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Cobo-Ibáñez T, Urruticoechea-Arana A, Rúa-Figueroa I, Martín-Martínez MA, Ovalles-Bonilla JG, Galindo M, Calvo-Alén J, Olivé A, Fernández-Nebro A, Menor-Almagro R, Tomero E, Horcada L, Uriarte-Itzazelaia E, Martínez-Taboada VM, Andreu JL, Boteanu A, Narváez J, Bohorquez C, Montilla C, Santos G, Hernández-Cruz B, Vela P, Salgado E, Freire M, Hernández-Beriain JÁ, Díez-Álvarez E, Expósito L, Fernández-Berrizbeitia O, Velloso-Feijoo ML, Ibáñez-Barceló M, Lozano-Rivas N, Bonilla G, Moreno M, Raya E, Quevedo-Vila VE, Vázquez-Rodríguez TR, Ibáñez-Ruan J, Muñoz-Fernández S, Sánchez-Alonso F, Pego-Reigosa JM. Hormonal Dependence and Cancer in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2020; 72:216-224. [PMID: 31529686 DOI: 10.1002/acr.24068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the incidence and analyze any cancer-associated factors in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), differentiating between hormone-sensitive (HS) and non-HS cancers. METHODS This was a retrospective multicenter study of a patient cohort from the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Registry of the Spanish Society of Rheumatology. Included were the first cancer post-SLE diagnosis, clinical and sociodemographic information, cumulative damage, severity, comorbidities, treatments, and refractoriness. Cancers were classified as HS (prostate, breast, endometrium, and ovarian) and non-HS (the remainder). The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was calculated and logistic regression models were built. RESULTS A total of 3,539 patients (90.4% women) were included, 154 of whom had cancer (91% female), and 44 had HS cancer (100% female). The cancer SIR was 1.37 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.15-1.59), with higher values in women age <65 years (SIR 2.38 [95% CI 1.84-2.91]). The SIR in women with HS versus non-HS cancer was 1.02 (95% CI 0.13-1.91) and 1.93 (95% CI 0.98-2.89). In HS versus non-HS cancers, SLE diagnostic age (odds ratio [OR] 1.04 [P = 0.002] versus 1.04 [P = 0.019]), and period of disease evolution (OR 1.01 [P < 0.001] versus 1.00 [P = 0.029]) were associated with cancer. The Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index (OR 1.27 [P = 0.022]) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor prescriptions (OR 2.87 [P = 0.048]) were associated with non-HS cancers. CONCLUSION Cancer incidence in patients with SLE was higher than in the Spanish population, particularly among young women. This increase might be due to non-HS cancers, which would be associated with SLE involving greater cumulative damage where more ACE inhibitors are prescribed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jaime Calvo-Alén
- Hospital Universitario Araba, Universidad del País Vasco, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Alejandro Olivé
- Hospital Universitario Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Eva Tomero
- Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - José Luis Andreu
- Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paloma Vela
- Hospital General Universitario Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain
| | - Eva Salgado
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Orense, Orense, Spain
| | - Mercedes Freire
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Enrique Raya
- Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - José María Pego-Reigosa
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
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Hernández Cruz B, Alonso F, Calvo Alén J, Pego-Reigosa JM, López-Longo FJ, Galindo-Izquierdo M, Olivé A, Tomero E, Horcada L, Uriarte E, Erausquin C, Sánchez-Atrio A, Montilla C, Santos Soler G, Fernández-Nebro A, Blanco R, Rodríguez-Gómez M, Vela P, Freire M, Díez-Álvarez E, Boteanu AL, Narváez J, Martínez Taboada V, Ruiz-Lucea E, Andreu JL, Fernández-Berrizbeitia O, Hernández-Beriain JÁ, Gantes M, Pérez-Venegas JJ, Ibáñez-Barceló M, Pecondón-Español Á, Marras C, Bonilla G, Castellví I, Moreno M, Raya E, Quevedo Vila VE, Vázquez T, Ruán JI, Muñoz S, Rúa-Figueroa Í. Differences in clinical manifestations and increased severity of systemic lupus erythematosus between two groups of Hispanics: European Caucasians versus Latin American mestizos (data from the RELESSER registry). Lupus 2019; 29:27-36. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203319889667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is regarded as a prototype autoimmune disease because it can serve as a means for studying differences between ethnic minorities and sex. Traditionally, all Hispanics have been bracketed within the same ethnic group, but there are differences between Hispanics from Spain and those from Latin America, not to mention other Spanish-speaking populations. Objectives This study aimed to determine the demographic and clinical characteristics, severity, activity, damage, mortality and co-morbidity of SLE in Hispanics belonging to the two ethnic groups resident in Spain, and to identify any differences. Methods This was an observational, multi-centre, retrospective study. The demographic and clinical variables of patients with SLE from 45 rheumatology units were collected. The study was conducted in accordance with Good Clinical Practice guidelines. Hispanic patients from the registry were divided into two groups: Spaniards or European Caucasians (EC) and Latin American mestizos (LAM). Comparative univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were carried out. Results A total of 3490 SLE patients were included, 90% of whom were female; 3305 (92%) EC and 185 (5%) LAM. LAM patients experienced their first lupus symptoms four years earlier than EC patients and were diagnosed and included in the registry younger, and their SLE was of a shorter duration. The time in months from the first SLE symptoms to diagnosis was longer in EC patients, as were the follow-up periods. LAM patients exhibited higher prevalence rates of myositis, haemolytic anaemia and nephritis, but there were no differences in histological type or serositis. Anti-Sm, anti-Ro and anti-RNP antibodies were more frequently found in LAM patients. LAM patients also had higher levels of disease activity, severity and hospital admissions. However, there were no differences in damage index, mortality or co-morbidity index. In the multivariate analysis, after adjusting for confounders, in several models the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for a Katz severity index >3 in LAM patients was 1.45 (1.038–2.026; p = 0.02). This difference did not extend to activity levels (i.e. SLEDAI >3; 0.98 (0.30–1.66)). Conclusion SLE in Hispanic EC patients showed clinical differences compared to Hispanic LAM patients. The latter more frequently suffered nephritis and higher severity indices. This study shows that where lupus is concerned, not all Hispanics are equal.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hernández Cruz
- Rheumatology Department, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | - F Alonso
- Research Unit, Spanish Society of Rheumatology, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Calvo Alén
- Rheumatology Department, Araba University Hospital, Vitoria, Spain
| | - J M Pego-Reigosa
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospital Complex, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - F J López-Longo
- Rheumatology Department, Gregorio Marañón University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - A Olivé
- Rheumatology Department, Germans Trías i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - E Tomero
- Rheumatology Department, La Princesa University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Horcada
- Rheumatology Department, Navarra Hospital, Navarra, Spain
| | - E Uriarte
- Rheumatology Department, Donosti Hospital, Guipuzcoa, Spain
| | - C Erausquin
- Rheumatology Department, Dr Negrín University Hospital, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - A Sánchez-Atrio
- Rheumatology Department, Príncipe de Asturias University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Montilla
- Rheumatology Department, Salamanca Clinic University Hospital, Salamanca, Spain
| | - G Santos Soler
- Rheumatology Department, Marina Baixa Hospital, Alicante, Spain
| | - A Fernández-Nebro
- Rheumatology Department, Carlos Haya University Hospital, Malaga, Spain
| | - R Blanco
- Rheumatology Department, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain
| | - M Rodríguez-Gómez
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Complex of Ourense, Ourense, Spain
| | - P Vela
- Rheumatology Department, Alicante General Hospital, Alicante, Spain
| | - M Freire
- Rheumatology Department, Juan Canalejo University Hospital, La Coruña, Spain
| | | | - A L Boteanu
- Rheumatology Department, Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Narváez
- Rheumatology Department, Bellvitge Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - V Martínez Taboada
- Rheumatology Department, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain
| | - E Ruiz-Lucea
- Rheumatology Department, Basurto Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
| | - JL Andreu
- Rheumatology Department, Puerta del Hierro-Majadahonda Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - M Gantes
- Rheumatology Department, Tenerife Clinic Hospital, Tenerife, Spain
| | - J J Pérez-Venegas
- Rheumatology Department, Jerez de la Frontera University Hospital, Cadiz, Spain
| | | | - Á Pecondón-Español
- Rheumatology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - C Marras
- Rheumatology Department, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - G Bonilla
- Rheumatology Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Castellví
- Rheumatology Unit, L’Alt Penedés District Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Moreno
- Rheumatology Department, Parc Taulí Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Raya
- Rheumatology Department, San Cecilio Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | | | - T Vázquez
- Rheumatology Department, Lucus Augusti Hospital, Lugo, Spain
| | - J Ibáñez Ruán
- Rheumatology Unit, POVISA Medical Centre, Vigo, Spain
| | - S Muñoz
- Rheumatology Service, Infanta Sofía University Hospital, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid, Spain
| | - Í Rúa-Figueroa
- Rheumatology Department, Doctor Negrín University Hospital of Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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Rúa-Figueroa Í, López-Longo J, Galindo-Izquierdo M, Calvo-Alén J, Del Campo V, Olivé-Marqués A, Pérez-Vicente S, Fernández-Nebro A, Andrés M, Erausquin C, Tomero E, Horcada L, Uriarte E, Freire M, Montilla C, Sánchez-Atrio A, Santos G, Boteanu A, Díez-Álvarez E, Narváez J, Martínez-Taboada V, Silva-Fernández L, Ruiz-Lucea E, Andreu JL, Hernández-Beriain JÁ, Gantes M, Hernández-Cruz B, Pérez-Venegas J, Pecondón-Español Á, Marras C, Ibáñez-Barceló M, Bonilla G, Torrente V, Castellví I, Alegre JJ, Calvet J, Marenco JL, Raya E, Vázquez T, Quevedo V, Muñoz-Fernández S, Rodríguez-Gómez M, Ibáñez J, Pego-Reigosa JM. Incidence, associated factors and clinical impact of severe infections in a large, multicentric cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2017; 47:38-45. [PMID: 28259425 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate the incidence of severe infection and investigate the associated factors and clinical impact in a large systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) retrospective cohort. METHODS All patients in the Spanish Rheumatology Society Lupus Registry (RELESSER) who meet ≥4 ACR-97 SLE criteria were retrospectively investigated for severe infections. Patients with and without infections were compared in terms of SLE severity, damage, comorbidities, and demographic characteristics. A multivariable Cox regression model was built to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) for the first infection. RESULTS A total of 3658 SLE patients were included: 90% female, median age 32.9 years (DQ 9.7), and mean follow-up (months) 120.2 (±87.6). A total of 705 (19.3%) patients suffered ≥1 severe infection. Total severe infections recorded in these patients numbered 1227. The incidence rate was 29.2 (95% CI: 27.6-30.9) infections per 1000 patient years. Time from first infection to second infection was significantly shorter than time from diagnosis to first infection (p < 0.000). Although respiratory infections were the most common (35.5%), bloodstream infections were the most frequent cause of mortality by infection (42.0%). In the Cox regression analysis, the following were all associated with infection: age at diagnosis (HR = 1.016, 95% CI: 1.009-1.023), Latin-American (Amerindian-Mestizo) ethnicity (HR = 2.151, 95% CI: 1.539-3.005), corticosteroids (≥10mg/day) (HR = 1.271, 95% CI: 1.034-1.561), immunosuppressors (HR = 1.348, 95% CI: 1.079-1.684), hospitalization by SLE (HR = 2.567, 95% CI: 1.905-3.459), Katz severity index (HR = 1.160, 95% CI: 1.105-1.217), SLICC/ACR damage index (HR = 1.069, 95% CI: 1.031-1.108), and smoking (HR = 1.332, 95% CI: 1.121-1.583). Duration of antimalarial use (months) proved protective (HR = 0.998, 95% CI: 0.997-0.999). CONCLUSIONS Severe infection constitutes a predictor of poor prognosis in SLE patients, is more common in Latin-Americans and is associated with age, previous infection, and smoking. Antimalarials exerted a protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Íñigo Rúa-Figueroa
- Rheumatology Department, Doctor Negrín University Hospital Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Bco. de la Ballena s/n, 35020 Las Palmas, Spain.
| | - Javier López-Longo
- Rheumatology Department, Gregorio Marañón University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jaime Calvo-Alén
- Rheumatology Department, Sierrallana Hospital, Torrelavega, Spain
| | - Víctor Del Campo
- Preventive Medicine Service, Biomedical Research Institute of Vigo (IBIV), University Hospital Complex of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | | | - Sabina Pérez-Vicente
- Statistical Department, Research Unit, Spanish Society of Rheumatology (SER), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Mariano Andrés
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Celia Erausquin
- Rheumatology Department, Doctor Negrín University Hospital Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Bco. de la Ballena s/n, 35020 Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Eva Tomero
- Rheumatology Department, La Princesa University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Loreto Horcada
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Esther Uriarte
- Rheumatology Department, Donostia Hospital, Donostia, Guipuzcoa, Spain
| | - Mercedes Freire
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospital Complex of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Carlos Montilla
- Rheumatology Department, Salamanca University Hospital, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ana Sánchez-Atrio
- System Diseases and Oncology Service, Príncipe de Asturias University Hospital Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gregorio Santos
- Rheumatology Department, Marina Baixa Hospital, Alicante, Spain
| | - Alina Boteanu
- Rheumatology Department, Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Javier Narváez
- Rheumatology Department, Bellvitge Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - José Luis Andreu
- Rheumatology Department, Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Marian Gantes
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospital of Canarias, Tenerife, Spain
| | | | - José Pérez-Venegas
- Rheumatology Department, Jerez de la Frontera University Hospital, Cádiz, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Marras
- Rheumatology Department, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Gema Bonilla
- Rheumatology Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Torrente
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital of Hospitalet-Moisés Broggi CSI, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iván Castellví
- Rheumatology Unit, Santa Creu i Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Joan Calvet
- Rheumatology Department, Parc Taulí Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Marenco
- Rheumatology Department, Virgen de Valme University Hospital, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Enrique Raya
- Rheumatology Department, San Cecilio Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Tomás Vázquez
- Rheumatology Department, Lucus Augusti Hospital, Lugo, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Jesús Ibáñez
- Rheumatology Unit, POVISA Medical Center, Vigo, Spain
| | - José M Pego-Reigosa
- Rheumatology Department, Biomedical Research Institute of Vigo (IBIV), University Hospital Complex of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
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Pego-Reigosa JM, Lois-Iglesias A, Rúa-Figueroa Í, Galindo M, Calvo-Alén J, de Uña-Álvarez J, Balboa-Barreiro V, Ibáñez Ruan J, Olivé A, Rodríguez-Gómez M, Fernández Nebro A, Andrés M, Erausquin C, Tomero E, Horcada Rubio L, Uriarte Isacelaya E, Freire M, Montilla C, Sánchez-Atrio AI, Santos-Soler G, Zea A, Díez E, Narváez J, Blanco-Alonso R, Silva-Fernández L, Ruiz-Lucea ME, Fernández-Castro M, Hernández-Beriain JÁ, Gantes-Mora M, Hernández-Cruz B, Pérez-Venegas J, Pecondón-Español Á, Marras Fernández-Cid C, Ibáñez-Barcelo M, Bonilla G, Torrente-Segarra V, Castellví I, Alegre JJ, Calvet J, Marenco de la Fuente JL, Raya E, Vázquez-Rodríguez TR, Quevedo-Vila V, Muñoz-Fernández S, Otón T, Rahman A, López-Longo FJ. Relationship between damage clustering and mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus in early and late stages of the disease: cluster analyses in a large cohort from the Spanish Society of Rheumatology Lupus Registry. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2016; 55:1243-50. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kew049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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Rúa-Figueroa Í, Richi P, López-Longo FJ, Galindo M, Calvo-Alén J, Olivé-Marqués A, Loza-Santamaría E, Vicente SP, Erausquin C, Tomero E, Horcada L, Uriarte E, Sánchez-Atrio A, Rosas J, Montilla C, Fernández-Nebro A, Rodríguez-Gómez M, Vela P, Blanco R, Freire M, Silva L, Díez-Álvarez E, Ibáñez-Barceló M, Zea A, Narváez J, Martínez-Taboada V, Marenco JL, de Castro MF, Fernández-Berrizbeitia O, Hernández-Beriain JÁ, Gantes M, Hernández-Cruz B, Pérez-Venegas JJ, Pecondón Á, Marras C, Carreira P, Bonilla G, Torrente V, Castellví I, Alegre J, Moreno M, Raya E, de la Peña PG, Vázquez T, Aguirre Á, Quevedo V, Pego-Reigosa JM. Comprehensive description of clinical characteristics of a large systemic lupus erythematosus cohort from the Spanish Rheumatology Society Lupus Registry (RELESSER) with emphasis on complete versus incomplete lupus differences. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e267. [PMID: 25569641 PMCID: PMC4602842 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by multiple organ involvement and pronounced racial and ethnic heterogeneity. The aims of the present work were (1) to describe the cumulative clinical characteristics of those patients included in the Spanish Rheumatology Society SLE Registry (RELESSER), focusing on the differences between patients who fulfilled the 1997 ACR-SLE criteria versus those with less than 4 criteria (hereafter designated as incomplete SLE (iSLE)) and (2) to compare SLE patient characteristics with those documented in other multicentric SLE registries.RELESSER is a multicenter hospital-based registry, with a collection of data from a large, representative sample of adult patients with SLE (1997 ACR criteria) seen at Spanish rheumatology departments. The registry includes demographic data, comprehensive descriptions of clinical manifestations, as well as information about disease activity and severity, cumulative damage, comorbidities, treatments and mortality, using variables with highly standardized definitions.A total of 4.024 SLE patients (91% with ≥4 ACR criteria) were included. Ninety percent were women with a mean age at diagnosis of 35.4 years and a median duration of disease of 11.0 years. As expected, most SLE manifestations were more frequent in SLE patients than in iSLE ones and every one of the ACR criteria was also associated with SLE condition; this was particularly true of malar rash, oral ulcers and renal disorder. The analysis-adjusted by gender, age at diagnosis, and disease duration-revealed that higher disease activity, damage and SLE severity index are associated with SLE [OR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.08-1.20 (P < 0.001); 1.29; 95% CI: 1.15-1.44 (P < 0.001); and 2.10; 95% CI: 1.83-2.42 (P < 0.001), respectively]. These results support the hypothesis that iSLE behaves as a relative stable and mild disease. SLE patients from the RELESSER register do not appear to differ substantially from other Caucasian populations and although activity [median SELENA-SLEDA: 2 (IQ: 0-4)], damage [median SLICC/ACR/DI: 1 (IQ: 0-2)], and severity [median KATZ index: 2 (IQ: 1-3)] scores were low, 1 of every 4 deaths was due to SLE activity.RELESSER represents the largest European SLE registry established to date, providing comprehensive, reliable and updated information on SLE in the southern European population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Íñigo Rúa-Figueroa
- From the Doctor Negrín University Hospital of Gran Canaria, Las Palmas GC, Las Plamas, Spain (ÍRF); Rheumatology Department Hospital Infanta Sofía, Madrid Spain (PR); Rheumatology Department Gregorio Marañón University Hospital, Madrid Spain (FJLL); Rheumatology Department Doce de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid Spain (MG); Rheumatology Department Sierrallana Hospital, Torrelavega Spain (JCA); Rheumatology Department Germans Trías i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona Spain (AOM); Research Unit Spanish Society of Rheumatology, Madrid Spain (ELS); Statistical Department Research Unit. Spanish Society of Rheumatology (SER); Madrid Spain (SPV); Rheumatology Department Dr Negrin General Hospital, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain (CE); Rheumatology Department La Princesa University Hospital, Madrid Spain (ET); Rheumatology Department Navarra Hospital Spain (LH); Rheumatology Department Donosti Hospital, Guipuzcoa Spain (EU); Rheumatology Department Príncipe de Asturias University Hospital, Madrid, Spain (ASA); Rheumatology Department H Marina Baixa, Alicante Spain (JR); Rheumatology Department Salamanca Clinic University Hospital Spain (CM); Rheumatology Department Carlos Haya University Hospital, Málaga, Spain (AFN); Rheumatology Department Hospital Complex of Ourense, Ourense Spain (MRG); Rheumatology Department Alicante General Hospital, Alicante, Spain (PV); Rheumatology Department Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander Spain (RB); Rheumatology Department Juan Canalejo University Hospital, La Coruña Spain (MF); Rheumatology Department Guadalajara Hospital, Guadalajara Spain (LS); Rheumatology Department León Hospital, León Spain (EDÁ); Rheumatology Department Son Llatzer Hospital, Mallorca Spain (MIB); Rheumatology Department Ramon y Cajal, University Hospital, Madrid Spain (AZ); Rheumatology Department Bellvitge Hospital, Barcelona, Spain (JN); Rheumatology Department Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander Spain (VMT); Rheumatology Department Valme Hospital, Sevilla Spain, (JLM); Rheumatology Department Puerta del Hierro-Majadahonda Hospital, Madrid Spain (MFC); Rheumatology Department Basurto Hospital, Basurto Spain (OFB); Rheumatology Department Hospital Insular of Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria Spain (JÁH); Rheumatology Department Tenerife Clinic Hospital, Tenerife Spain (MG); Rheumatology Department Virgen Macarena Hospital, Sevilla Spain (BHC); Rheumatology Department Jerez de la Frontera University Hospital, Cádiz Spain (JJPV); Rheumatology Department Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza Spain (ÁP); Rheumatology Department Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia Spain (CM); Rheumatology Department Doce de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid Spain (PC); Rheumatology Department La Paz University Hospital, Madrid Spain (GB); MD, Rheumatology Department Hospitalet General Hospital, Hospitalet, Barcelona Spain (VT); Rheumatology Unit L'Alt Penedés District Hospital Spain (IC); Rheumatology Department Dr. Peset Hospital, Valencia Spain (JA); Rheumatology Department Parc Taulí Hospital, Barcelona Spain (MM); Rheumatology Department San Cecilio Hospital, Granada Spain (ER); Rheumatology Department Hospital Universitario Sanchinarro, Madrid Spain (PGP); Rheumatology Department Lucus Augusti, Kugo Spain (TV); Rheumatology Department Reina Sofía University Hospital, Cordoba Spain (ÁA); Rheumatology Unit Monforte Hospital, Lugo Spain (VQ); University Hospital Complex, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Vigo(IBIV) (Spain) Alto do Meixoeiro s/n, 36200 Vigo Spain (JMPR)
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