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Gili JA, López-Camelo JS, Nembhard WN, Bakker M, de Walle HEK, Stallings EB, Kancherla V, Contiero P, Dastgiri S, Feldkamp ML, Nance A, Gatt M, Martínez L, Canessa MA, Groisman B, Hurtado-Villa P, Källén K, Landau D, Lelong N, Morgan M, Arteaga-Vázquez J, Pierini A, Rissmann A, Sipek A, Szabova E, Wertelecki W, Zarante I, Canfield MA, Mastroiacovo P. Analysis of early neonatal case fatality rate among newborns with congenital hydrocephalus, a 2000-2014 multi-country registry-based study. Birth Defects Res 2022; 114:631-644. [PMID: 35633200 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital hydrocephalus (CH) comprises a heterogeneous group of birth anomalies with a wide-ranging prevalence across geographic regions and registry type. The aim of the present study was to analyze the early neonatal case fatality rate (CFR) and total birth prevalence of newborns diagnosed with CH. METHODS Data were provided by 25 registries from four continents participating in the International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Surveillance and Research (ICBDSR) on births ascertained between 2000 and 2014. Two CH rates were calculated using a Poisson distribution: early neonatal CFR (death within 7 days) per 100 liveborn CH cases (CFR) and total birth prevalence rate (BPR) per 10,000 births (including live births and stillbirths) (BPR). Heterogeneity between registries was calculated using a meta-analysis approach with random effects. Temporal trends in CFR and BPR within registries were evaluated through Poisson regression modeling. RESULTS A total of 13,112 CH cases among 19,293,280 total births were analyzed. The early neonatal CFR was 5.9 per 100 liveborn cases, 95% confidence interval (CI): 5.4-6.8. The CFR among syndromic cases was 2.7 times (95% CI: 2.2-3.3) higher than among non-syndromic cases (10.4% [95% CI: 9.3-11.7] and 4.4% [95% CI: 3.7-5.2], respectively). The total BPR was 6.8 per 10,000 births (95% CI: 6.7-6.9). Stratified by elective termination of pregnancy for fetal anomalies (ETOPFA), region and system, higher CFR were observed alongside higher BPR rates. The early neonatal CFR and total BPR did not show temporal variation, with the exception of a CFR decrease in one registry. CONCLUSIONS Findings of early neonatal CFR and total BPR were highly heterogeneous among registries participating in ICBDSR. Most registries with higher CFR also had higher BPR. Differences were attributable to type of registry (hospital-based vs. population-based), ETOPFA (allowed yes or no) and geographical regions. These findings contribute to the understanding of regional differences of CH occurrence and early neonatal deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Gili
- ECLAMC, Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas (CEMIC-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto Académico Pedagógico de Ciencias Humanas, Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Wendy N Nembhard
- Department of Epidemiology, Arkansas Center for Birth Defects Research and Prevention and Arkansas Reproductive Health Monitoring System, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Marian Bakker
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, EUROCAT Northern Netherlands, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hermien E K de Walle
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, EUROCAT Northern Netherlands, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erin B Stallings
- Metro Atlanta Congenital Defects Program (MACDP), Division of Birth Defects and Infant Disorders, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Vijaya Kancherla
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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- As listed in http://www.fundacion1000.es/Estructura-del-ECEMC for year 2021, Spain
| | - Paolo Contiero
- Lombardy Congenital Anomalies Registry, Cancer Registry Unit, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Saeed Dastgiri
- Health Services Management Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Marcia L Feldkamp
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Amy Nance
- Utah Birth Defect Network, Bureau of Children with Special Health Care Needs, Division of Family Health and Preparedness, Utah Department of Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Miriam Gatt
- Malta Congenital Anomalies Registry, Directorate for Health Information and Research, Tal-Pietà, Malta
| | - Laura Martínez
- Genetics Department, Hospital Universitario Dr. José E. González, Universidad Autonóma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - María Aurora Canessa
- Regional Register Congenital Malformation Maule Health Service (RRMC-SSM), Maule, Chile
| | - Boris Groisman
- National Network of Congenital Anomalies of Argentina (RENAC), National Center of Medical Genetics, National Administration of Laboratories and Health Institutes (ANLIS), National Ministry of Health and Social Development, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Hurtado-Villa
- Department of Basic Sciences of Health, School of Health, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Cali, Colombia
| | - Karin Källén
- National Board of Health and Welfare, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Danielle Landau
- Department of Neonatology, Soroka Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Nathalie Lelong
- Université de Paris, CRESS Obstetrical, Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (EPOPé), INSERM, INRA, Paris, France
| | - Margery Morgan
- CARIS, The Congenital Anomaly Register for Wales, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, Wales, UK
| | - Jazmín Arteaga-Vázquez
- Department of Genetics, RYVEMCE, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico
| | - Anna Pierini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council and Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Tuscany Registry of Congenital Defects, Pisa, Italy
| | - Anke Rissmann
- Medical Faculty, Malformation Monitoring Centre Saxony-Anhalt, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Antonin Sipek
- Department of Medical Genetics, Thomayer University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Elena Szabova
- Slovak Teratologic Information Centre (FPH), Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | | | - Ignacio Zarante
- Human Genetics Institute, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Mark A Canfield
- Birth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Pierpaolo Mastroiacovo
- International Center on Birth Defects, International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Surveillance and Research, Rome, Italy
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Gili JA, Poletta FA, Giménez LG, Pawluk MS, Campaña H, Castilla EE, López-Camelo JS. Descriptive analysis of high birth prevalence rate geographical clusters of congenital anomalies in South America. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 106:257-66. [PMID: 26887535 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The birth prevalence rate (BPR) of congenital anomalies (CAs) is heterogeneous and exhibits geographical and sociocultural variations throughout the world. In South America (SA), high birth prevalence regions of congenital anomalies have been observed. The aim of this study was to identify, describe, and characterize geographical clusters of congenital anomalies in SA. METHODS This observational descriptive study is based on clinical epidemiological data registered by the Latin-American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations network. Between 1995 and 2012, a total of 25,082 malformed newborns were ascertained from 2,557,424 births at 129 hospitals in SA. The spatial scan statistic was used to determine geographical regions with high BPR of CAs. The BPR was obtained with a Poisson regression model. Odds ratios were estimated for several risk factors inside the geographical clusters. RESULTS We confirmed the existence of high BPR regions of CAs in SA. Indicators of low socioeconomic conditions, such as a low maternal education, extreme age childbearing, infectious diseases, and medicine use during pregnancy were detected as risk factors inside these regions. Native and African ancestries with high frequency of consanguineous marriages could explain partially these high BPR clusters. CONCLUSION The recognition of clusters could be a starting point in the identification of susceptibility genes associated with the occurrence of CA in high BPR regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Gili
- Estudio Colaborativo Latinoamericano de Malformaciones Congénitas-ECLAMC, Laboratorio de Epidemiologia Genética, Dirección de Investigación, CEMIC-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Adrián Poletta
- Estudio Colaborativo Latinoamericano de Malformaciones Congénitas-ECLAMC, Laboratorio de Epidemiologia Genética, Dirección de Investigación, CEMIC-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Estudio Colaborativo Latinoamericano de Malformaciones Congénitas-ECLAMC, Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucas Gabriel Giménez
- Estudio Colaborativo Latinoamericano de Malformaciones Congénitas-ECLAMC, Laboratorio de Epidemiologia Genética, Dirección de Investigación, CEMIC-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela Soledad Pawluk
- Estudio Colaborativo Latinoamericano de Malformaciones Congénitas-ECLAMC, Laboratorio de Epidemiologia Genética, Dirección de Investigación, CEMIC-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hebe Campaña
- Estudio Colaborativo Latinoamericano de Malformaciones Congénitas-ECLAMC, Laboratorio de Epidemiologia Genética, Dirección de Investigación, CEMIC-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Enrique Castilla
- Estudio Colaborativo Latinoamericano de Malformaciones Congénitas-ECLAMC, Laboratorio de Epidemiologia Genética, Dirección de Investigación, CEMIC-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Estudio Colaborativo Latinoamericano de Malformaciones Congénitas-ECLAMC, Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jorge Santiago López-Camelo
- Estudio Colaborativo Latinoamericano de Malformaciones Congénitas-ECLAMC, Laboratorio de Epidemiologia Genética, Dirección de Investigación, CEMIC-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Estudio Colaborativo Latinoamericano de Malformaciones Congénitas-ECLAMC, Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Gili JA, Poletta FA, Campaña H, Comas B, Pawluk M, Rittler M, López-Camelo JS. Is Gravidity 4+ a Risk Factor for Oral Clefts? A Case-Control Study in Eight South American Countries Using Structural Equation Modeling. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2013; 50:591-6. [DOI: 10.1597/11-320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is disagreement about the association between cleft lip with or without cleft palate and multigravidity, which could be explained by differences of adjusting for maternal age, Amerindian ancestry, and socioeconomic status. Objective The aim was to evaluate gravidity 4+ (four or more gestations) as a risk factor for cleft lip with or without cleft palate in South America. Design We used a matched (1:1) case-control study with structural equation modeling for related causes. Data were obtained from 1,371,575 consecutive newborn infants weighing ≥500 g who were born in the hospitals of the Estudio Colaborativo Latinoamericano de Malformaciones Congénitas (ECLAMC) network between 1982 and 1999. There were a total of 1,271 cases with cleft lip with or without cleft palate (excluding midline and atypical cleft lip with or without cleft palate). A total of 1,227 case-control pairs were obtained, matched by maternal age, newborn gender, and year and place of birth. Potential confounders and intermediary variables were analyzed with structural equation modeling. Results The crude risk of gravidity 4+ was 1.41 and the 95% confidence interval was 1.14 to 1.61. When applying structural equation modeling, the effect of multigravidity on the risk of cleft lip with or without cleft palate was 1.22 and the 95% confidence interval was 0.91 to 1.39. Conclusions Multigravid mothers (more than four gestations) showed no greater risk of bearing children who had cleft lip with or without cleft palate than mothers with two or three births. Therefore, the often observed and reported association between multigravidity and oral clefts likely reflects the effect of other risk factors related to low socioeconomic status in South American populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hebe Campaña
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE-CONICET), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Belén Comas
- Hospital Materno Infantil Ramón Sardá, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela Pawluk
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE-CONICET), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Monica Rittler
- Hospital Materno Infantil Ramón Sardá, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Orioli IM, Lima do Nascimento R, López-Camelo JS, Castilla EE. Effects of folic acid fortification on spina bifida prevalence in Brazil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 91:831-5. [PMID: 21630426 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.20830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2010] [Revised: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess spina bifida birth prevalence changes after folic acid fortification of wheat and maize flours began in Brazil in June 2004. METHODS Cross-sectional study of Brazilian live births in 2004 and 2006. Spina bifida birth prevalence from the Live Births Information System (SINASC: Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos) in a prefortified period was compared to a period fortified with folic acid in each state. Observed prevalence rates in 2004 were used to calculate the expected prevalence rates in 2006 under the null hypothesis that both were similar. The observed/expected (O/E) ratios were tested by two-tailed Z-test. To minimize ascertainment differences among states, the O/E ratio of each one of the 27 Brazilian states was adjusted for the number of births with the Mantel-Haenszel statistic. RESULTS The reduction in spina bifida birth prevalence in 2006 was 39% (O/E = 0.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.55-0.67), and 40% (O/E = 0.60; 95% CI, 0.53-0.68), after adjusting for state birth number. This reduction was significant (p < 0.0001), and heterogeneous among states (χ(2) = 72.96; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Using SINASC data, there was a significant reduction in spina bifida birth prevalence in Brazil, probably related to the folic acid food fortification program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iêda Maria Orioli
- Estudio Colaborativo Latino Americano de Malformaciones Congénitas, at Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro.
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Castilla EE, López-Camelo JS, Campaña H, Rittler M. Epidemiological methods to assess the correlation between industrial contaminants and rates of congenital anomalies. Mutat Res 2001; 489:123-45. [PMID: 11741032 DOI: 10.1016/s1383-5742(01)00067-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present knowledge of epidemiological methods, applied to assess the correlation between industrial contaminants and rates of congenital anomalies is reviewed. The concept of congenital anomalies may be extended to include other adverse reproductive outcomes, such as malformations, infant mortality, stillbirths, spontaneous abortions, intrauterine growth retardation, ectopic pregnancies, multiple births, altered secondary sex ratio, and parental sub-fertility. The review of occupational exposures associated with congenital anomalies indicated: (1) inconsistency of the reported associations; (2) more positive than negative associations; (3) solvents are the best studied, and the most frequently reported teratogenic chemicals; (4) common congenital anomalies are the most frequently studied diagnostic categories, while other defects are grouped into larger categories, with little biological meaning. The review of environmental exposures indicated that: (1) single-site studies outnumber multi-site ones; (2) results are heterogeneous; (3) congenital anomalies are, in general, unspecific, and grouped into large categories, such as those defined by anatomic systems. Recent developments in molecular biology anticipate the possibility to measure exposures directly, instead of by different "proxies", as well as to analyze the genetic predisposition for the teratogenic response to given environmental agents. The strategy of building up large banks of biological materials has already started in several birth defects registries. The following procedural guidelines to assess the teratogenicity of a pollutant are recommended: (1) strength of the association; (2) consistency of findings in different studies; (3) specificity of the association; (4) time-exposure relationship; (5) existence of a dose-response gradient between exposure and disease occurrence; (6) biological plausibility; (7) coherence of the evidence with natural history of the disease; (8) experimental (or quasi-experimental) evidence and (9) reasoning by analogy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Castilla
- ECLAMC: Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations, WHO Collaborating Center for the Prevention of Birth Defects; ECLAMC at IMBICE: Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Celular, La Plata, Argentina.
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Gadow EC, Jennings VH, López-Camelo JS, Paz JE, da Graça Dutra M, Leguizamón G, Simpson JL, Queenan JT, Castilla EE. Knowledge of likely time of ovulation and contraceptive use in unintended pregnancies. Adv Contracept 2000; 15:109-18. [PMID: 10997893 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006793509084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This investigation analyzed social and demographic characteristics of women having an unwanted or mistimed pregnancy (unintended pregnancies at the current time) in South America. A sample of 5135 women having had a normal non-malformed live-born infant were interviewed immediately postpartum at 18 hospitals participating in the Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations (Spanish acronym: ECLAMC). Half (2568/5135 = 50%) reported that their pregnancies had been unintended, and, of those, 59.3% (1522/2568 = 59.3%) declared that they were trying to avoid conception. The latter group (n = 1522) was the main sample for this study. Patients were asked about their knowledge of when during the menstrual cycle conception is most likely to occur, their biomedical and social characteristics, the type of contraceptive methods used, their opinion of reasons for contraceptive failure, and their reasons for not using contraceptive methods. Among women with unintended pregnancies who attempted to avoid conception, only 61.6% were using contraceptive methods. Reasons given for not using contraceptives included health problems, lack of knowledge and lack of access to contraception. Women with unintended pregnancies who had not attempted to avoid conception were younger, often primigravid, less educated, and less knowledgeable concerning when during the cycle pregnancy is most likely to occur. Thus, reproductive health policies should be aimed at this target group.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Gadow
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology: CEMIC, Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine, Buenos Aires University, Argentina
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Bianchi NO, Catanesi CI, Bailliet G, Martinez-Marignac VL, Bravi CM, Vidal-Rioja LB, Herrera RJ, López-Camelo JS. Characterization of ancestral and derived Y-chromosome haplotypes of New World native populations. Am J Hum Genet 1998; 63:1862-71. [PMID: 9837838 PMCID: PMC1377657 DOI: 10.1086/302141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyze the allelic polymorphisms in seven Y-specific microsatellite loci and a Y-specific alphoid system with 27 variants (alphah I-XXVII), in a total of 89 Y chromosomes carrying the DYS199T allele and belonging to populations representing Amerindian and Na-Dene linguistic groups. Since there are no indications of recurrence for the DYS199C-->T transition, it is assumed that all DYS199T haplotypes derive from a single individual in whom the C-->T mutation occurred for the first time. We identified both the ancestral founder haplotype, 0A, of the DYS199T lineage and seven derived haplogroups diverging from the ancestral one by one to seven mutational steps. The 0A haplotype (5.7% of Native American chromosomes) had the following constitution: DYS199T, alphah II, DYS19/13, DYS389a/10, DYS389b/27, DYS390/24, DYS391/10, DYS392/14, and DYS393/13 (microsatellite alleles are indicated as number of repeats). We analyzed the Y-specific microsatellite mutation rate in 1,743 father-son transmissions, and we pooled our data with data in the literature, to obtain an average mutation rate of.0012. We estimated that the 0A haplotype has an average age of 22,770 years (minimum 13,500 years, maximum 58,700 years). Since the DYS199T allele is found with high frequency in Native American chromosomes, we propose that 0A is one of the most prevalent founder paternal lineages of New World aborigines.
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Affiliation(s)
- N O Bianchi
- Institute Multidisciplinario de Biologìa Celular, La Plata, Argentina
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Gadow EC, Paz JE, López-Camelo JS, Dutra MG, Queenan JT, Simpson JL, Jennings VH, Castilla EE. Unintended pregnancies in women delivering at 18 South American hospitals. NFP-ECLAMC Group. Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations. Hum Reprod 1998; 13:1991-5. [PMID: 9740463 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/13.7.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Unintended pregnancies are accepted as associated with social, maternal and perinatal risks, but few data exist in South America. In a selected network of hospitals participating in the ECLAMC (Spanish acronym for Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations), the frequency of unintended pregnancies was 49.8% in 5155 mothers of normal liveborns, as interviewed in the post-partum period (1992-1994). Compared with the intended pregnancy group, these mothers were more frequently multiparous, conceived easily, had a surprisingly higher mean maternal age, lower educational level, and Black ancestors. The frequency of mistimed pregnancies was the highest among primiparae. No adverse perinatal outcome could be found with regard to low birthweight (< 2500 g), prematurity (< 37 weeks), and early neonatal death. The rates of Caesarean delivery, twinning and sex ratio were similar in intended and unintended groups. Logistic regression analysis showed that maternal education could be a confounding factor associated with other maternal variables. The rate of unintended pregnancies in the present study is significantly higher than that described for other regions. Knowledge of the characteristics of women experiencing unintended pregnancies would allow proper public health strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Gadow
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, CEMIC, Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine Buenos Aires University, Argentina
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Testoni MI, López-Camelo JS, Bianchi MS, Bianchi NO. Enhancement of chromosome aberrations by the combination of DNA substitution with halogenated deoxyuridine and streptonigrin treatments. Mutat Res 1996; 359:31-7. [PMID: 8569800 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-1161(96)90007-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We treated CHO cells with streptonigrin (SN) alone, in combination with BrdUrd or IdUrd substitution, and with or without the addition of caffeine. The cells assessed for chromosome damage by SN were in the G2 period and the magnitude of the damage was expressed as monosubstituted chromatid breaks, bisubstituted chromatid breaks and boundary regions breaks (boundary regions indicate the point of exchange of mono- and bisubstituted chromatids). We found that the combination of BrdUrd or IdUrd substitution with SN treatments produced a remarkable increase in the frequency of breaks over the frequencies observed with the halogenated compound only. The effect was more evident with IdUrd than with BrdUrd, and more dramatic in bisubstituted than in monosubstituted chromatids. The frequency of boundary breaks in cells treated with BrdUrd plus SN was similar to the frequency of breaks in monosubstituted chromatids treated similarly. Conversely, the damage in boundary regions was almost similar to that in bisubstituted chromatids in cells challenged with IdUrd plus SN. The addition of caffeine to BrdUrd-substituted chromosomes gave rise to a marked enhancement of breakages with a gradient of chromatid damage that was: bisubstituted > monosubstituted > boundary regions. A further increase of chromatin breaks maintaining the gradient indicated above was obtained when the cells were treated with BrdUrd plus SN plus caffeine. We propose that BrdUrd and IdUrd substitution alone or in combination with caffeine treatments and with SN in its capacity to bind DNA, give rise to different chromatin structures capable of modulating the DNA damage induced along the chromatin fibril by the active oxygen species liberated by SN-DNA complexes.
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