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Lipponen J, Tiulpin A, Majamaa K, Rusanen H. Quantification of Upper Limb Movements in Patients with Hereditary or Idiopathic Ataxia. Cerebellum 2023; 22:1182-1191. [PMID: 36269527 PMCID: PMC10657283 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-022-01485-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Assessment of ataxic movements is usually based on clinical judgment. Technical devices can be employed in the quantification of ataxic movements in addition to clinical evaluation. The effect of maximal speed in upper limb movements in ataxia patients has not been quantified. The aim was to quantify upper limb movements in patients with hereditary or idiopathic ataxia and to find features of movement that are characteristic for ataxia. We examined 19 patients with degenerative ataxia and 21 healthy controls. An ad hoc system comprising a touch screen, an accelerometer, and a gyroscope was used to measure speed, angular acceleration, consistency, and accuracy of upper limb movements. The movements were quantified during finger-to-nose test that the patients were asked to perform at their own pace and as fast as possible. Disease severity was estimated by using the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA). The mean SARA score of the patients was 13.5. Compared to the controls the performance of the patients was slow (p < 0.001) and arrhythmic (p < 0.001), but end-point accuracy on the touch screen was intact. The SARA score correlated with the standard deviation of amplitude of angular acceleration in Z-axis (F(1,17) = 15.00, p < 0.001 with R2 = 0.47). Upper limb movements of the patients with degenerative ataxia were slower and more arrhythmic than those in the controls. The patients retained spatial end-point accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonas Lipponen
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.
- Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
- Department of Neurology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Aleksei Tiulpin
- Physics and Technology, Research Unit of Medical Imaging, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Ailean Technologies Oy, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Electrical Engineering, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Kari Majamaa
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Harri Rusanen
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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Korpioja A, Krüger J, Hurme-Niiranen A, Solje E, Katisko K, Lipponen J, Lehtilahti M, Remes AM, Majamaa K, Kytövuori L. Cognitive impairment is not uncommon in patients with biallelic RFC1 AAGGG repeat expansion, but the expansion is rare in patients with cognitive disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2022; 103:98-101. [PMID: 36088850 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2022.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The biallelic repeat expansion (AAGGG)exp in RFC1 causes cerebellar ataxia, neuropathy, and vestibular areflexia syndrome (CANVAS). Recently, cognitive impairment has been reported in patients with CANVAS and a broader neurodegenerative process associated with RFC1 has been suggested. Furthermore, rare cases of multiple system atrophy, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or CANVAS with features of dementia with Lewy bodies have been found. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that the biallelic (AAGGG)exp is associated with neurodegeneration manifested as cognitive symptoms and that atypical RFC1 disease may be found among patients with cognitive disorder. METHODS Clinical data on nine patients with biallelic (AAGGG)exp were reviewed and 564 patients with Alzheimer's disease or frontotemporal dementia (FTD) were investigated for biallelic RFC1 (AAGGG)exp. RESULTS Five patients with biallelic (AAGGG)exp were found with a cognitive impairment and in four of them the phenotype resembled FTD. However, biallelic (AAGGG)exp was not detected among patients with Alzheimer's disease or FTD. CONCLUSION Cognitive impairment is a feature in patients with the biallelic (AAGGG)exp, but the pathogenic expansion seems to be rare in patients with dementia. Studies on patients with diverse phenotypes would be useful to further explore the involvement of RFC1 in neuronal degeneration and to identify atypical phenotypes, which should be taken into account in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Korpioja
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Neurology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; MRC, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna Krüger
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Neurology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; MRC, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; OUH Neurocenter, Neurology, Oulu University Hospital, FI-90029, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anri Hurme-Niiranen
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Neurology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; MRC, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Eino Solje
- KUH NeuroCenter, Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 100, 70029, KYS, Kuopio, Finland; Institute of Clinical Medicine - Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kasper Katisko
- Institute of Clinical Medicine - Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Joonas Lipponen
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Neurology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; MRC, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Maria Lehtilahti
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Neurology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; MRC, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anne M Remes
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Neurology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; MRC, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Clinical Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, P.O. Box 63, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kari Majamaa
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Neurology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; MRC, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; OUH Neurocenter, Neurology, Oulu University Hospital, FI-90029, Oulu, Finland
| | - Laura Kytövuori
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Neurology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; MRC, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; OUH Neurocenter, Neurology, Oulu University Hospital, FI-90029, Oulu, Finland.
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Lipponen J, Helisalmi S, Raivo J, Siitonen A, Doi H, Rusanen H, Lehtilahti M, Ryytty M, Laakso M, Tanaka F, Majamaa K, Kytövuori L. Molecular epidemiology of hereditary ataxia in Finland. BMC Neurol 2021; 21:382. [PMID: 34600502 PMCID: PMC8487109 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-021-02409-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetics of cerebellar ataxia is complex. Hundreds of causative genes have been identified, but only a few cause more than single cases. The spectrum of ataxia-causing genes differs considerably between populations. The aim of the study was to investigate the molecular epidemiology of ataxia in the Finnish population. PATIENTS AND METHODS All patients in hospital database were reviewed for the diagnosis of unspecified ataxia. Acquired ataxias and nongenetic ataxias such as those related to infection, trauma or stroke were excluded. Sixty patients with sporadic ataxia with unknown etiology and 36 patients with familial ataxia of unknown etiology were recruited in the study. Repeat expansions in the SCA genes (ATXN1, 2, 3, 7, 8/OS, CACNA1A, TBP), FXN, and RFC1 were determined. Point mutations in POLG, SPG7 and in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were investigated. In addition, DNA from 8 patients was exome sequenced. RESULTS A genetic cause of ataxia was found in 33 patients (34.4%). Seven patients had a dominantly inherited repeat expansion in ATXN8/OS. Ten patients had mitochondrial ataxia resulting from mutations in nuclear mitochondrial genes POLG or RARS2, or from a point mutation m.8561C > G or a single deletion in mtDNA. Interestingly, five patients were biallelic for the recently identified pathogenic repeat expansion in RFC1. All the five patients presented with the phenotype of cerebellar ataxia, neuropathy, and vestibular areflexia (CANVAS). Moreover, screening of 54 patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy revealed four additional patients with biallelic repeat expansion in RFC1, but none of them had cerebellar symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Expansion in ATXN8/OS results in the majority of dominant ataxias in Finland, while mutations in RFC1 and POLG are the most common cause of recessive ataxias. Our results suggest that analysis of RFC1 should be included in the routine diagnostics of idiopathic ataxia and Charcot-Marie-Tooth polyneuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonas Lipponen
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Neurology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Seppo Helisalmi
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Joose Raivo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ari Siitonen
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Neurology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Hiroshi Doi
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Harri Rusanen
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Neurology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Maria Lehtilahti
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Neurology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mervi Ryytty
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Neurology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Fumiaki Tanaka
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kari Majamaa
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Neurology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Laura Kytövuori
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland. .,Department of Neurology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
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Lipponen J, Koivisto S, Olkkonen ME. Procedural justice and status judgements: The moderating role of leader ingroup prototypicality. The Leadership Quarterly 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2005.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Vuorela P, Oksman-Caldentey KM, Lipponen J, Hiltunen R. Spontaneous somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from root cultures of Peucedanum palustre. Plant Cell Rep 1993; 12:453-456. [PMID: 24197351 DOI: 10.1007/bf00234711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/1992] [Revised: 02/16/1993] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The regeneration of Peucedanum palustre (L.) Moench (milk parsley) was established for the first time via somatic embryogenesis from primary root cultures. Callus formation occurred on the root cultures and showed spontaneous embryogenic capability on B5 basal medium supplemented with a low concentration of indoleacetic acid (5.5 × 10(-7) M). 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid was not needed for the initiation of embryogenesis. The somatic embryos germinated and formed plantlets on hormone-free B5 medium. These plantlets were easily transferable to pots, and are presently passing their second growing season in the greenhouse.Development of the somatic embryos progressed through the globular, heart-shaped, torpedo-shaped, and cotyledonary stages, typical of zygotic embryos. Synchronization performed by sieving the embryos did not affect the development time. The culture has retained its embryogenic capacity for 25 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Vuorela
- Department of Pharmacy, Microbiology Division, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 15, SF-00014, Finland
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