CONCLUSIONS Patient-centered attitudes may be more important in improving physician behaviors with African American patients than with white patients and may, therefore, play a role in reducing disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Catherine Beach
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA.
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Abstract
Tests of clinical competence, which allow decisions to be made about medical qualification and fitness to practise, must be designed with respect to key issues including blueprinting, validity, reliability, and standard setting, as well as clarity about their formative or summative function. Multiple choice questions, essays, and oral examinations could be used to test factual recall and applied knowledge, but more sophisticated methods are needed to assess clincial performance, including directly observed long and short cases, objective structured clinical examinations, and the use of standardised patients. The goal of assessment in medical education remains the development of reliable measurements of student performance which, as well as having predictive value for subsequent clinical competence, also have a formative, educational role.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Wass
- Department of General Practice and Primary Care, Guy's, King's and St Thomas' School of Medicine, Weston Education Centre, London, UK.
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Shatzer J. The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. Acad Med 2000; 75:S143-S144. [PMID: 10995662 DOI: 10.1097/00001888-200009001-00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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