Adipose Tissue Mitochondrial Factors Profile after Dietary Bioactive Compound Weight Reduction Treatments in a Mice Obesity Model

Prolonged caloric intake above energy needs disturbs the body's ability to store and manage the excess of energy intake, leading to the onset of chronic degenerative diseases. This study aimed to compare the effect of three foods, which contain demonstrated bioactive compounds in the treatment of obesity and as an adjuvant in obesity energy restriction treatments. In a mice obesity model induced through a high-fat diet; fish oil, soluble fibre, and soy were incorporated to evaluate its capacity to modulate metabolic factors in adipose tissue during a continued fat intake or weight reduction through a normocaloric diet. As a result, fish oil improved mitochondrial related, adipose tissue hormone expression, and oxidation products when high-fat diets are consumed; while soluble fibre improved glucose and inflammation pathways during high-fat diet intake. In weight reduction treatments few differential features, as a treatment adjuvant, were observed for fish oil and soy; while soluble fibre was able to improve the weight reduction effects induced by a normocaloric diet. As a conclusion, soluble fibre supplementation compared to an energy reduction program, was the only treatment able to induce a significant additional effect in the improvement of weight loss and adipose tissue metabolism.

A prognostic score to identify low-risk outpatients with acute deep vein thrombosis in the upper extremity

BACKGROUND

No studies have identified which patients with upper-extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT) are at low risk for adverse events within the first week of therapy.

METHODS

We used data from Registro Informatizado de la Enfermedad TromboEmbólica to explore in patients with upper-extremity DVT a prognostic score that correctly identified patients with lower limb DVT at low risk for pulmonary embolism, major bleeding, or death within the first week.

RESULTS

As of December 2014, 1135 outpatients with upper-extremity DVT were recruited. Of these, 515 (45%) were treated at home. During the first week, three patients (0.26%) experienced pulmonary embolism, two (0.18%) had major bleeding, and four (0.35%) died. We assigned 1 point to patients with chronic heart failure, creatinine clearance levels 30-60 mL min(-1) , recent bleeding, abnormal platelet count, recent immobility, or cancer without metastases; 2 points to those with metastatic cancer; and 3 points to those with creatinine clearance levels < 30 mL min(-1) . Overall, 759 (67%) patients scored ≤ 1 point and were considered to be at low risk. The rate of the composite outcome within the first week was 0.26% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.004-0.87) in patients at low risk and 1.86% (95% CI 0.81-3.68) in the remaining patients. C-statistics was 0.73 (95% CI 0.57-0.88). Net reclassification improvement was 22%, and integrated discrimination improvement was 0.0055.

CONCLUSIONS

Using six easily available variables, we identified outpatients with upper-extremity DVT at low risk for adverse events within the first week. These data may help to safely treat more patients at home.

The nanophthalmic macula

AIMS

To define an unusual macular appearance found in association with nanophthalmos.

METHODS

A case review.

RESULTS

Seven children (aged 8 months to 17 years) with nanophthalmos were examined. They all exhibited the same clinical findings of an unusual yellow macula appearance with retinal folds and crowded optic discs. Visual electrophysiology performed in four cases was normal.

CONCLUSION

A distinctive yellow macular pigmentation with associated chorioretinal folds and crowded optic discs is present in nanophthalmos. It is proposed that the retinal folds are due to a disparity between scleral and retinal growth while the macula discoloration is due to a congenital abnormality in arrangement or position of the luteal pigment and is not degenerative. Included in this case series is the second case in the literature of nanophthalmos associated with Kenny's syndrome. Inheritance of nanophthalmos appears to be autosomal recessive.