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Freedman M, Leach L, Carmela Tartaglia M, Stokes KA, Goldberg Y, Spring R, Nourhaghighi N, Gee T, Strother SC, Alhaj MO, Borrie M, Darvesh S, Fernandez A, Fischer CE, Fogarty J, Greenberg BD, Gyenes M, Herrmann N, Keren R, Kirstein J, Kumar S, Lam B, Lena S, McAndrews MP, Naglie G, Partridge R, Rajji TK, Reichmann W, Uri Wolf M, Verhoeff NPLG, Waserman JL, Black SE, Tang-Wai DF. Correction to: The Toronto cognitive assessment (TorCA): normative data and validation to detect amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Alzheimers Res Ther 2018; 10:120. [PMID: 30526675 PMCID: PMC6286597 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-018-0446-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Upon publication of this article [1], it was brought to our attention that one of the 303 participants in the normative study should have been deleted from the database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morris Freedman
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Baycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M6A 2E1, Canada. .,Rotman Research Institute of Baycrest Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Mt. Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Larry Leach
- Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Glendon College, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M Carmela Tartaglia
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kathryn A Stokes
- Baycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M6A 2E1, Canada
| | - Yael Goldberg
- Baycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M6A 2E1, Canada
| | - Robyn Spring
- Rotman Research Institute of Baycrest Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nima Nourhaghighi
- Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tom Gee
- Rotman Research Institute of Baycrest Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen C Strother
- Rotman Research Institute of Baycrest Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mohammad O Alhaj
- Baycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M6A 2E1, Canada.,Canada International Scientific Exchange Program, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Borrie
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.,Parkwood Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Sultan Darvesh
- Department of Medicine (Neurology and Geriatric Medicine) and Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Alita Fernandez
- Baycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M6A 2E1, Canada
| | - Corinne E Fischer
- Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Research, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer Fogarty
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.,Parkwood Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Barry D Greenberg
- Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, Toronto, ON, Canada.,University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michelle Gyenes
- Baycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M6A 2E1, Canada
| | - Nathan Herrmann
- Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ron Keren
- Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, Toronto, ON, Canada.,University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Josh Kirstein
- Baycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M6A 2E1, Canada
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Benjamin Lam
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Suvendrini Lena
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mary Pat McAndrews
- Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gary Naglie
- Baycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M6A 2E1, Canada.,Rotman Research Institute of Baycrest Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine (Geriatric Medicine) and Institute of Health Policy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robert Partridge
- Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tarek K Rajji
- Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - William Reichmann
- Baycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M6A 2E1, Canada.,Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M Uri Wolf
- Baycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M6A 2E1, Canada.,Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nicolaas P L G Verhoeff
- Baycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M6A 2E1, Canada.,Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jordana L Waserman
- Baycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M6A 2E1, Canada
| | - Sandra E Black
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Unit, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David F Tang-Wai
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Freedman M, Leach L, Carmela Tartaglia M, Stokes KA, Goldberg Y, Spring R, Nourhaghighi N, Gee T, Strother SC, Alhaj MO, Borrie M, Darvesh S, Fernandez A, Fischer CE, Fogarty J, Greenberg BD, Gyenes M, Herrmann N, Keren R, Kirstein J, Kumar S, Lam B, Lena S, McAndrews MP, Naglie G, Partridge R, Rajji TK, Reichmann W, Uri Wolf M, Verhoeff NPLG, Waserman JL, Black SE, Tang-Wai DF. The Toronto Cognitive Assessment (TorCA): normative data and validation to detect amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Alzheimers Res Ther 2018; 10:65. [PMID: 30021658 PMCID: PMC6052695 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-018-0382-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background A need exists for easily administered assessment tools to detect mild cognitive changes that are more comprehensive than screening tests but shorter than a neuropsychological battery and that can be administered by physicians, as well as any health care professional or trained assistant in any medical setting. The Toronto Cognitive Assessment (TorCA) was developed to achieve these goals. Methods We obtained normative data on the TorCA (n = 303), determined test reliability, developed an iPad version, and validated the TorCA against neuropsychological assessment for detecting amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) (n = 50/57, aMCI/normal cognition). For the normative study, healthy volunteers were recruited from the Rotman Research Institute registry. For the validation study, the sample was comprised of participants with aMCI or normal cognition based on neuropsychological assessment. Cognitively normal participants were recruited from both healthy volunteers in the normative study sample and the community. Results The TorCA provides a stable assessment of multiple cognitive domains. The total score correctly classified 79% of participants (sensitivity 80%; specificity 79%). In an exploratory logistic regression analysis, indices of Immediate Verbal Recall, Delayed Verbal and Visual Recall, Visuospatial Function, and Working Memory/Attention/Executive Control, a subset of the domains assessed by the TorCA, correctly classified 92% of participants (sensitivity 92%; specificity 91%). Paper and iPad version scores were equivalent. Conclusions The TorCA can improve resource utilization by identifying patients with aMCI who may not require more resource-intensive neuropsychological assessment. Future studies will focus on cross-validating the TorCA for aMCI, and validation for disorders other than aMCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morris Freedman
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Baycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M6A 2E1, Canada. .,Rotman Research Institute of Baycrest Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Mt. Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Larry Leach
- Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Glendon College, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M Carmela Tartaglia
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kathryn A Stokes
- Baycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M6A 2E1, Canada
| | - Yael Goldberg
- Baycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M6A 2E1, Canada
| | - Robyn Spring
- Rotman Research Institute of Baycrest Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nima Nourhaghighi
- Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tom Gee
- Rotman Research Institute of Baycrest Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen C Strother
- Rotman Research Institute of Baycrest Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mohammad O Alhaj
- Baycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M6A 2E1, Canada.,Canada International Scientific Exchange Program, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Borrie
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.,Parkwood Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Sultan Darvesh
- Department of Medicine (Neurology and Geriatric Medicine) and Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Alita Fernandez
- Baycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M6A 2E1, Canada
| | - Corinne E Fischer
- Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Research, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer Fogarty
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.,Parkwood Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Barry D Greenberg
- Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, Toronto, ON, Canada.,University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michelle Gyenes
- Baycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M6A 2E1, Canada
| | - Nathan Herrmann
- Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ron Keren
- Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, Toronto, ON, Canada.,University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Josh Kirstein
- Baycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M6A 2E1, Canada
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Benjamin Lam
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Suvendrini Lena
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mary Pat McAndrews
- Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gary Naglie
- Baycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M6A 2E1, Canada.,Rotman Research Institute of Baycrest Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine (Geriatric Medicine) and Institute of Health Policy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robert Partridge
- Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tarek K Rajji
- Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - William Reichmann
- Baycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M6A 2E1, Canada.,Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M Uri Wolf
- Baycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M6A 2E1, Canada.,Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nicolaas P L G Verhoeff
- Baycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M6A 2E1, Canada.,Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jordana L Waserman
- Baycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M6A 2E1, Canada
| | - Sandra E Black
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Unit, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David F Tang-Wai
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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