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Rodríguez-Ibarra C, Medina-Reyes EI, Déciga-Alcaraz A, Delgado-Buenrostro NL, Quezada-Maldonado EM, Ispanixtlahuatl-Meráz O, Ganem-Rondero A, Flores-Flores JO, Vázquez-Zapién GJ, Mata-Miranda MM, López-Marure R, Pedraza-Chaverri J, García-Cuéllar CM, Sánchez-Pérez Y, Chirino YI. Food grade titanium dioxide accumulation leads to cellular alterations in colon cells after removal of a 24-hour exposure. Toxicology 2022; 478:153280. [PMID: 35973603 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide food grade (E171) is one of the most used food additives containing nanoparticles. Recently, the European Food Safety Authority indicated that E171 could no longer be considered safe as a food additive due to the possibility of it being genotoxic and there is evidence that E171 administration exacerbates colon tumor formation in murine models. However, less is known about the effects of E171 accumulation once the exposure stopped, then we hypothesized that toxic effects could be detected even after E171 removal. Therefore, we investigated the effects of E171 exposure after being removed from colon cell cultures. Human colon cancer cell line (HCT116) was exposed to 0, 1, 10 and 50 μg/cm2 of E171. Our results showed that in the absence of cytotoxicity, E171 was accumulated in the cells after 24 of exposure, increasing granularity and reactive oxygen species, inducing alterations in the molecular pattern of nucleic acids and lipids, and causing nuclei enlargement, DNA damage and tubulin depolymerization. After the removal of E171, colon cells were cultured for 48 h more hours to analyze the ability to restore the previously detected alterations. As we hypothesized, the removal of E171 was unable to revert the alterations found after 24 h of exposure in colon cells. In conclusion, exposure to E171 causes alterations that cannot be reverted after 48 h if E171 is removed from colon cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Rodríguez-Ibarra
- Laboratorio de Carcinogénesis y Toxicología, Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla de Baz CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Estefany I Medina-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Carcinogénesis y Toxicología, Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla de Baz CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Déciga-Alcaraz
- Atmospheric Organic Aerosol Chemical Speciation Group, Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 70228, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Norma Laura Delgado-Buenrostro
- Laboratorio de Carcinogénesis y Toxicología, Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla de Baz CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Ericka Marel Quezada-Maldonado
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando No. 22, CP 14080 Ciudad de México, Tlalpan, Mexico
| | - Octavio Ispanixtlahuatl-Meráz
- Laboratorio de Carcinogénesis y Toxicología, Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla de Baz CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Adriana Ganem-Rondero
- División de Estudios de Posgrado (Tecnología Farmacéutica), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. 1° de Mayo s/n, Cuautitlán Izcalli CP 54740, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - José Ocotlán Flores-Flores
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gustavo J Vázquez-Zapién
- Laboratorio de Embriología, Escuela Militar de Medicina, Centro Militar de Ciencias de la Salud, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, Cerrada de Palomas S/N, Lomas de San Isidro, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, CP 11200 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Mónica M Mata-Miranda
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Tisular, Escuela Militar de Medicina, Centro Militar de Ciencias de la Salud, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, Cerrada de Palomas S/N, Lomas de San Isidro, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, CP 11200 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rebeca López-Marure
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Claudia M García-Cuéllar
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando No. 22, CP 14080 Ciudad de México, Tlalpan, Mexico
| | - Yesennia Sánchez-Pérez
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando No. 22, CP 14080 Ciudad de México, Tlalpan, Mexico
| | - Yolanda I Chirino
- Laboratorio de Carcinogénesis y Toxicología, Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla de Baz CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico.
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Arroyo-Maya IJ, Rodiles-López JO, Cornejo-Mazón M, Gutiérrez-López GF, Hernández-Arana A, Toledo-Núñez C, Barbosa-Cánovas GV, Flores-Flores JO, Hernández-Sánchez H. Effect of different treatments on the ability of α-lactalbumin to form nanoparticles. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:6204-14. [PMID: 22939794 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-5103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles of bovine α-lactalbumin (α-LA) prepared by desolvation and glutaraldehyde crosslinking are promising carriers for bioactive compounds in foods. The objective of this work was to study the effect of changes in hydrophobic interactions by using different desolvating agents (acetone, ethanol, or isopropanol) and the use of a heat or high-pressure treatment step before the desolvation process on the size, structure, and properties of α-LA nanoparticles. In all cases, a high average particle yield of 99.63% was obtained. Smaller sizes (152.3 nm) can be obtained with the use of acetone as the desolvating agent and without any pretreatment. This is the first time that α-LA nanoparticles in the size range of 100 to 200 nm have been obtained. These nanoparticles, with an isoelectric point of 3.61, are very stable at pH values >4.8, based on their ζ-potential, although their antioxidant activity is weak. The use of the desolvating agent with the smallest polarity index (isopropanol) produced the largest particles (293.4 to 324.9 nm) in all cases. These results support the idea that controlling hydrophobic interactions is a means to control the size of α-LA nanoparticles. No effect of pretreatment on nanoparticle size could be detected. All types of nanoparticles were easily degraded by the proteolytic enzymes assayed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I J Arroyo-Maya
- Departamento de Graduados e Investigación en Alimentos, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carpio y Plan de Ayala, CP. 11340, México, DF, México
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