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Gonzales CB, De La Chapa JJ, Patwardhan AM, Hargreaves KM. Oral Cancer Pain Includes Thermal Allodynia That May Be Attenuated by Chronic Alcohol Consumption. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040518. [PMID: 37111275 PMCID: PMC10142169 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Oral cancer is one of the most painful cancer types, and is often refractory to existing analgesics. Oral cancer patients frequently develop a tolerance to opioids, the mainstay of current cancer pain therapy, leaving them with limited therapeutic options. Thus, there is a great need to identify molecular mechanisms driving oral cancer pain in an effort to develop new analgesics. Previous reports demonstrate that oral cancer patients experience intense mechanical pain and pain in function. To date, no studies have examined thermal pain in oral cancer patients or the role that alcohol consumption plays in oral cancer pain. This study aims to evaluate patient-reported pain levels and thermal allodynia, potential molecular mechanisms mediating thermal allodynia, and the effects of alcohol consumption on patient-perceived pain. Methods: This study evaluated human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines for their ability to activate thermosensitive channels in vitro and validated these findings in a rat model of orofacial pain. Patient-reported pain in a south Texas OSCC cohort (n = 27) was examined using a visual analog scale (VAS). Covariant analysis examined variables such as tobacco and alcohol consumption, ethnicity, gender, and cancer stage. Results: We determined that OSCC secretes factors that stimulate both the Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin type 1 channel (TRPA1; noxious cold sensor) and the Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid type 1 channel (TRPV1; noxious heat sensor) in vitro and that OSCC-secreted factors sensitize TRPV1 nociceptors in vivo. These findings were validated in this cohort, in which allodynia to cold and heat were reported. Notably, subjects that reported regular alcohol consumption also reported lower pain scores for every type of pain tested, with significantly reduced cold-induced pain, aching pain, and burning pain. Conclusion: Oral cancer patients experience multiple types of cancer pain, including thermal allodynia. Alcohol consumption correlates with reduced OSCC pain and reduced thermal allodynia, which may be mediated by TRPA1 and TRPV1. Hence, reduced pain in these patients may contribute to a delay in seeking care, and thus a delay in early detection and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara B. Gonzales
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, UT Health San Antonio, School of Dentistry, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Mays Cancer Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Jorge J. De La Chapa
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, UT Health San Antonio, School of Dentistry, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Amol M. Patwardhan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Kenneth M. Hargreaves
- Department of Endodontics, UT Health San Antonio, School of Dentistry, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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2
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Sun Y, Zboril EK, De La Chapa JJ, Chai X, Da Conceicao VN, Valdez MC, McHardy SF, Gonzales CB, Singh BB. Inhibition of Ca 2+ entry by capsazepine analog CIDD-99 prevents oral squamous carcinoma cell proliferation. Front Physiol 2022; 13:969000. [PMID: 36187775 PMCID: PMC9521718 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.969000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer patients have a poor prognosis, with approximately 66% of patients surviving 5-years after diagnosis. Treatments for oral cancer are limited and have many adverse side effects; thus, further studies are needed to develop drugs that are more efficacious. To achieve this objective, we developed CIDD-99, which produces cytotoxic effects in multiple oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines. While we demonstrated that CIDD-99 induces ER stress and apoptosis in OSCC, the mechanism was unclear. Investigation of the Bcl-family of proteins showed that OSCC cells treated with CIDD-99 undergo downregulation of Bcl-XL and Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic proteins and upregulation of Bax (pro-apoptotic). Importantly, OSCC cells treated with CIDD-99 displayed decreased calcium signaling in a dose and time-dependent manner, suggesting that blockage of calcium signaling is the key mechanism that induces cell death in OSCC. Indeed, CIDD-99 anti-proliferative effects were reversed by the addition of exogenous calcium. Moreover, electrophysiological properties further established that calcium entry was via the non-selective TRPC1 channel and prolonged CIDD-99 incubation inhibited STIM1 expression. CIDD-99 inhibition of calcium signaling also led to ER stress and inhibited mitochondrial complexes II and V in vitro. Taken together, these findings suggest that inhibition of TRPC mediates induction of ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction as a part of the cellular response to CIDD-99 in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Sun
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Emily K. Zboril
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Jorge J. De La Chapa
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Xiufang Chai
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | | | - Matthew C. Valdez
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Stanton F. McHardy
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Cara B. Gonzales
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Brij B. Singh
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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Morris J, Gonzales CB, De La Chapa JJ, Cabang AB, Fountzilas C, Patel M, Orozco S, Wargovich MJ. The Highly Pure Neem Leaf Extract, SCNE, Inhibits Tumorigenesis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma via Disruption of Pro-tumor Inflammatory Cytokines and Cell Signaling. Front Oncol 2019; 9:890. [PMID: 31572681 PMCID: PMC6753233 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a deadly disease that comprises 60% of all head and neck squamous cell cancers. The leaves of the Neem tree (Azadirachta indica) have been used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine for centuries to treat numerous oral maladies and are known to have significant anti-inflammatory properties. We hypothesize that a highly pure super critical CO2 Neem leaf extract (SCNE) prevents initiation and progression of OSCC via downregulation of intra-tumor pro-inflammatory pathways, which promote tumorigenesis. Hence, we investigated the anticancer effects of SCNE using in vitro and in vivo platforms. OSCC cell lines (SCC4, Cal27, and HSC3) were treated with SCNE while inflammation, proliferation, and migration were analyzed over time. SCNE treatment significantly inhibited OSCC cell proliferation and migration and reduced MMP activity in vitro, suggesting its potential to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis. The preventive effects of SCNE in ectopic xenograft and 4NQO-1 (4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide) carcinogen-induced mouse models of OSCC were also evaluated. Indeed, xenografted nude mice showed significant reduction of OSCC tumor volumes. Likewise, SCNE significantly reduced the incidence of tongue dysplasia in the 4NQO-1 OSCC initiation model. In both OSCC animal models, SCNE significantly depressed circulating pro-cancer inflammatory cytokines (host and tumor-secreted) including NFkB, COX2, IL-1, IL-6, TNFα, and IFNγ. In addition, we demonstrate that SCNE downregulates STAT3 and AKT expression and activity in vitro. We also demonstrate that the primary active component, nimbolide (NIM), has significant anticancer activity in established OSCC xenografts. Lastly, we show that SCNE induces an M1 phenotype in tumor associated macrophages (TAMS) in vivo. Taken together, these data strongly support SCNE as means of preventing OSCC via downregulation of pro-cancer inflammatory cascades and NIM as a potential new therapy for existing OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Morris
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Cara B Gonzales
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Jorge J De La Chapa
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - April B Cabang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Christos Fountzilas
- Department of Medicine, GI Medical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Mandakini Patel
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Stephanie Orozco
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Michael J Wargovich
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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4
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De La Chapa JJ, Singha PK, Self KK, Sallaway ML, McHardy SF, Hart MJ, McGuff HS, Valdez MC, Ruiz F, Polusani SR, Gonzales CB. The novel capsazepine analog, CIDD-99, significantly inhibits oral squamous cell carcinoma in vivo through a TRPV1-independent induction of ER stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis. J Oral Pathol Med 2019; 48:389-399. [PMID: 30825343 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a deadly disease with a mere 40% five-year survival rate for patients with advanced disease. Previously, we discovered that capsazepine (CPZ), a transient receptor potential channel, Vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1) antagonist, has significant anti-tumor effects against OSCC via a unique mechanism-of-action that is independent of TRPV1. Thus, we developed novel CPZ analogs with more potent anti-proliferative effects (CIDD-24, CIDD-99, and CIDD-111). METHODS Using OSCC xenograft models, we determined the efficacy of these analogs in vivo. TRPV1 interactions were evaluated using calcium imaging and a rat model of orofacial pain. Anti-cancer mechanism(s)-of-action were assessed by cell cycle analysis and mitochondrial depolarization assays. RESULTS CIDD-99 was the most potent analog demonstrating significant anti-tumor effects in vivo (P < 0.001). CIDD-24 was equipotent to the parent compound CPZ, but less potent than CIDD-99. CIDD-111 was the least efficacious analog. Calcium imaging studies confirmed that CIDD-99 neither activates nor inhibits TRPV1 confirming that TRPV1 activity is not involved in its anti-cancer effects. All analogs induced an S-phase block, dose-dependent mitochondrial depolarization, and apoptosis. Histological analyses revealed increased apoptosis and reduced cell proliferation in tumors treated with these analogs. Importantly, CIDD-99 had the most dramatic anti-tumor effects with 85% of tumors resolving leaving only minute traces of viable tissue. Additionally, CIDD-99 was non-noxious and demonstrated no observable adverse reactions CONCLUSION: This study describes a novel, highly efficacious, CPZ analog, CIDD-99, with dramatic anti-tumor effects against OSCC that may be efficacious as a lone therapy or in combination with standard therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge J De La Chapa
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Prajjal K Singha
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Kristen K Self
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - McKay L Sallaway
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Stanton F McHardy
- Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.,Mays Cancer Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Matthew J Hart
- Mays Cancer Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.,Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, HTS Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Howard Stan McGuff
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Matthew C Valdez
- Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Francisco Ruiz
- Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Srikanth R Polusani
- Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, HTS Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Cara B Gonzales
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.,Mays Cancer Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
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5
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De La Chapa JJ, Singha PK, Lee DR, Gonzales CB. Thymol inhibits oral squamous cell carcinoma growth via mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. J Oral Pathol Med 2018; 47:674-682. [PMID: 29777637 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thymol is a transient receptor potential ankyrin subtype 1 channel, (TRPA1) agonist found in thyme and oregano. Thymol has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties; thus, thymol is added to many commercially available products including Listerine mouthwash. Thymol is also cytotoxic to HL-60 (acute promyelocytic leukemia) cells in vitro. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of thymol against oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and its anticancer mechanism-of-action. METHODS The antiproliferative effects of thymol in OSCC Cal27 cells were determined by MTS assays. Antitumor effects were evaluated in Cal27- and HeLa-derived mouse xenografts. Calcium imaging, mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) studies, and Western blot analysis of cleaved PARP (c-PARP) evaluated thymol's mechanism-of-action. RESULTS Thymol had significant, long-lasting antiproliferative effects in vitro. In vivo, thymol displayed significant antitumor effects in Cal27-derived tumors. Thymol's anticancer effects were confirmed in HeLa-derived xenografts demonstrating that thymol effects are not tumor-type specific. Calcium imaging verified calcium influx in Cal27 cells that were reversed with the TRPA1 antagonist, HC030031. However, no calcium influx was seen in HeLa cells indicating that TRP channels do not regulate thymol cytotoxicity. This was confirmed using cell viability assays in which pre-treatment with HC030031 had no effect on thymol cytotoxicity. Instead, ΔΨm studies revealed that thymol induces significant ΔΨm depolarization and apoptosis. CONCLUSION Our findings provide the first evidence of thymol's novel antitumor effects against OSCC in vivo, which do not rely on TRPA1 activity. Instead, we show that thymol induces mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis and may be efficacious against multiple cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge J De La Chapa
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio School of Dentistry, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Prajjal Kanti Singha
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Debbie R Lee
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio School of Dentistry, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Cara B Gonzales
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio School of Dentistry, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Cancer Therapy & Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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6
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Gonzales CB, De La Chapa JJ, Saikumar P, Singha PK, Dybdal-Hargreaves NF, Chavez J, Horning AM, Parra J, Kirma NB. Co-targeting ALK and EGFR parallel signaling in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2018; 59:12-19. [PMID: 27424178 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) comprises 90% of all head and neck cancers and has a poor survival rate due to late-stage disease that is refractive to traditional therapies. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is over-expressed in greater than 80% of head and neck SCC (HNSCC). However, EGFR targeted therapies yielded little to no efficacy in clinical trials. This study investigated the efficacy of co-targeting EGFR and the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) whose promoter is hypomethylated in late-stage oral SCC (OSCC). We observed increased ALK activity in late-stage human OSCC tumors and invasive OSCC cell lines. We also found that while ALK inhibition alone had little effect on proliferation, co-targeting ALK and EGFR significantly reduced OSCC cell proliferation in vitro. Further analysis showed significant efficacy of combined treatment in HSC3-derived xenografts resulting in a 30% decrease in tumor volumes by 14days (p<0.001). Western blot analysis showed that co-targeting ALK and EGFR significantly reduced EGFR phosphorylation (Y1148) in HSC3 cells but not Cal27 cells. ALK and EGFR downstream signaling interactions are also demonstrated by Western blot analysis in which lone EGFR and ALK inhibitors attenuated AKT activity whereas co-targeting ALK and EGFR completely abolished AKT activation. No effects were observed on ERK1/2 activation. STAT3 activity was significantly induced by lone ALK inhibition in HSC3 cells and to a lower extent in Cal27 cells. Together, these data illustrate that ALK inhibitors enhance anti-tumor activity of EGFR inhibitors in susceptible tumors that display increased ALK expression, most likely through abolition of AKT activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara B Gonzales
- Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Comprehensive Dentistry, UTHSCSA Dental School, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | - Jeffery Chavez
- Biochemistry, UTHSCSA Medical School, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Aaron M Horning
- Molecular Medicine, UTHSCSA Medical School, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Jamie Parra
- Pathology, UTHSCSA Medical School, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Nameer B Kirma
- Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Molecular Medicine, UTHSCSA Medical School, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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7
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Dasari R, De Carvalho A, Medellin DC, Middleton KN, Hague F, Volmar MNM, Frolova LV, Rossato MF, De La Chapa JJ, Dybdal-Hargreaves NF, Pillai A, Mathieu V, Rogelj S, Gonzales CB, Calixto JB, Evidente A, Gautier M, Munirathinam G, Glass R, Burth P, Pelly SC, van Otterlo WAL, Kiss R, Kornienko A. Synthetic and Biological Studies of Sesquiterpene Polygodial: Activity of 9-Epipolygodial against Drug-Resistant Cancer Cells. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:2014-26. [PMID: 26434977 PMCID: PMC4831215 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Polygodial, a terpenoid dialdehyde isolated from Polygonum hydropiper L., is a known agonist of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1). In this investigation a series of polygodial analogues were prepared and investigated for TRPV1-agonist and anticancer activities. These experiments led to the identification of 9-epipolygodial, which has antiproliferative potency significantly exceeding that of polygodial. 9-Epipolygodial was found to maintain potency against apoptosis-resistant cancer cells as well as those displaying the multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotype. In addition, the chemical feasibility for the previously proposed mechanism of action of polygodial, involving the formation of a Paal-Knorr pyrrole with a lysine residue on the target protein, was demonstrated by the synthesis of a stable polygodial pyrrole derivative. These studies reveal rich chemical and biological properties associated with polygodial and its direct derivatives. These compounds should inspire further work in this area aimed at the development of new pharmacological agents, or the exploration of novel mechanisms of covalent modification of biological molecules with natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Dasari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
| | - Annelise De Carvalho
- Laboratoire de Cancérologie et de Toxicologie Expérimentale, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Derek C Medellin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
| | - Kelsey N Middleton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
| | - Frédéric Hague
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80000, Amiens, France
| | - Marie N M Volmar
- Neurosurgical Research, University Clinics Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Liliya V Frolova
- Departments of Chemistry and Biology, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, 801 Leroy Place, Socorro, NM, 87801, USA
| | - Mateus F Rossato
- Center of Innovation and Preclinical Studies, Av. Luiz Boiteux Piazza 1302, Cachoeira do Bom Jesus, Florianópolis, SC, 88056-000, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Jorge J De La Chapa
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Nicholas F Dybdal-Hargreaves
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Akshita Pillai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, 1601 Parkview Ave., Rockford, IL, 61107, USA
| | - Véronique Mathieu
- Laboratoire de Cancérologie et de Toxicologie Expérimentale, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Snezna Rogelj
- Departments of Chemistry and Biology, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, 801 Leroy Place, Socorro, NM, 87801, USA
| | - Cara B Gonzales
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - João B Calixto
- Center of Innovation and Preclinical Studies, Av. Luiz Boiteux Piazza 1302, Cachoeira do Bom Jesus, Florianópolis, SC, 88056-000, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Antonio Evidente
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Mathieu Gautier
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80000, Amiens, France
| | - Gnanasekar Munirathinam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, 1601 Parkview Ave., Rockford, IL, 61107, USA
| | - Rainer Glass
- Neurosurgical Research, University Clinics Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Patricia Burth
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n Campus do Valonguinho, Centro-Niterói, RJ, 24020-140, Brazil
| | - Stephen C Pelly
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Willem A L van Otterlo
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Robert Kiss
- Laboratoire de Cancérologie et de Toxicologie Expérimentale, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alexander Kornienko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA.
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8
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Dasari R, De Carvalho A, Medellin DC, Middleton KN, Hague F, Volmar MNM, Frolova LV, Rossato MF, De La Chapa JJ, Dybdal-Hargreaves NF, Pillai A, Kälin RE, Mathieu V, Rogelj S, Gonzales CB, Calixto JB, Evidente A, Gautier M, Munirathinam G, Glass R, Burth P, Pelly SC, van Otterlo WAL, Kiss R, Kornienko A. Wittig derivatization of sesquiterpenoid polygodial leads to cytostatic agents with activity against drug resistant cancer cells and capable of pyrrolylation of primary amines. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 103:226-37. [PMID: 26360047 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Many types of cancer, including glioma, melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), among others, are resistant to proapoptotic stimuli and thus poorly responsive to current therapies based on the induction of apoptosis in cancer cells. The current investigation describes the synthesis and anticancer evaluation of unique C12-Wittig derivatives of polygodial, a sesquiterpenoid dialdehyde isolated from Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Delabre. These compounds were found to undergo an unprecedented pyrrole formation with primary amines in a chemical model system, a reaction that could be relevant in the biological environment and lead to the pyrrolation of lysine residues in the target proteins. The anticancer evaluation of these compounds revealed their promising activity against cancer cells displaying various forms of drug resistance, including resistance to proapoptotic agents. Mechanistic studies indicated that compared to the parent polygodial, which displays fixative general cytotoxic action against human cells, the C12-Wittig derivatives exerted their antiproliferative action mainly through cytostatic effects explaining their activity against apoptosis-resistant cancer cells. The possibility for an intriguing covalent modification of proteins through a novel pyrrole formation reaction, as well as useful activities against drug resistant cancer cells, make the described polygodial-derived chemical scaffold an interesting new chemotype warranting thorough investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Dasari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
| | - Annelise De Carvalho
- Laboratoire de Cancérologie et de Toxicologie Expérimentale, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Derek C Medellin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
| | - Kelsey N Middleton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
| | - Frédéric Hague
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Marie N M Volmar
- Neurosurgical Research, University Clinics Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Liliya V Frolova
- Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Tech, 801 Leroy Place, Socorro, NM 87801, USA; Department of Biology, New Mexico Tech, 801 Leroy Place, Socorro, NM 87801, USA
| | - Mateus F Rossato
- Center of Innovation and Preclinical Studies, Luiz Boiteux Piazza 1302, Cachoeira do Bom Jesus, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, UFSC, Florianópolis SC 88.056-000, Brazil
| | - Jorge J De La Chapa
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, Cancer Therapy and Research Center, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | | | - Akshita Pillai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois, College of Medicine, 1601 Parkview Ave, Rockford, IL 61107, USA
| | - Roland E Kälin
- Neurosurgical Research, University Clinics Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Véronique Mathieu
- Laboratoire de Cancérologie et de Toxicologie Expérimentale, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Snezna Rogelj
- Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Tech, 801 Leroy Place, Socorro, NM 87801, USA; Department of Biology, New Mexico Tech, 801 Leroy Place, Socorro, NM 87801, USA
| | - Cara B Gonzales
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, Cancer Therapy and Research Center, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - João B Calixto
- Center of Innovation and Preclinical Studies, Luiz Boiteux Piazza 1302, Cachoeira do Bom Jesus, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, UFSC, Florianópolis SC 88.056-000, Brazil
| | - Antonio Evidente
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Mathieu Gautier
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Gnanasekar Munirathinam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois, College of Medicine, 1601 Parkview Ave, Rockford, IL 61107, USA
| | - Rainer Glass
- Neurosurgical Research, University Clinics Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Patricia Burth
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n° Campus do Valonguinho, Centro-Niterói, RJ 24020-140, Brazil
| | - Stephen C Pelly
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Willem A L van Otterlo
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Robert Kiss
- Laboratoire de Cancérologie et de Toxicologie Expérimentale, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alexander Kornienko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA.
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Gonzales CB, Chen H, De La Chapa JJ, Kirma NB. Abstract 3582: Epidermal growth factor receptor and anaplastic lymphoma kinase bypass signaling in oral squamous cell carcinoma in vivo. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-3582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an insidious disease with poor prognosis. This is due to invasive disease that is refractive to conventional therapies. We reported a gene-set of hypomethylated loci in metastatic OSCC involved in Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) signaling. EGFR over-expression is an early event in OSCC however therapies targeting EGFR have had dismal results. Our studies showed hypomethylation of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) correlates with metastatic OSCC. ALK and EGFR signaling drive glioblastoma and non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). Furthermore, NSCLC that develop resistance to ALK inhibition demonstrate activation of EGFR bypass signaling. Based upon these findings, we hypothesize that simultaneous targeting of both ALK and EGFR in OSCC will yield greater anti-tumor activity than single drug therapies. Our objective was to assess expression and activation of EGFR and ALK signaling pathways in response to therapies targeting EGFR and/or ALK in vitro and in mouse OSCC xenograft models. Expression of total and activated EGFR and ALK was analyzed in HSC3 cells (invasive) and SCC4 cells (non-invasive) using western blot analysis. Effects on downstream signaling molecules (AKT, STAT3, and RAS) were also evaluated following treatments with TAE684 (ALK inhibitor) and/or Gefitinib (EGFR inhibitor). Anti-tumor effects of TAE684 and/or Gefitinib were evaluated in mouse OSCC xenograft models using HSC3 and SCC4 cell lines. This study revealed that HSC3 and SCC4 cell lines have unique growth, invasion, and signaling profiles resulting in varying responses to treatments targeting ALK and/or EGFR. HSC3 cells express ALK and have active EGFR whereas SCC4 cells have low ALK expression and low EGFR activity. Subsequently, HSC3 xenografts were sensitive to Gefitinib and co-targeting ALK resulted in an additive effect. Targeting ALK alone had no effect on tumor growth. Similar to NSCLC, western blot analysis revealed that ALK inhibition alone induces increased activation of EGFR bypass signaling in both HSC3 and SCC4 cells. In contrast SCC4 xenografts failed to respond to TAE684 and/or Gefitinib treatments. Co-treatment with TAE684 and Gefitinib down regulated the already low EGFR activity. Downstream effector molecules AKT and STAT3 had reduced activity in response to co-treatments in both HSC3 and SCC4 cell lines. Conversely, MAPK activity increased with all treatments in both cell lines. Therefore, we conclude that OSCC with active EGFR and ALK signaling are responsive to combination treatments targeting ALK and EGFR resulting in more efficacious anti-tumor effects than single drug therapies. Furthermore, single anti-ALK therapy induces compensatory EGFR activation and has no effect on tumor growth. Additional parallel pathways may account for elevated MAPK activity in response to all treatments and warrants further investigation.
Citation Format: Cara B. Gonzales, Heping Chen, Jorge J. De La Chapa, Nameer B. Kirma. Epidermal growth factor receptor and anaplastic lymphoma kinase bypass signaling in oral squamous cell carcinoma in vivo. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3582. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3582
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Gonzales CB, Kirma NB, De La Chapa JJ, Chen R, Henry MA, Luo S, Hargreaves KM. Vanilloids induce oral cancer apoptosis independent of TRPV1. Oral Oncol 2014; 50:437-47. [PMID: 24434067 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2013.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanisms of vanilloid cytotoxicity and anti-tumor effects in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemistry and qPCR analyses demonstrated expression of the TRP vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) receptor in OSCC. Using cell proliferation assays, calcium imaging, and three mouse xenograft models, prototypical vanilloid agonist (capsaicin) and antagonist (capsazepine) were evaluated for cytotoxic and anti-tumor effects in OSCC. RESULTS OSCC cell lines treated with capsaicin displayed significantly reduced cell viability. Pre-treatment with capsazepine failed to reverse these effects. Moreover, capsazepine alone was significantly cytotoxic to tumor cells, suggesting the mechanism-of-action is independent of TRPV1 activation. This was further confirmed by calcium imaging indicating that TRPV1 channels are not functional in the cell lines tested. We then examined whether the observed vanilloid cytotoxicity was due to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent apoptosis. Induction of ROS was confirmed by flow cytometry and reversed by co-treatment with the antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC). NAC also significantly reversed vanilloid cytotoxicity in cell proliferation assays. Dose-dependent induction of apoptosis with capsazepine treatment was demonstrated by FACS analyses and c-PARP expression in treated cells. Our in vivo xenograft studies showed that intra-tumoral injections of capsazepine exhibited high effectiveness in suppressing tumor growth with no identifiable toxicities. CONCLUSIONS These findings confirm TRPV1 channel expression in OSCC. However anti-tumor effects of vanilloids are independent of TRPV1 activation and are most likely due to ROS induction and subsequent apoptosis. Importantly, these studies demonstrate capsazepine is a potential therapeutic candidate for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara B Gonzales
- Cancer Therapy and Research Center, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Comprehensive Dentistry, UTHSCSA Dental School, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Nameer B Kirma
- Cancer Therapy and Research Center, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Molecular Medicine, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | | | - Richard Chen
- Comprehensive Dentistry, UTHSCSA Dental School, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Michael A Henry
- Endodontics, UTHSCSA Dental School, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Songjiang Luo
- Comprehensive Dentistry, UTHSCSA Dental School, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Kenneth M Hargreaves
- Endodontics, UTHSCSA Dental School, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Pharmacology, UTHSCSA Dental School, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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