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Lima PJM, da Silva RM, Neto CACG, Gomes E Silva NC, Souza JEDS, Nunes YL, Sousa Dos Santos JC. An overview on the conversion of glycerol to value-added industrial products via chemical and biochemical routes. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2022; 69:2794-2818. [PMID: 33481298 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Glycerol is a common by-product of industrial biodiesel syntheses. Due to its properties, availability, and versatility, residual glycerol can be used as a raw material in the production of high value-added industrial inputs and outputs. In particular, products like hydrogen, propylene glycol, acrolein, epichlorohydrin, dioxalane and dioxane, glycerol carbonate, n-butanol, citric acid, ethanol, butanol, propionic acid, (mono-, di-, and triacylglycerols), cynamoil esters, glycerol acetate, benzoic acid, and other applications. In this context, the present study presents a critical evaluation of the innovative technologies based on the use of residual glycerol in different industries, including the pharmaceutical, textile, food, cosmetic, and energy sectors. Chemical and biochemical catalysts in the transformation of residual glycerol are explored, along with the factors to be considered regarding the choice of catalyst route used in the conversion process, aiming at improving the production of these industrial products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Jéssyca Morais Lima
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Rhonyele Maciel da Silva
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Natan Câmara Gomes E Silva
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - José Erick da Silva Souza
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável - IEDS, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção, CE, Brazil
| | - Yale Luck Nunes
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - José Cleiton Sousa Dos Santos
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.,Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável - IEDS, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção, CE, Brazil
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Nunes YL, de Menezes FL, de Sousa IG, Cavalcante ALG, Cavalcante FTT, da Silva Moreira K, de Oliveira ALB, Mota GF, da Silva Souza JE, de Aguiar Falcão IR, Rocha TG, Valério RBR, Fechine PBA, de Souza MCM, Dos Santos JCS. Chemical and physical Chitosan modification for designing enzymatic industrial biocatalysts: How to choose the best strategy? Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 181:1124-1170. [PMID: 33864867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan is one of the most abundant natural polymer worldwide, and due to its inherent characteristics, its use in industrial processes has been extensively explored. Because it is biodegradable, biocompatible, non-toxic, hydrophilic, cheap, and has good physical-chemical stability, it is seen as an excellent alternative for the replacement of synthetic materials in the search for more sustainable production methodologies. Thus being, a possible biotechnological application of Chitosan is as a direct support for enzyme immobilization. However, its applicability is quite specific, and to overcome this issue, alternative pretreatments are required, such as chemical and physical modifications to its structure, enabling its use in a wider array of applications. This review aims to present the topic in detail, by exploring and discussing methods of employment of Chitosan in enzymatic immobilization processes with various enzymes, presenting its advantages and disadvantages, as well as listing possible chemical modifications and combinations with other compounds for formulating an ideal support for this purpose. First, we will present Chitosan emphasizing its characteristics that allow its use as enzyme support. Furthermore, we will discuss possible physicochemical modifications that can be made to Chitosan, mentioning the improvements obtained in each process. These discussions will enable a comprehensive comparison between, and an informed choice of, the best technologies concerning enzyme immobilization and the application conditions of the biocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yale Luck Nunes
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 940, CEP 60455760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Fernando Lima de Menezes
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 940, CEP 60455760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Isamayra Germano de Sousa
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção CEP 62790970, CE, Brazil
| | - Antônio Luthierre Gama Cavalcante
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 940, CEP 60455760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Katerine da Silva Moreira
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, Fortaleza CEP 60455760, CE, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Barros de Oliveira
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, Fortaleza CEP 60455760, CE, Brazil
| | - Gabrielly Ferreira Mota
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção CEP 62790970, CE, Brazil
| | - José Erick da Silva Souza
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção CEP 62790970, CE, Brazil
| | - Italo Rafael de Aguiar Falcão
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção CEP 62790970, CE, Brazil
| | - Thales Guimaraes Rocha
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção CEP 62790970, CE, Brazil
| | - Roberta Bussons Rodrigues Valério
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 940, CEP 60455760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Pierre Basílio Almeida Fechine
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 940, CEP 60455760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristiane Martins de Souza
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção CEP 62790970, CE, Brazil
| | - José C S Dos Santos
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção CEP 62790970, CE, Brazil; Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, Fortaleza CEP 60455760, CE, Brazil.
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