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Do JE, Goh SK, Saxon S, Thomson JE. Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour resection in circumportal pancreas: a rare anatomical anomaly with important surgical implications. BMJ Case Rep 2024; 17:e257013. [PMID: 38508604 PMCID: PMC10952872 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2023-257013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Various congenital anomalies of the pancreas have been reported due to its complex embryological development involving the fusion of two separate buds. Circumportal pancreas is a rare anatomical anomaly where the pancreatic head and uncinate process fuse abnormally with the pancreatic body, encasing the portal vein and/or superior mesenteric vein completely. This anomaly poses several challenges to hepatobiliary surgeons, as the encasement of the portal vein by the abnormal pancreatic tissue makes an additional parenchymal transection necessary. Vascular variants have also been reported with circumportal pancreas, which, if not recognised preoperatively, can be catastrophic. Therefore, careful preoperative evaluation and planning are essential, to ensure safe pancreatic resection and recovery in a patient with circumportal pancreas. We present a case of a successful subtotal pancreatectomy and splenectomy in a patient with circumportal pancreas, for a suspected pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma. The aim of this case report is to contribute valuable insights that can aid hepatobiliary surgeons in enhancing their preoperative planning when encountered with patients with similar anatomical variances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Eun Do
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Su Kah Goh
- Department of Surgery (The University of Melbourne), Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah Saxon
- SA Pathology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - John-Edwin Thomson
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Sousa Da Silva RX, Breuer E, Shankar S, Kawakatsu S, Hołówko W, Santos Coelho J, Jeddou H, Sugiura T, Ghallab M, Da Silva D, Watanabe G, Botea F, Sakai N, Addeo P, Tzedakis S, Bartsch F, Balcer K, Lim C, Werey F, Lopez-Lopez V, Peralta Montero L, Sanchez Claria R, Leiting J, Vachharajani N, Hopping E, Torres OJM, Hirano S, Andel D, Hagendoorn J, Psica A, Ravaioli M, Ahn KS, Reese T, Montes LA, Gunasekaran G, Alcázar C, Lim JH, Haroon M, Lu Q, Castaldi A, Orimo T, Moeckli B, Abadía T, Ruffolo L, Dib Hasan J, Ratti F, Kauffmann EF, de Wilde RF, Polak WG, Boggi U, Aldrighetti L, McCormack L, Hernandez-Alejandro R, Serrablo A, Toso C, Taketomi A, Gugenheim J, Dong J, Hanif F, Park JS, Ramia JM, Schwartz M, Ramisch D, De Oliveira ML, Oldhafer KJ, Kang KJ, Cescon M, Lodge P, Rinkes IHMB, Noji T, Thomson JE, Goh SK, Chapman WC, Cleary SP, Pekolj J, Regimbeau JM, Scatton O, Truant S, Lang H, Fuks D, Bachellier P, Ohtsuka M, Popescu I, Hasegawa K, Lesurtel M, Adam R, Cherqui D, Uesaka K, Boudjema K, Pinto-Marques H, Grąt M, Petrowsky H, Ebata T, Prachalias A, Robles-Campos R, Clavien PA. Novel Benchmark Values for Open Major Anatomic Liver Resection in Non-cirrhotic Patients: A Multicentric Study of 44 International Expert Centers. Ann Surg 2023; 278:748-755. [PMID: 37465950 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000006012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims at establishing benchmark values for best achievable outcomes following open major anatomic hepatectomy for liver tumors of all dignities. BACKGROUND Outcomes after open major hepatectomies vary widely lacking reference values for comparisons among centers, indications, types of resections, and minimally invasive procedures. METHODS A standard benchmark methodology was used covering consecutive patients, who underwent open major anatomic hepatectomy from 44 high-volume liver centers from 5 continents over a 5-year period (2016-2020). Benchmark cases were low-risk non-cirrhotic patients without significant comorbidities treated in high-volume centers (≥30 major liver resections/year). Benchmark values were set at the 75th percentile of median values of all centers. Minimum follow-up period was 1 year in each patient. RESULTS Of 8044 patients, 2908 (36%) qualified as benchmark (low-risk) cases. Benchmark cutoffs for all indications include R0 resection ≥78%; liver failure (grade B/C) ≤10%; bile leak (grade B/C) ≤18%; complications ≥grade 3 and CCI ® ≤46% and ≤9 at 3 months, respectively. Benchmark values differed significantly between malignant and benign conditions so that reference values must be adjusted accordingly. Extended right hepatectomy (H1, 4-8 or H4-8) disclosed a higher cutoff for liver failure, while extended left (H1-5,8 or H2-5,8) were associated with higher cutoffs for bile leaks, but had superior oncologic outcomes, when compared to formal left hepatectomy (H1-4 or H2-4). The minimal follow-up for a conclusive outcome evaluation following open anatomic major resection must be 3 months. CONCLUSION These new benchmark cutoffs for open major hepatectomy provide a powerful tool to convincingly evaluate other approaches including parenchymal-sparing procedures, laparoscopic/robotic approaches, and alternative treatments, such as ablation therapy, irradiation, or novel chemotherapy regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard X Sousa Da Silva
- Swiss HPB and Transplant Center Zurich, Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eva Breuer
- Swiss HPB and Transplant Center Zurich, Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sadhana Shankar
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Shoji Kawakatsu
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Wacław Hołówko
- Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - João Santos Coelho
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplantation Centre, Curry Cabral Hospital, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Heithem Jeddou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Digestive Surgery, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Teiichi Sugiura
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Mohammed Ghallab
- Paul Brousse Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Doris Da Silva
- Department of HPB Surgery and Liver Transplantation, AP-HP Beaujon Hospital, University of Paris Cité, Clichy, France
| | - Genki Watanabe
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Florin Botea
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Nozomu Sakai
- Department of General Surgery, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Pietro Addeo
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Hospital, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - Stylianos Tzedakis
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Digestive and Endocrine Surgery, Cochin Hospital, Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Fabian Bartsch
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kaja Balcer
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Transplantation, CHU Lille, University Lille, Lille, France
| | - Chetana Lim
- Department of Digestive, Hepato-Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation, AP-HP Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Centre de Recherche de Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Fabien Werey
- Department of Oncology and Digestive Surgery, CHU Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Victor Lopez-Lopez
- Clinic and University Virgen de la Arrixaca Hospital, IMIB, Murcia, Spain
| | - Luciana Peralta Montero
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery Section and Liver Transplant Unit, General Surgery Department, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo Sanchez Claria
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery Section and Liver Transplant Unit, General Surgery Department, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jennifer Leiting
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Neeta Vachharajani
- Department of Surgery, Section of Abdominal Organ Transplant, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Eve Hopping
- Hepatobiliary Unit, Department of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide & Hepatobiliary Unit, Department of Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Orlando J M Torres
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hepatopancreatobiliary Unit, Presidente Dutra Hospital, São Luiz, Brazil
| | - Satoshi Hirano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Daan Andel
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht Cancer Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Hagendoorn
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht Cancer Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alicja Psica
- Department of Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Matteo Ravaioli
- Hepato-biliary surgery and Transplant Unit, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Keun Soon Ahn
- Division of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Dongsan Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Tim Reese
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Asklepios Hospital Barmbek, Semmelweis University of Medicine, Asklepios Campus Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leonardo A Montes
- General Surgery Department Liver, Pancreas and Intestinal Transplant Unit, Favaloro Foundation University Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ganesh Gunasekaran
- Department of Surgery, Division of HPB Service, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Cándido Alcázar
- Department of Surgery, HPB and Transplant Unit, General Universitary Hospital Alicante and Health and Biomedical Research Institute of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Jin Hong Lim
- Department of Surgery, Division of HBP Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Muhammad Haroon
- Department of HPB and Liver Transplant, Bahria International Hospital Orchard, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Qian Lu
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Antonio Castaldi
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Liver Transplant Unit, University Côte d'Azur, CHU de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Tatsuya Orimo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Beat Moeckli
- Division of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Teresa Abadía
- HPB Surgical Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luis Ruffolo
- Department of HPB and Transplant Surgery, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | - Josefina Dib Hasan
- Transplant Unit, Hospital Aleman de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francesca Ratti
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Roeland F de Wilde
- Department of Surgery, Division of HPB and Transplant Surgery, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wojciech G Polak
- Department of Surgery, Division of HPB and Transplant Surgery, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ugo Boggi
- Division of General and Transplant Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Aldrighetti
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucas McCormack
- Transplant Unit, Hospital Aleman de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Alejandro Serrablo
- HPB Surgical Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Christian Toso
- Division of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Akinobu Taketomi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Jean Gugenheim
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Liver Transplant Unit, University Côte d'Azur, CHU de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Jiahong Dong
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Faisal Hanif
- Department of HPB and Liver Transplant, Bahria International Hospital Orchard, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Joon Seong Park
- Department of Surgery, Division of HBP Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - José M Ramia
- Department of Surgery, HPB and Transplant Unit, General Universitary Hospital Alicante and Health and Biomedical Research Institute of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Myron Schwartz
- Department of Surgery, Division of HPB Service, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Diego Ramisch
- General Surgery Department Liver, Pancreas and Intestinal Transplant Unit, Favaloro Foundation University Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Michelle L De Oliveira
- Swiss HPB and Transplant Center Zurich, Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karl J Oldhafer
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Asklepios Hospital Barmbek, Semmelweis University of Medicine, Asklepios Campus Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Koo Jeong Kang
- Division of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Dongsan Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Matteo Cescon
- Hepato-biliary surgery and Transplant Unit, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Peter Lodge
- Department of Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Inne H M Borel Rinkes
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht Cancer Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Takehiro Noji
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - John-Edwin Thomson
- Hepatobiliary Unit, Department of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide & Hepatobiliary Unit, Department of Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Su Kah Goh
- Hepatobiliary Unit, Department of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide & Hepatobiliary Unit, Department of Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
| | - William C Chapman
- Department of Surgery, Section of Abdominal Organ Transplant, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Sean P Cleary
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Juan Pekolj
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery Section and Liver Transplant Unit, General Surgery Department, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jean-Marc Regimbeau
- Department of Oncology and Digestive Surgery, CHU Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Olivier Scatton
- Department of Digestive, Hepato-Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation, AP-HP Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Centre de Recherche de Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Truant
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Transplantation, CHU Lille, University Lille, Lille, France
| | - Hauke Lang
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - David Fuks
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Digestive and Endocrine Surgery, Cochin Hospital, Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Bachellier
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Hospital, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - Masayuki Ohtsuka
- Department of General Surgery, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Irinel Popescu
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Kiyoshi Hasegawa
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mickaël Lesurtel
- Department of HPB Surgery and Liver Transplantation, AP-HP Beaujon Hospital, University of Paris Cité, Clichy, France
| | - René Adam
- Paul Brousse Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Daniel Cherqui
- Paul Brousse Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Katsuhiko Uesaka
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Karim Boudjema
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Digestive Surgery, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Hugo Pinto-Marques
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplantation Centre, Curry Cabral Hospital, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Michał Grąt
- Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Henrik Petrowsky
- Swiss HPB and Transplant Center Zurich, Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tomoki Ebata
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Andreas Prachalias
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Pierre-Alain Clavien
- Swiss HPB and Transplant Center Zurich, Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Yin Y, Goh SK, Mohd Rosli R, Thomson JE, Tan CP. Migrated Laparoscopic Surgical Clips Causing Acute Cholangitis 32 Years After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. Cureus 2023; 15:e47415. [PMID: 38021714 PMCID: PMC10658215 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Surgical clip migration post-laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a rare but important complication to consider in patients presenting with biliary obstruction. Titanium surgical clips are widely used in laparoscopic surgery to ligate vessels and ducts and are particularly important in laparoscopic cholecystectomy to ligate the cystic duct. More common complications associated with clips involve dislodgement, however, there are reported cases of migration into visceral structures causing an obstruction. We describe a case that demonstrated an acute migration of surgical clips into the common bile duct (CBD) within a three-week period, which occurred 32 years after laparoscopic cholecystectomy, likely attributed to erosion. On the patient's first presentation, she had acute pancreatitis with a CT demonstrating clips in the correct position. Three weeks later, the patient presented a second time with acute cholangitis and the repeat CT demonstrated the clips in the CBD. We hypothesize that the erosion of the bile duct is due to the pressure effects from either intra-abdominal organ movements or subtle clip movements, and eventually, persistent erosion leading to intra-ductal migration of the clips with the passage of the clips along the path of least resistance into the CBD, resulting in biliary obstruction. Management included standard treatment for biliary obstruction with intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotics and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with excellent outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Yin
- Hepatopancreaticobiliary Surgery Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, AUS
| | - Su Kah Goh
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health, Melbourne, AUS
| | - Reizal Mohd Rosli
- Hepatopancreaticobiliary Surgery Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, AUS
| | - John-Edwin Thomson
- Hepatopancreaticobiliary Surgery Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, AUS
| | - Chuan Ping Tan
- Hepatopancreaticobiliary Surgery Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, AUS
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Barbaro A, Thomson JE, Mohd Rosli R, Farfus A, Neo EL. A rare cause of upper gastrointestinal bleed. ANZ J Surg 2022; 93:1097-1098. [PMID: 36264008 DOI: 10.1111/ans.18130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Barbaro
- Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgical Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - John-Edwin Thomson
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgical Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Reizal Mohd Rosli
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgical Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Anthony Farfus
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgical Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Eu Ling Neo
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgical Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Abstract
The management of infected pancreatic necrosis has historically been based on early, open necrosectomy, associated with significant mortality. In recent years, an evidence based transformation has occurred towards the step-up approach consisting of percutaneous catheter drainage, if necessary, followed by minimally invasive necrosectomy. More recently the endoscopic step-up approach has gained popularity. This review evaluates the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of infected necrotizing pancreatitis. Key points in managing infected pancreatic necrosis: - multidisciplinary team approach in tertiary level centres; - no indication for prophylactic antibiotics or probiotics; - nasogastric, enteral nutrition indicated after 72 hours, if oral feeding is insufficient; - only intervene in infected necrosis; - delay intervention until "walled-off necrosis"; - step-up approach of percutaneous or endoscopic catheter drainage, followed by minimally invasive necrosectomy, if required; - endoscopic strategies are preferable where possible.
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Gould SA, Li QY, González-Vega JC, Thomson JE, Htoo JK, Patience JF. 358 The Evaluation of the Bioavailability of L-Lysine Sulfate Relative to L-Lysine HCl for Growing-Finishing Pigs. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky073.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S A Gould
- Dept. of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Q Y Li
- Dept. of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | | | | | - J K Htoo
- Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH, Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany
| | - J F Patience
- Dept. of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
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Thomson JE, Brand M, Fonteh P. The immune imbalance in the second hit of pancreatitis is independent of IL-17A. Pancreatology 2018; 18:246-252. [PMID: 29422392 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is characterised by two distinct clinical phases. Organ dysfunction and death is initially as a result of a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Systemic sepsis from infected pancreatic necrosis characterises the second phase, the so called 'second hit' of acute pancreatitis (AP). An immune imbalance during the second hit is postulated to contribute to the formation of the septic complications that occur in these patients. The pro-inflammatory T-helper (Th) 17 pathway has been shown to be an initiator of early SIRS in AP, however to date its role has not been established in the second hit in AP. METHODS Thirty-six patients with mild (n = 16), moderate (n = 10) and severe (n = 10) acute pancreatitis were enrolled. Peripheral blood samples were drawn on days 7, 9, 11 and 13 of illness for analysis of routine clinical markers as well as cytokine analysis. Flow cytometry and a IL-17A ELISA was performed to determine cytokine concentrations. RESULTS There were no significant differences between days 7, 9, 11 and 13 for either the mild/moderate or SAP groups for IL-17A (CBA assay or ELISA), IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2 or IL-4. For each of the study days, the mean IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations were significantly higher in the SAP group compared to the mild/moderate group. WCC, CRP and PCT were all significantly higher in severe acute pancreatitis over the study days. CONCLUSIONS An immune imbalance exists in patients with SAP, however secreted IL-17A is not responsible for the second hit in AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- John-Edwin Thomson
- Department of Surgery, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Martin Brand
- Department of Surgery, Steve Biko Academic Hospital and University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Pascaline Fonteh
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K McAlpine
- Department of Medicine, Inverclyde Royal Hospital, Greenock, Strathclyde
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9
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Mathai JK, Htoo JK, Thomson JE, Touchette KJ, Stein HH. Effects of dietary fiber on the ideal standardized ileal digestible threonine:lysine ratio for twenty-five to fifty kilogram growing gilts. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:4217-4230. [PMID: 27898878 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016-0680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Four experiments were conducted to determine effects of fiber on the ideal Thr:Lys ratio for 25- to 50-kg gilts. In Exp. 1, the objective was to determine the requirement for standardized ileal digestible Lys for gilts from 25 to 50 kg BW. Seventy gilts (24.54 ± 3.28 kg BW) were used in a growth assay with 2 pigs per pen, 5 diets, and 7 replicate pens per diet. The 5 diets were based on corn and soybean meal and contained between 0.80 and 1.32% SID Lys. Results indicated that 1.09% SID Lys was needed to optimize ADG and G:F. In Exp. 2, the objective was to determine the standardized ileal digestibility of AA in corn, soybean meal, field peas, fish meal, and soybean hulls. Six ileal-cannulated gilts (26.5 ± 0.74 kg BW) were allotted to a 6 × 6 Latin square design with 6 diets and 6 periods. Values for standardized ileal digestibility of AA were calculated for all ingredients. In Exp. 3, the objective was to determine the effect of fiber on the ideal SID Thr:Lys ratio for gilts from 25 to 50 kg BW. A total of 192 gilts (26.29 ± 4.64 kg BW) were used in a growth assay with 2 pigs per pen and 8 replicate pens per treatment. Six low-fiber diets and 6 high-fiber diets were formulated using the same batches of ingredients as in Exp. 2. Within each level of fiber, diets with SID Thr:Lys ratios ranging from 45:100 to 90:100 were formulated using the SID values calculated in Exp. 2. In both types of diets, ADG and G:F linearly and quadratically ( < 0.05) increased as the Thr:Lys ratio increased. Regression analysis estimated the ideal SID Thr:Lys ratio at 0.66 and 0.63 for ADG and G:F, respectively, for pigs fed low-fiber diets and at 0.71 and 0.63, respectively, for pigs fed high-fiber diets. In Exp. 4, the objective was to determine the N balance in pigs fed low-fiber or high-fiber diets that were formulated to have SID Thr:Lys ratios of 45:100 or 60:100. The 4 diets were formulated using the same batches of ingredients as in Exp. 2, and the SID values determined in Exp. 2 were used in diet formulations. Thirty-six gilts (29.0 ± 0.74 kg BW) were individually housed in metabolism crates with 9 replicate pigs per diet. Retention of N (% of intake) was greater (P < 0.05) for pigs fed the low-fiber diets compared with pigs fed the high-fiber diets regardless of the Thr:Lys ratio. Results of these experiments indicate that increased fiber levels in diets fed to growing gilts increase the requirement for Thr and that diets with higher fiber levels should be formulated to a greater SID Thr:Lys ratio.
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Thomson JE, Kruger D, Jann-Kruger C, Kiss A, Omoshoro-Jones JAO, Luvhengo T, Brand M. Laparoscopic versus open surgery for complicated appendicitis: a randomized controlled trial to prove safety. Surg Endosc 2014; 29:2027-32. [PMID: 25318368 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-014-3906-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, no randomized control trial has been performed comparing open appendectomy (OA) to laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) in complicated appendicitis. A systematic review and meta-analysis in 2010 concluded LA is advantageous to OA with less surgical site sepsis in complicated appendicitis; however, the level of evidence is weak (level 3a). The aim of the study was to determine whether LA is safe in the treatment of complicated appendicitis. Primary outcome included all-cause mortality and procedure-related mortality; secondary outcomes included intra-operative duration, rates of wound sepsis and re-intervention, length of hospital stay and re-admission rates. METHODS One hundred and fourteen patients were randomized prospectively to either OA or LA using a computer-generated blind method. Patients who were either less than 12 years of age, had previous abdominal surgery or were pregnant were excluded. A team of senior surgeons capable of doing both OA and LA performed all procedures. RESULTS The intra-operative duration, the rate of wound sepsis, the number of re-operations, the length of hospital stay and the rate of re-admissions between the OA and LA groups did not differ statistically. CONCLUSION Laparoscopic appendectomy is safe in complicated appendicitis. Current Control Trials (ISRCTN92257749).
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Affiliation(s)
- John-Edwin Thomson
- Department of Surgery, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Old Potch Road, Moreleta Park, Soweto, Johannesburg, 2013, South Africa,
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11
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Thomson JE. The Greenock medical martyrs of 1864-65. J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2009; 39:173-178. [PMID: 19847979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In the nineteenth century it was not uncommon for doctors to die from infectious diseases, but the death of five young physicians in Greenock--one third of the medical profession in a medium-sized Scottish town--from epidemic typhus, during four consecutive months in 1864-65, was an unusual event. This paper describes the lives and backgrounds of these five doctors, whose deaths in the line of duty earned them the description 'medical martyrs'.
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Thomson JE. The place of spiritual well-being in hospice patients' overall quality of life. Hosp J 2001; 15:13-27. [PMID: 11271157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing awareness of, and interest in the relationship between spirituality and health. This research examines spiritual well-being as one of six components of hospice patients' overall quality of life. Patients admitted over a four-month period were surveyed, using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy scale (FACT-G), at admission, one month later, three months later, and six months later. Data showed spiritual well-being to be an important contributor to overall quality of life. The article concludes by advocating that providing spiritual care to hospice patients makes good business sense.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Thomson
- Merrimack Valley Hospice, Two Dundee Park, Andover, MA 01810, USA
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13
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Aviv JE, Kaplan ST, Thomson JE, Spitzer J, Diamond B, Close LG. The safety of flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing with sensory testing (FEESST): an analysis of 500 consecutive evaluations. Dysphagia 2000; 15:39-44. [PMID: 10594257 DOI: 10.1007/s004559910008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the safety of a new office or bedside method of evaluating both the motor and sensory components of swallowing called flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing with sensory testing (FEESST). FEESST combines the established endoscopic evaluation of swallowing with a technique that determines laryngopharyngeal sensory discrimination thresholds by endoscopically delivering air-pulse stimuli to the mucosa innervated by the superior laryngeal nerve. Endoscopic assessment of laryngopharyngeal sensory capacity followed by endoscopic visualization of deglutition was prospectively performed 500 times in 253 patients with dysphagia over a 2.5-year period in a tertiary care center. The patients had a variety of underlying diagnoses, with stroke and chronic neurological disease predominating (n = 155). To determine the safety of FEESST, the presence of epistaxis, airway compromise, and significant changes in heart rate before and after the evaluation were assessed. Patients were also asked to rate the level of discomfort of the examination; 498 evaluations were completed. There were three instances of epistaxis that were self-limited. There were no cases of airway compromise. There were no significant differences in heart rate between pre- and posttest measurements (p > 0.05). Eighty-one percent of patients noted either no discomfort or mild discomfort as a result of the examination. In conclusion, FEESST is a safe method of evaluating dysphagia in the tertiary care setting and may also have application for the chronic care setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Aviv
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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14
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Aviv JE, Martin JH, Kim T, Sacco RL, Thomson JE, Diamond B, Close LG. Laryngopharyngeal sensory discrimination testing and the laryngeal adductor reflex. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1999; 108:725-30. [PMID: 10453777 DOI: 10.1177/000348949910800802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Laryngopharyngeal sensory capacity has been determined by endoscopically administering air pulse stimuli to the mucosa innervated by the superior laryngeal nerve and asking the patient if he or she feels the stimulus. A potential shortcoming of this psychophysical testing (PT) procedure is that it is a subjective test, and patients with impaired cognition may not be able to perform the required task. In the search for an objective measure of laryngeal sensory function, we have observed that the laryngeal adductor reflex (LAR) is evoked at stimulus intensities similar to those capable of eliciting the psychophysical, or perceptual, response. The purpose of this study is to determine if the threshold for eliciting the LAR is the same as that of the sensory threshold. A specially designed endoscope was used to present air pulse stimuli (range 0.0 to 10 mm Hg) to the laryngopharynx in 20 healthy subjects and in 80 patients with dysphagia, using both PT and the LAR. The patients had a variety of underlying diagnoses, with stroke and chronic neurologic disease predominating (n = 65). In the control group and in the group of patients with dysphagia, there was no statistically significant difference between the median laryngopharyngeal sensory thresholds whether we used PT or the LAR (p>.05, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). The intraclass correlation for the total sample was .999 (U = .999, L = .998). Since psychophysical and sensorimotor reflex thresholds were not statistically significantly different and the intraclass correlation was close to a perfect correlation, we conclude that the LAR can be used as an objective and accurate clinical method of endoscopically assessing laryngopharyngeal sensory capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Aviv
- Department of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery, The New York Presbyterian Hospital, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
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15
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Abstract
Claims that hospices provide a challenging setting for pastoral counselors but one in which they do not appear to be practicing. Offers some personal experiences of working in a hospice and urges counselors to become more involved in this form of specialized ministry.
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Thomson JE. A twist on Tarasoff: is there a duty to warn one's client? J Pastoral Care 1999; 49:96-100. [PMID: 10141645 DOI: 10.1177/002234099504900112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Describes a famous legal case in which the court's decision obligates a therapist to protect potential victims from harm that may be done to them by the therapist's client and relates it to the issue of confidentiality as frequently understood by pastoral counseling specialists.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Thomson
- Merrimack Valley Hospice, Andover, MA 01810, USA
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17
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Aviv JE, Kim T, Thomson JE, Sunshine S, Kaplan S, Close LG. Fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing with sensory testing (FEESST) in healthy controls. Dysphagia 1998; 13:87-92. [PMID: 9513302 DOI: 10.1007/pl00009561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to introduce a new method of bedside assessment of both the motor and sensory components of swallowing called fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing with sensory testing (FEESST). This approach combines the established bedside endoscopic swallowing evaluation with a more recently described technique that allows objective determination of laryngopharyngeal (LP) sensory discrimination thresholds by delivering air pulse stimuli to the mucosa innervated by the superior laryngeal nerve via a flexible endoscope. A prospective study was conducted of FEESST in 20 healthy control subjects, mean age of 34 +/- 11 years. LP sensory thresholds were defined as either normal (< 4.0 mmHg air pulse pressure [APP]), moderate deficit (4.0-6.0 mmHg APP), or severe deficits (> 6.0 mmHg APP). Subsequent to LP sensory testing, food of varying consistencies, mixed with green food coloring, was given and attention was paid to spillage, laryngeal penetration, pharyngeal residue, aspiration, and reflux. Therapeutic maneuvers such as postural changes and airway protection techniques were performed on each subject to determine if the assessed swallowing parameters were affected by maneuvers. All patients completed the study; all had normal LP sensory discrimination thresholds (2.9 +/- 0.7 mmHg APP). There were no instances of spillage, laryngeal penetration, or aspiration. Two of 20 subjects had pharyngeal residue and 2 of 20 had reflux. Institution of therapeutic maneuvers resulted in a predictable change in the endoscopic view of the laryngopharyngeal anatomy. FEESST provides comprehensive, objective sensory and motor information about deglutition in the bedside setting and might have implications for the bedside diagnosis and management of patients with dysphagia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Aviv
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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18
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To demonstrate that sensory nerve transposition may be used to reestablish sensation of the laryngopharynx after central nervous system injury and vagal deficit. DESIGN Prospective preliminary report of 2 patients following brain-stem stroke with aspiration pneumonia confirmed on chest radiography, severe dysphagia and inability to tolerate oral alimentation, and modified barium swallow that demonstrated cricopharyngeal spasm and impaired laryngeal elevation. Both patients also had severe, bilateral laryngopharyngeal sensory deficits as determined by delivery of air pulse stimuli to the mucosa innervated by the superior laryngeal nerve via a fiberoptic telescope. Each patient underwent surgery as part of management of dysphagia after failure of aggressive nonsurgical treatment. INTERVENTION During a cricopharyngeal myotomy and laryngeal suspension, a unilateral microneurorrhaphy between the greater auricular nerve and the superior laryngeal nerve was performed. OUTCOME MEASURES Ability to tolerate oral diet without development of aspiration pneumonia and postoperative laryngopharyngeal sensory capacity. RESULTS By 12 months after surgery, both patients had ipsilateral restoration of laryngopharyngeal sensation, with no further episodes of aspiration pneumonia. CONCLUSIONS In select cases of severe dysphagia after central nervous system injury, sensory nerve transposition may be a useful adjunct to the surgical rehabilitation of the patient with dysphagia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Aviv
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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19
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Abstract
Energy and nitrogen balances of mice receiving a dried skim milk-based control diet were compared to a similar group of mice receiving a diet containing 8% spray-dried plasma protein (SDPP). Mice were housed in pairs in metabolism cages with feed and water available for ad libitum intake. Five cages were assigned to each diet for a 21-d feeding period. Mice fed SDPP gained more weight (P < .01), consumed more feed (P < .01), and had higher gain: feed ratios (G:F) (P < .01) than mice fed the control diet during wk 1. No significant differences in growth, feed intake, or G:F were detected during wk 2. During wk 3, mice receiving the control diet tended to gain more (P < .10) and had a higher G:F (P < .01). Nitrogen intake and retention were greater for mice fed SDPP (P < .02). Energy intake was greater for mice fed SDPP (P < .01); however, energy retention was not different between treatment groups due to greater (P < .01) metabolic energy losses (urinary energy+heat production). Empty gut weight was greater for control mice on an absolute basis (P < .05) and when expressed as a percentage of BW (P < .02). Liver weights of mice fed SDPP were greater on an absolute basis (P < .02) and as a percentage of BW (P < .01). Feed intake, growth rate, and G:F were increased by dietary addition of SDPP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Thomson
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-7621, USA
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20
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Abstract
One hundred eight mice were weaned at 21 +/- 1 d and allotted to four dietary treatments: 1) control, 2) control + 4% spray-dried porcine plasma protein (SDPP), 3) control + 8% SDPP, and 4) control + 12% SDPP. Daily gain for males increased with increasing SDPP during wk 1 (P < .01), wk 2 (P < .01), and for the entire 3 wk (P < .01). Daily gain increased quadratically with increasing SDPP for females during wk 1 (P < .05). During the 3rd wk, ADG decreased for females with increasing SDPP (P < .05). Daily feed intake increased linearly (P < .01) with increasing SDPP in all periods. Gain-to-feed ratio (G/F) increased with increasing SDPP during wk 1 (P < .01) and for the first 2 wk (P < .05). During wk 3, G/F decreased with increasing SDPP level (P < .01). Gain-to-feed ratio of females responded quadratically to increasing SDPP during wk 1 (P < .05), whereas G/F of males increased linearly with increasing SDPP level. Gain-to-feed ratio for the entire trial was unaffected by treatment among females (P = .82) but increased linearly with increasing SDPP levels among males (P < .01). Liver weight increased quadratically with increasing SDPP levels for males (P < .05) and females (P < .05). Treatment effect on liver weight per kilogram BW.75 approached significance (P < .10) in females. Male liver weight/100 g BW and liver weight per kilogram BW.75 responded quadratically to increasing SDPP levels (P < .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Thomson
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-7621
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21
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Thomson JE, Olash J. Antitachycardia pacing with cardioverter-defibrillator backup for malignant ventricular dysrhythmias. J Cardiovasc Nurs 1990; 4:33-43. [PMID: 2099749 DOI: 10.1097/00005082-199002000-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This article provides a summary of the history of antitachydysrhythmic devices and their current application in patients with ventricular dysrhythmias. Future trends are also discussed, followed by a case study illustrating the nursing care required for a patient with a combination antitachycardia pacemaker and automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for slow ventricular tachycardia. The basic principles provided can be incorporated into the teaching plans of patients with antidysrhythmic devices for malignant ventricular dysrhythmias.
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Abstract
We describe a 47 year old woman with a 30-year history of generalized myasthenia gravis whose condition had been stable and well controlled on a combination of pyridostigmine and ephedrine until she presented. At this time she gave a 2 month history of weakness, nausea, vomiting and more recently intermittent confusion. Investigations confirmed both primary hypothyroidism and primary adrenal failure (Schmidt syndrome). The autoimmune aetiology of these three conditions was confirmed by positive acetylcholine receptor, adrenal and thyroid microsomal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K McAlpine
- Department of Medicine, Inverclyde Royal Hospital, Greenock, UK
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Abstract
It was determined that the presence of furazolidone, a common feed additive, prevented detection of Salmonella in feed samples. Artificially inoculated Salmonella were not recovered from feed samples containing furazolidone when buffered peptone broth (BP) was used as an enrichment medium, but Salmonella were recovered from all feed samples containing furazolidone when thiol broth was used as a substitute for BP.
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24
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Abstract
Stock cultures (136) and fresh isolates (163) of Enterobacteriaceae from ground beef, processed chickens, frozen pot pies and commercial poultry feeds were identified to species with the AutoMicrobic System (AMS). All stock cultures and fresh isolates were also concurrently tested with two other identification systems (Micro-ID and API), previously evaluated and proven accurate for identification of Enterobacteriaceae . The AMS correctly identified to species 135/136 (99.3%) of the stock cultures and 160/163 (98.2%) of the fresh isolates. All Salmonella cultures tested (74) were correctly identified by AMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Bailey
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30613 and Kansas State University, Department of Animal Science and Industry, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
| | - N A Cox
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30613 and Kansas State University, Department of Animal Science and Industry, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
| | - J E Thomson
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30613 and Kansas State University, Department of Animal Science and Industry, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
| | - D Y C Fung
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30613 and Kansas State University, Department of Animal Science and Industry, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
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25
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Abstract
Spectrum-10, a newly developed miniaturized identification system, was analyzed for its ability to accurately and rapidly identify members of the Enterobacteriaceae family. This study, conducted at two separate laboratories, tested freshly isolated organisms from raw and frozen foods (180) and stock cultures (144). For comparison purposes, the Micro-ID and API-20E identification systems were concurrently inoculated with the test organisms. In comparison to the Micro-ID and the API-20E systems, the Spectrum-10 identified 95 to 96% of the stock cultures to genus and species, whereas 93% of the fresh isolates were identified to genus and 82% to species.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Cox
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30613 and Del Monte Research Center, P.O. Box 9004, Walnut Creek, California 94598
| | - M VAN Wart
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30613 and Del Monte Research Center, P.O. Box 9004, Walnut Creek, California 94598
| | - J S Bailey
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30613 and Del Monte Research Center, P.O. Box 9004, Walnut Creek, California 94598
| | - J E Thomson
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30613 and Del Monte Research Center, P.O. Box 9004, Walnut Creek, California 94598
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Abstract
Effects of aerobic and anaerobic incubation of selenite-cystine and TT enrichment broth incubated at 37 and 34°C on the growth of Salmonella were determined. Pure cultures of four serotypes of Salmonella were enumerated at 0, 4, 8 and 24 h of incubation and no significant differences related to incubation conditions were found. The effect of microflora other than Salmonella , in pure and mixed cultures and from chicken and feed samples, on the recovery rate of Salmonella after incubation in enrichment media was evaluated and no significant effects were found; however, aerobic incubation usually gave higher Salmonella counts. Greater recovery of Salmonella was obtained by incubating selective plating media aerobically rather than anaerobically. Aerobic incubation of liquid enrichment media and differential plating media is therefore recommended for optimal recovery of Salmonella .
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Bailey
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30613 and Department of Food Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - J O Reagan
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30613 and Department of Food Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - N A Cox
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30613 and Department of Food Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - J E Thomson
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30613 and Department of Food Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Juven
- University of Georgia, Cooperative Extension Service, Extension Poultry Science Department, Athens, Georgia 30602 and United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30613
| | - N A Cox
- University of Georgia, Cooperative Extension Service, Extension Poultry Science Department, Athens, Georgia 30602 and United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30613
| | - J S Bailey
- University of Georgia, Cooperative Extension Service, Extension Poultry Science Department, Athens, Georgia 30602 and United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30613
| | - J E Thomson
- University of Georgia, Cooperative Extension Service, Extension Poultry Science Department, Athens, Georgia 30602 and United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30613
| | - O W Charles
- University of Georgia, Cooperative Extension Service, Extension Poultry Science Department, Athens, Georgia 30602 and United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30613
| | - J V Shutze
- University of Georgia, Cooperative Extension Service, Extension Poultry Science Department, Athens, Georgia 30602 and United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30613
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Abstract
The survival of Salmonella Montevideo and Salmonella heidelberg in dry milk, cocoa powder, poultry feed, and meat and bone meal was studied at three water activities (aw) in the range of 0.4 to 0.75. S. montevideo was more resistant to the various dry environments than S. heidelberg . Salmonellae were enumerated immediately after inoculation, after 2 d, and after 1, 3, 7 and 14 wk. Survival was greater at aw of 0.43 and 0.52 than at 0.75 aw. Based on these findings and due to the marked differences in survival observed in the different products equilibrated at a specific aw value, it is concluded that the survival of salmonellae in a dry product cannot be predicted on the basis of the aw alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Juven
- University of Georgia, Cooperative Extension Service, Extension Poultry Science Department, Athens, Georgia 30602 and United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30613
| | - N A Cox
- University of Georgia, Cooperative Extension Service, Extension Poultry Science Department, Athens, Georgia 30602 and United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30613
| | - J S Bailey
- University of Georgia, Cooperative Extension Service, Extension Poultry Science Department, Athens, Georgia 30602 and United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30613
| | - J E Thomson
- University of Georgia, Cooperative Extension Service, Extension Poultry Science Department, Athens, Georgia 30602 and United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30613
| | - O W Charles
- University of Georgia, Cooperative Extension Service, Extension Poultry Science Department, Athens, Georgia 30602 and United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30613
| | - J V Shutze
- University of Georgia, Cooperative Extension Service, Extension Poultry Science Department, Athens, Georgia 30602 and United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30613
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Abstract
Five brands of media (BBL, Difco, Gibco, Oxoid and Scott) were evaluated for enumerating microorganisms by the aerobic plate count and by Enterobacteriaceae , Escherichia coli , and coliform counts, and for determining Salmonella incidence. Microbiological evaluations were done on raw chickens, raw beef and raw shrimp, except that Salmonella incidence was not determined on shrimp samples. There were statistically significant differences in total plate counts (with chicken, beef and shrimp), Enterobacteriaceae counts (with shrimp) coliforms (with chicken) and E. coli counts (with chicken) by the five brands of media, but these differences were too small to be of practical significance. It was concluded that no differences of practical significance were found among the five brands of media.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Lillard
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30613
| | - N A Cox
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30613
| | - J S Bailey
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30613
| | - J E Thomson
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30613
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Juven BJ, Cox NA, Bailey JS, Thomson JE, Charles OW, Shutze JV. Recovery of Salmonella from Artificially Contaminated Poultry Feeds in Non-Selective and Selective Broth Media. J Food Prot 1984; 47:299-302. [PMID: 30921973 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-47.4.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of four preenrichment media (lactose broth, lactose broth with Tergitol, buffered peptone and M-9) and of direct enrichment in selenite cystine and modified tetrathionate broths for recovering two Salmonella serotypes from dry poultry feed was determined. The salmonellae, artificially inoculated and stored for 7 wk in the dry feed (1.5 to 2.2 cells of salmonellae/g of feed analyzed), were recovered from significantly more samples after preenrichment with M-9 or buffered peptone than with any of the other procedures tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Juven
- University of Georgia, Cooperative Extension Service, Extension Poultry Science Department, Athens, Georgia 30602 and United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30613
| | - N A Cox
- University of Georgia, Cooperative Extension Service, Extension Poultry Science Department, Athens, Georgia 30602 and United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30613
| | - J S Bailey
- University of Georgia, Cooperative Extension Service, Extension Poultry Science Department, Athens, Georgia 30602 and United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30613
| | - J E Thomson
- University of Georgia, Cooperative Extension Service, Extension Poultry Science Department, Athens, Georgia 30602 and United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30613
| | - O W Charles
- University of Georgia, Cooperative Extension Service, Extension Poultry Science Department, Athens, Georgia 30602 and United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30613
| | - J V Shutze
- University of Georgia, Cooperative Extension Service, Extension Poultry Science Department, Athens, Georgia 30602 and United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30613
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Abstract
Recovery of pathogens from breast meat, thigh meat and skin from scalded, defeathered but uneviscerated broiler carcasses with and without spray washing was compared to recovery from breast meat, thigh meat and skin from fully processed, chilled carcasses (controls). The incidence of coagulase-positive staphylococci was not significantly different on meat and skin from both uneviscerated carcasses with and without a spray washing compared to meat and skin from fully processed carcasses. The incidence of Clostridium perfringens was not significantly different on skin, breast and thigh meat for any of the sampling sources except that incidence on meat from control breasts was lower than on breast meat from uneviscerated carcasses without spray-washing; and incidence on meat from control thighs was lower than on meat from spray-washed, uneviscerated carcasses. Salmonella incidence was higher on both breast and thigh meat from fully processed control carcasses than from uneviscerated unwashed carcasses. When uneviscerated carcasses were spray-washed after defeathering, the incidence of Salmonella was not significantly different on breast meat, and significantly lower on thigh meat than on these meats from fully processed control carcasses. Skin from fully processed control carcasses had a higher incidence of Salmonella than did skin from uneviscerated, unwashed carcasses, but not skin from uneviscerated, spray-washed carcasses. Reducing the number of stages of processing significantly reduced the incidence of Salmonella but not of coagulase-positive staphylococci or Clostridium perfringens .
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Lillard
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30613
| | - D Hamm
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30613
| | - J E Thomson
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30613
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Abstract
The most commonly used commercial diagnostic kits for identification of Enterobacteriaceae are API, Enteric-Tek, Enterotube II, Micro-ID, Minitek and Spectrum-10. The accuracy of identification by all systems does not vary significantly, and falls within the acceptable range. Therefore, a bacteriologist who is considering the use of these products should evaluate factors other than accuracy when making a choice. Twenty-three professional microbiologists who had previous experience with these systems listed advantages and disadvantages of each system, and evaluated the conventional procedure for identification. The comments were summarized and presented in tabular form. The current cost per isolate of each system and the cost of the identification manual, reagents and incidental costs were also determined. These data provide the potential user with comparative information on price, shelf-life, versatility, time required for inoculation, incubation and manipulation after incubation, possible difficulties in determining positive and negative reactions, and potential safety factors for laboratory personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Cox
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Food Protection and Processing Research Unit, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30613; Kansas State University, Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Manhattan, Kansas 66506; and Dental Branch, Dental Science Institute, The University of Texas Health Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77025
| | - D Y C Fung
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Food Protection and Processing Research Unit, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30613; Kansas State University, Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Manhattan, Kansas 66506; and Dental Branch, Dental Science Institute, The University of Texas Health Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77025
| | - M C Goldschmidt
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Food Protection and Processing Research Unit, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30613; Kansas State University, Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Manhattan, Kansas 66506; and Dental Branch, Dental Science Institute, The University of Texas Health Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77025
| | - J S Bailey
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Food Protection and Processing Research Unit, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30613; Kansas State University, Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Manhattan, Kansas 66506; and Dental Branch, Dental Science Institute, The University of Texas Health Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77025
| | - J E Thomson
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Food Protection and Processing Research Unit, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30613; Kansas State University, Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Manhattan, Kansas 66506; and Dental Branch, Dental Science Institute, The University of Texas Health Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77025
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Abstract
Poultry feed (mash and pelleted) and meat and bone meal samples were collected from commercial mills. All samples were analyzed for Enterobacteriaceae count (ENT) and Salmonella. The genus and species of the various Enterobacteriaceae present were also determined. The average ENT for mash, pelleted, and meal samples was log 4.1, .8, and 1.8/g, respectively. Enterobacteriaceae were present in 100, 60, and 92% and Salmonella in 58, 0, and 92% of the mash, pelleted, and meal samples, respectively. Overall, the Enterobacteriaceae most frequently isolated from all samples were Enterobacter agglomerans, Enterobacter cloacae, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Although no Salmonella were found in the pelleted samples, the presence of other Enterobacteriaceae suggests that commercial pelleting may not totally destroy Salmonella since their heat resistance is similar to the other organisms found.
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Cox NA, Bailey JS, Thomson JE. Evaluation of Five Miniaturized Systems for Identifying Enterobacteriaceae from Stock Cultures and Raw Foods. J Food Prot 1983; 46:914-916. [PMID: 30921842 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-46.10.914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Five miniaturized systems (API, Enteric-Tek, Enterotube II, Micro-ID and Minitek) were compared to conventional procedures for identification of Enterobacteriaceae from stock cultures and freshly isolated from food sources, The accuracy of identification to genus was 98% for Micro-ID; 95%, Minitek; 94%, Enteric-Tek; 93%, API; and 86%, Enterotube II, Accuracy of identification to species was 97% for Micro-ID; 94%, Minitek; 93%, Enteric-Tek; 91 %, API; and 79%, Enterotube II, The 124 organisms tested in this study were from 11 genera of the Enterobacteriaceae family. All systems accurately identified to species the most pathogenic members of the family ( Arizona hinshawii , Salmonella typhi , Salmonella typhimurium and Shigella flexneri ). Most of the inaccuracies in identification occurred with Enterobacter and Serratia species.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Cox
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B, Russell Agricultural Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30613
| | - J S Bailey
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B, Russell Agricultural Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30613
| | - J E Thomson
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B, Russell Agricultural Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30613
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Burdick D, Cox NA, Thomson JE, Bailey JS. Heating by microwave, hot air, and flowing steam to eliminate inoculated Salmonella from poultry feed. Poult Sci 1983; 62:1780-5. [PMID: 6634607 DOI: 10.3382/ps.0621780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Poultry feed samples (mash) obtained from a commercial mill were inoculated with either 100 or 5,000 cells/g of a marker strain of Salmonella montevideo. Samples (125 g) were then placed in a microwave oven at power settings of 1.5 or 2.0 kW for 60, 90, or 120 sec; a hot air oven at 99 C (210 F) or 110 C (230 F) for 15, 30, 45, or 60 min; or a flowing steam chamber for 1, 5, 10, or 20 min. Temperature, moisture, and presence of the inoculated S. montevideo were determined in all samples before and after treatment. Feed samples placed in the microwave oven reached a maximum temperature of 186 C (367 F) and had a final moisture content as low as .8%. About 25% of the samples inoculated with 100 cells/g and about 40% of those inoculated with 5,000 cells/g remained positive after treatment. In the hot air oven, feed reached a maximum temperature of 93 C (200 F) with a moisture level after heating of about 4%. Salmonellae were recovered from 35 and 60% of the low and high inoculum level samples, respectively. In flowing steam, maximum feed temperature was 90 C (194 F) with a final moisture level of 15%. After 1, 5, 10, and 20 min of flowing steam, 100, 90, 60, and 0% of the samples were found to contain salmonellae, respectively. All treatments occasionally eliminated salmonellae from the samples, but results were inconsistent and unpredictable.
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Bailey JS, Cox NA, Thomson JE. Rapid Procedure for Biochemical Characterization and Serological Confirmation of Suspect Salmonella Isolates. J Food Prot 1983; 46:764-766. [PMID: 30921956 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-46.9.764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Fifty-two freshly processed broiler carcasses were examined for the presence of Salmonella by using a rinse method. Three selective plating media (bismuth sulfite, brilliant green sulfa and Hektoen enteric) were compared. After 24 h of incubation, typical colonies were picked from each selective plate. An 8-h procedure to biochemically characterize (Micro ID) and serologically (poly O and poly H) confirm Salmonella was then compared with a conventional procedure. Suspect Salmonella isolates were correctly classified from 63% of the carcasses with both the 8-h and conventional procedures. Of the 244 isolates confirmed to be Salmonella by conventional testing, 236 (97%) were also confirmed by the 8-h procedure. Brilliant green sulfa and Hektoen enteric agar were superior to bismuth sulfite agar for Salmonella recovery. The 8-h procedure required less incubation time (8 h vs. 48 h) after colony formation, less incubation space, and less media preparation and cleanup than the conventional procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Bailey
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30613
| | - N A Cox
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30613
| | - J E Thomson
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30613
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Cox NA, Bailey JS, Thomson JE. Effect of various media and incubation conditions on recovery of inoculated Salmonella from poultry feed. Poult Sci 1982; 61:1314-21. [PMID: 7134111 DOI: 10.3382/ps.0611314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Samples of commercially pelleted poultry feed (30 g) were inoculated with nalidixic acid-resistant marker strains of Salmonella heidelberg or S. montevideo at levels of 1 (low), 20 (medium), or 40 (high) cells/g of feed, then 100 ml of either a nonselective preenrichment medium (lactose broth) or a selective enrichment medium [selenite cystine (SC) or tetrathionate brilliant green (TT) broth] was added and incubated at either 37 or 43 C for 24 or 48 hr in different experiments. Four selective plating media [MacConkey with 100 ppm nalidixic acid, brilliant green (BG) sulfa, modified BG, bismuth sulfite] were then streaked. MacConkey agar with nalidixic acid served as a control to which the other three plating media were compared. After 24 hr incubation at 37 C, colonies with characteristics typical of Salmonella were selected from the plates and examined biochemically and serologically to determine if they were the marker organism. In this study, preenrichment was counterproductive, because the marker organisms were recovered much more often with direct enrichment in SC or TT broth than with reenrichment in lactose broth. The TT broth produced 135 positive recoveries, whereas only 88 positive recoveries were made with SC. No differences were observed between 37 and 43 C or 24 and 48 hr incubation of the selective enrichment media. Overall efficiency of the plating media for Salmonella recovery from feed, when compared to the control (MacConkey), was BG sulfa, 65%;modified BG, 64%; and bismuth sulfite, 40%. The most effective enrichment broth-plating medium combination was TT-BG sulfa, yielding 86% positive recoveries when compared to the control.
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Thomson JE, Cox NA, Bailey JS, Islam MN. Minimizing Salmonella Contamination on Broiler Carcasses with Poly (Hexamethylenebiguanide Hydrochloride). J Food Prot 1981; 44:440-441. [PMID: 30836513 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-44.6.440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Broiler carcasses, each inoculated with 30 cells of marker Salmonella heidelberg , were prechilled and chilled together with uninoculated carcasses in a simulated commercial chilling system. When either 10 or 25 ppm of PHMB [poly(hexamethylenebiguanide hydrochloride)] was added to the prechill water, cross-contamination (uninoculated carcasses showing contamination with marker Salmonella after chilling) was prevented, and no viable Salmonella were found on the inoculated carcasses. When carcasses, each inoculated with 60,000 cells of marker Salmonella , were similarly chilled, and 10 ppm of PHMB was added to the prechill water, cross-contamination was not prevented, and viable Salmonella were found on the inoculated carcasses. With 60,000 cells, and 25 ppm PHMB, cross-contamination was prevented, but viable Salmonella remained on the inoculated carcasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Thomson
- Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, SEA, U.S. Department of Agriculture, P. O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30613 and Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711
| | - N A Cox
- Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, SEA, U.S. Department of Agriculture, P. O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30613 and Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711
| | - J S Bailey
- Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, SEA, U.S. Department of Agriculture, P. O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30613 and Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711
| | - M N Islam
- Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, SEA, U.S. Department of Agriculture, P. O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30613 and Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711
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Abstract
A 4-h biochemical identification system (Micro-ID) and a rapid confirmation 24-h biochemical and serological procedure (RC) involving the Minitek system were compared for accuracy of Salmonella identification. Of 144 known Salmonella stock cultures, RC correctly classified all, and Micro-ID correctly classified 141. Both systems correctly classified all the Salmonella isolates obtained from four artificially inoculated broiler carcasses. When 113 suspect- Salmonella isolates from naturally contaminated samples were examined, RC correctly classified all, and Micro-ID correctly classified all except one.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Cox
- Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, SEA, U. S. Department of Agriculture, P. O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30613
| | - J S Bailey
- Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, SEA, U. S. Department of Agriculture, P. O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30613
| | - J E Thomson
- Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, SEA, U. S. Department of Agriculture, P. O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30613
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Abstract
With 73 members of the Enterobacteriaceae family, detection of indole production with Minitek inoculum broth (MIB) correlated more closely with the results of the conventional method than did detection with the Minitek H2S/indole disk.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Cox
- Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, SEA, U.S. Department of Agriculture, P. O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30613
| | - J E Thomson
- Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, SEA, U.S. Department of Agriculture, P. O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30613
| | - J S Bailey
- Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, SEA, U.S. Department of Agriculture, P. O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30613
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Abstract
The uneven distribution and low numbers of salmonella usually present on broiler carcasses make whole carcass rinsing the most sensitive sampling procedure for detecting this organism on the raw product. However, 270 ml of water or medium has been the smallest volume used in past published research. We found that 100 ml was adequate to recover Salmonella typhimurium, S. california, or S. montevideo from freshly processed broiler carcasses that had been inoculated with the organism at the rate of 50 cells/carcass. When carcasses were inoculated with 20 cells or S. heidelberg, then stored at -23 C for 3 or 6 months, sampling with 100 ml was adequate to detect the organism on all carcasses. The advantages of using the smallest volume of rinsing medium that will consistently lead to detection of salmonella present are: 1) less enrichment medium is required, 2) less incubator space is required, and 3) the concentration of cells in the selective enrichment medium at the end of incubation is greater; hence, the greater are the chances of salmonella detection when a drop is subsequently transferred to the selective plating medium.
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Abstract
The accuracy of a miniaturized Enterobacteriaceae system (Micro-ID) was evaluated with 10 different genera grown on 11 selective plating media. Whenever growth occurred, the correct identification was made. In addition, 12 serotypes of Salmonella and 22 other strains of Enterobacteriaceae were grown on the two most common selective media used by food microbiologists for isolation of Salmonella [Brilliant Green Sulfa Agar (BGS) and Bismuth Sulfite Agar (BiS)]. The correct identification was made in all instances. The manufacturer of Micro-ID originally recommended that several colonies be picked for inoculation of the system. We modified the inoculation procedure so that only one colony was selected from a plate; this minimized the chances of having a mixed-culture inoculum. With this procedure, all 21 Enterobacteriaceae tested were correctly identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Cox
- United States Department of Agricultural, Science and Education Administration, Agricultural Research, Richard B. Russell Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30613
| | - J S Bailey
- United States Department of Agricultural, Science and Education Administration, Agricultural Research, Richard B. Russell Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30613
| | - J E Thomson
- United States Department of Agricultural, Science and Education Administration, Agricultural Research, Richard B. Russell Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30613
| | - M O Carson
- United States Department of Agricultural, Science and Education Administration, Agricultural Research, Richard B. Russell Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30613
| | - D A Posey
- United States Department of Agricultural, Science and Education Administration, Agricultural Research, Richard B. Russell Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30613
| | - E Rivera
- United States Department of Agricultural, Science and Education Administration, Agricultural Research, Richard B. Russell Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30613
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Thomson JE, Scobie IN, Ballantyne F, Smith A, Manderson WG, MacCuish AC. Effect of carbohydrate restriction on lipoprotein abnormalities in maturity-onset diabetes mellitus. Acta Diabetol Lat 1980; 17:33-9. [PMID: 7415753 DOI: 10.1007/bf02582075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Hyperlipoproteinemia occurs commonly in diabetics and may contribute to early atherosclerosis in these patients. The effect of dietary carbohydrate restriction on lipid abnormalities has been examined in 42 newly diagnosed maturity-onset diabetics, in whom plasma lipoproteins were measured before treatment was started and at regular intervals during ten months of dietary therapy. Twenty-four patients (57%) had abnormal lipids when diabetes was first diagnosed. Nine were classed as Type II and 15 as Type IV hyperlipoproteinemia. Plasma lipids reverted to normal in half these patients after dietary treatment for one month. Only 8 diabetics (19%) showed persistent lipid abnormality after ten months' treatment: all had been unable to diet satisfactorily as judged by persisting obesity and hyperglycemia. The common lipoprotein abnormalities of maturity-onset diabetes can usually be returned to normal by the simplest possible carbohydrate-restricted diet, if patients adhere to this. Specialized and complex diets or lipid-lowering drugs are unncessary in the majority of patients.
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Thomson JE, Bailey JS, Cox NA, Posey DA, Carson MO. Salmonella on Broiler Carcasses as Affected by Fresh Water Input Rate and Chlorination of Chiller Water. J Food Prot 1979; 42:954-955. [PMID: 30812170 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-42.12.954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Broiler carcasses, each inoculated with about 1000 cells of a marker strain of Salmonella typhimurium , and uninoculated carcasses were prechilled and chilled in a simulated commercial chilling process. For each experiment, fresh water input was either 1.90 liters (0.50 gal) or 0.95 liters (0.25 gal) per carcass, and the chlorine level was 0, 20 or 50 ppm. The rate of fresh water input had no significant effect on either cross-contamination (uninoculated carcasses showing contamination with marker organisms after chilling) or elimination of Salmonella from the inoculated carcasses. Fewer uninoculated carcasses showed marker Salmonella contamination after chilling with 50 ppm of chlorine than 0 ppm, but cross-contamination was not eliminated. Chlorine in the chilling water decreased rapidly due to the effect of organic matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Thomson
- Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Science and Education Administration, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30604
| | - J S Bailey
- Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Science and Education Administration, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30604
| | - N A Cox
- Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Science and Education Administration, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30604
| | - D A Posey
- Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Science and Education Administration, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30604
| | - M O Carson
- Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Science and Education Administration, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30604
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Bailey JS, Reagan JO, Carpenter JA, Schuler GA, Thomson JE. Types of Bacteria and Shelf-Life of Evacuated Carbon Dioxide-Injected and Ice-Packed Broilers. J Food Prot 1979; 42:218-221. [PMID: 30812294 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-42.3.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Broiler carcasses were packed in low-permeability film bags that were evacuated, injected with CO2, then held at 2 C. Broilers were examined microbiologically and for off-odor to determine the shelf-life and types of bacteria. Vacuum level did not significantly affect bacterial counts. Broilers stored in 65% CO2 had a 1-day longer shelf-life than those held in 20% CO2 and about a 5-day longer shelf-life than ice-packed broilers. Spoiled carcasses from either 20 or 65% CO2 packages had an acid-sour off-odor, and more than 90% of the bacteria present were Lactobacillus . Ice-packed broilers had the typical putrid off-odor at spoilage, and more than 95% of the bacteria were non-pigmented Pseudomonas .
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Bailey
- Food Science Department, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, and Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Science and Education Administration, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30604
| | - J O Reagan
- Food Science Department, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, and Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Science and Education Administration, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30604
| | - J A Carpenter
- Food Science Department, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, and Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Science and Education Administration, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30604
| | - G A Schuler
- Food Science Department, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, and Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Science and Education Administration, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30604
| | - J E Thomson
- Food Science Department, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, and Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Science and Education Administration, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30604
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Thomson JE, Bailey JS, Cox NA. Phosphate and heat treatments to control Salmonella and reduce spoilage and rancidity on broiler carcasses. Poult Sci 1979; 58:139-43. [PMID: 471881 DOI: 10.3382/ps.0580139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Broiler chicken carcasses were inoculated with about 300 cells of a naladixic acid resistant strain of Salmonella typhimurium, then treated for 3 min with highly agitated water with or without 6% phosphate added, at 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, or 90 C. Other broiler carcasses were inoculated with about 60 cells, then similarly treated at 65 or 70 C. All carcasses were chilled after the hot water treatment in a system simulating commerical chilling. When inoculum was 300 cells, at least 5% of the carcasses remained contaminated with Salmonella, even when hot water treatment was at 90 C. When inoculum was 60 cells, Salmonella were eliminated by hot water treatment at 65 or 70 C. Carcasses showed a partially cooked appearance after hot water treatment. Total bacterial counts on carcasses treated at 70 and 90 C, with or without added phosphate, and then chilled were lower than on control carcasses throughout storage at 2 C for up to 26 days. Phosphates did not consistently or significantly affect either Salmonella survival or total bacterial counts. Oxidative deterioration as measured by the thiobarbituric acid test was significantly retarded throughout 26 days of storage by the addition of 6% phosphate to a 70 or 90 C hot water treatment.
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Lowe GD, Thomson JE, Reavey MM, Forbes CD, Prentice CR. Mesterolone: thrombosis during treatment, and a study of its prothrombotic effects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1979; 7:107-9. [PMID: 760733 PMCID: PMC1429591 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1979.tb00905.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
1. We describe a patient who developed deep vein thrombosis after commencing treatment with the synthetic androgen, mesterolone (Pro-Viron). 2. To investigate the potential thrombogenic action of this drug, a 21 day course of mesterolone (100 mg/day) was given to nine healthy male volunteers. 3. No significant change after treatment occurred in any of the blood tests performed (clotting times, Factor VIII coagulant activity, Factor VIII related antigen, antithrombin III activity, fibrinogen, fibrinogen-fibrin degradation products, plasminogen, euglobulin lysis time, urokinase sensitivity, platelet count, haematocrit, whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity). 4. We conclude that in a conventional dose taken for 3 weeks mesterolone does not produce a consistent measurable prothrombotic state, nor does it enhance fibrinolysis.
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Thomson JE, Baird SG, Beastall GH, Ratcliffe WA, Thomson JA. The effect of intravenous heparin infusions on the thyroid stimulating hormone response to thyrotrophin releasing hormone. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1978; 6:239-42. [PMID: 99158 PMCID: PMC1429460 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1978.tb04591.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
1 The TSH response to TRH is suppressed 24 h after the commencement of i.v. heparin infusion in euthyroid subjects, as compared to repeat testing, both after 7 days of continuous i.v. heparin and after 7 days without heparin but while on warfarin. 2 This suggests that the rise in serum free thyroid hormones, which heparin produces, has a 'metabolic effect'. Possible clinical effects of this action must be considered. 3 Heparin has no effect on the radio-immunoassay of TSH.
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