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Lazzari J, Isola JVV, Szambelan VL, Menegazzi G, Busanello M, Rovani MT, Sarubbi J, Schmitt E, Ferreira R, Gonçalves PBD, Gasperin BG, Mondadori RG. Thermoregulatory response of black or red lactating Holstein cows in the hot and cold season in southern Brazil. J Therm Biol 2024; 121:103833. [PMID: 38527387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Dairy cows in pasture-based systems are more susceptible to heat stress. Holstein cows have the black or red phenotypes, the latter having lower absorbance of solar radiation. Therefore, the study's objective was to evaluate whether cows with red (R) coats are more resistant than black (B) cows to hot weather in a subtropical climate. R and B lactating Holstein cows were evaluated during the cold and hot seasons for internal and surface temperature and sweating rate. In the cold season, body temperature (n = 9/group) did not differ between groups, but the average superficial temperature (n = 13/group) was lower in R cows (B: 30.9 ± 0.3 °C; RW: 29.6 ± 0.3 °C; p = 0.02). In the hot season, under mild to moderate heat stress, mean body temperature (n = 9/group) of R cows was lower (B: 38.75 ± 0.01 °C; R: 38.62 ± 0.1 °C; p=<0.0001), whereas no difference was observed in superficial temperature (n = 17/group). The maximum internal temperature and sweating rate (n = 11/group), measured in the hot season, and the number of evaluations in hyperthermia in both seasons did not differ. Therefore, there were differences in thermoregulation between phenotypes under mild to moderate heat stress conditions. However, considering that only discrete differences were observed, the red and white coat is unlikely to benefit the Holstein cow's welfare under mild to moderate thermal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Lazzari
- Veterinary Medicine Graduate Program, Federal University of Pelotas, Av. Eliseu Maciel, Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil.
| | - José Victor Vieira Isola
- Aging & Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th St, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
| | - Vanessa Lambrecht Szambelan
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Independência, 3751, Palmeira Das Missões, RS, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel Menegazzi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agronomy, University of the Republic, Ruta 3 Km 363, Paysandú, Uruguay.
| | - Marcos Busanello
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, High Uruguay and Missions Regional Integrated University, Av. Assis Brasil, 709, Frederico Westphalen, RS, Brazil.
| | - Monique Tomazele Rovani
- Department of Animal Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Sarubbi
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Independência, 3751, Palmeira Das Missões, RS, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Schmitt
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, Federal University of Pelotas, Av. Eliseu Maciel, Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil.
| | - Rogerio Ferreira
- Department of Animal Science, Santa Catarina State University, Av. Luiz de Camões, 2090, Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
| | | | - Bernardo Garziera Gasperin
- Department of Animal Pathology, Federal University of Pelotas, Av. Eliseu Maciel, Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil.
| | - Rafael Gianella Mondadori
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Pelotas, Av. Eliseu Maciel, Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil.
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Filipini VT, Isola JVV, Neves AP, Barbosa MR, Wienke BCDS, Scherer NP, Fontoura Júnior JASD. Simulation model for bull:cow ratio in beef cattle. Braz J Vet Res Anim Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2020.164061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The most used reproduction method in beef cattle in Brazil is natural breeding, which corresponds to 84% of calves born. Breeders adopt the bull:cow ratio of 1:25, which results in a sub utilization of bulls, making natural breeding antieconomic and underestimating the reproductive ability of competent bulls. The bull:cow ratio is determined by several factors, such as climate and nutrition, but the most determining factor is the fertility of the bull, estimated with more precision through breeding soundness examination of bulls. The aim of this study was to develop a simulation model as an aid to choose the best bull:cow ratio according to the combination of the many factors that determine this ratio. It is a conceptual, empiric, static, and determinist model which, through the processing of the input data, simulates the best BCR. Developed on the Vensim PLE 6.1 software, the model describes variables related to bulls and cows. Two equations were generated to predict the mating potential of males. In the same way, according to the reproductive status of females, equations were generated to predict the cyclicity rate of the cows. The sum of these equations originated the one that determines BCR according to the reproductive status of females. This model might serve as a tool to support decisions as to the best BCR and could be used with several combinations of models´ characteristics.
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Isola JVV, Velasco Acosta DA, Bespalhok Jacometo C, Rincón JAA, Silveira PAS, Corrêa MN, Schneider A. Intrafollicular paraoxonase 1 activity and the steroidogenic potential of the first post-partum dominant follicle in dairy cows. Reprod Domest Anim 2019; 54:924-927. [PMID: 31004539 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cows experiencing high levels of inflammation and specific metabolic conditions tend to have slower follicular growth and lower serum and follicular concentrations of oestradiol (E2). Paraoxonase1 (PON1) activity decreases during inflammatory processes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the association between serum and intrafollicular (FF) PON1 activity and the serum and intrafollicular levels of E2 and progesterone (P4), as well as the mRNA expression of genes related to steroidogenesis, metabolism and inflammation in the first post-partum dominant follicle of Holstein cows. No correlation was found between PON1 activity, the expression of the analysed genes and levels of follicular E2 and P4, except for a negative correlation between serum E2 and follicular PO1 activity. Also, no correlation was found between serum and follicular PON1 during the first post-partum follicular wave.
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