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Lv X, Martin J, Hoover H, Joshi B, Wilkens M, Ullisch DA, Leibold T, Juchum JS, Revadkar S, Kalinovska B, Keith J, Truby A, Liu G, Sun E, Haserick J, DeGnore J, Conolly J, Hill AV, Baldoni J, Kensil C, Levey D, Spencer AJ, Gorr G, Findeis M, Tanne A. Chemical and biological characterization of vaccine adjuvant QS-21 produced via plant cell culture. iScience 2024; 27:109006. [PMID: 38361610 PMCID: PMC10867646 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Many vaccines, including those using recombinant antigen subunits, rely on adjuvant(s) to enhance the efficacy of the host immune responses. Among the few adjuvants clinically approved, QS-21, a saponin-based immunomodulatory molecule isolated from the tree bark of Quillaja saponaria (QS) is used in complex formulations in approved effective vaccines. High demand of the QS raw material as well as manufacturing scalability limitation has been barriers here. We report for the first-time successful plant cell culture production of QS-21 having structural, chemical, and biologic, properties similar to the bark extracted product. These data ensure QS-21 and related saponins are broadly available and accessible to drug developers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John S. Juchum
- Phyton Biotech LLC, 1503 Cliveden Avenue, Delta, BC V3M 6P7, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Adam Truby
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Adrian V.S. Hill
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | - Alexandra J. Spencer
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine & Wellbeing; Immune Health Program, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
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Morin E, Meier J, El Guennouni K, Moigne AM, Lebreton L, Rusch L, Valensi P, Conolly J, Cochard D. New evidence of broader diets for archaic Homo populations in the northwestern Mediterranean. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaav9106. [PMID: 30854435 PMCID: PMC6402852 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav9106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Investigating diet breadth is critical for understanding how archaic Homo populations, including Neanderthals, competed for seasonally scarce resources. The current consensus in Western Europe is that ungulates formed the bulk of the human diet during the Lower and Middle Paleolithic, while small fast prey taxa were virtually ignored. Here, we present a multisite taphonomic study of leporid assemblages from Southern France that supports frequent exploitation of small fast game during marine isotope stages 11 to 3. Along with recent evidence from Iberia, our results indicate that the consumption of small fast game was more common prior to the Upper Paleolithic than previously thought and that archaic hominins from the northwestern Mediterranean had broader diets than those from adjacent regions. Although likely of secondary importance relative to ungulates, the frequent exploitation of leporids documented here implies that human diet breadths were substantially more variable within Europe than assumed by current evolutionary models.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Morin
- Department of Anthropology, Trent University, DNA Block C, 2140 East Bank Drive, Peterborough, Ontario K9J 7B8, Canada
- Université de Bordeaux, PACEA, B18, UMR 5199, Allée Geoffroy St-Hilaire, CS50023, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France
| | - J. Meier
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology and Social Work, University of North Florida, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - K. El Guennouni
- Laboratoire de Préhistoire Nice Côte d’Azur, 15 boulevard Maurice Maeterlinck, 06300 Nice, France
| | - A.-M. Moigne
- UMR 7194 CNRS, Département de Préhistoire, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - L. Lebreton
- UMR 7194 CNRS, Département de Préhistoire, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - L. Rusch
- Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, UMR 7194 HNHP, Avenue Léon-Jean Grégory, 66720 Tautavel, France
| | - P. Valensi
- UMR 7194 CNRS, Musée de Préhistoire, 06690 Tourrette-Levens, France
| | - J. Conolly
- Department of Anthropology, Trent University, DNA Block C, 2140 East Bank Drive, Peterborough, Ontario K9J 7B8, Canada
| | - D. Cochard
- Université de Bordeaux, PACEA, B18, UMR 5199, Allée Geoffroy St-Hilaire, CS50023, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France
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Conolly J, Mankowski J, Mody S, Lukacz E, Kingston J. Paracervical compared with intracervical lidocaine for suction curettage without conscious sedation: a randomized controlled and blinded clinical trial. Contraception 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2012.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sanchez JL, Binn LN, Innis BL, Reynolds RD, Lee T, Mitchell-Raymundo F, Craig SC, Marquez JP, Shepherd GA, Polyak CS, Conolly J, Kohlhase KF. Epidemic of adenovirus-induced respiratory illness among US military recruits: epidemiologic and immunologic risk factors in healthy, young adults. J Med Virol 2001; 65:710-8. [PMID: 11745936 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.2095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Adenovirus (Ad)-induced acute respiratory illnesses resurged among civilian adults and selected military training populations in the United States during the late 1990s. We examined the epidemiologic and immunologic correlates of Ad-induced respiratory illnesses during a large outbreak at an Army basic training installation in southeast United States during a 9-day period in November 1997. A total of 79 recruits hospitalized with acute respiratory illnesses were evaluated during the outbreak period; confirmation of Ad infection by isolation of Ad-like cytopathic agents from throat cultures was detected in 71 (90%) of these patients. Serotyping of 19 (27%) of these 71 isolates identified the etiologic agent to be Ad type 4 (Ad4). In addition, 30 (81%) of 37 patients in whom paired sera were collected demonstrated significant increases (i.e., 4-fold or higher) in serum anti-Ad4 neutralizing antibodies. Anti-Ad4 immunity in new recruits was found to be very low (15 to 22%). A case-control study involving 66 of the 79 hospitalized cases and 189 non-ill controls from the same units was conducted. A lower risk of hospitalization for acute respiratory illnesses was documented for female recruits (odds ratio[OR] = 0.47, P <.05) whereas, a higher risk was noted for smokers (OR = 1.89, P <.05). Unit (training company) attack rates as high as 8 to 10% per week were documented and the outbreak quickly subsided after live, oral Ad types 4 and 7 vaccination was resumed in November 1997. Re-establishment of a military Ad vaccination program is critical for control of Ad-induced acute respiratory illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Sanchez
- Directorate of Epidemiology and Disease Surveillance and Clinical Preventive Medicine, US Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine (USACHPPM), Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, USA
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Krotov VP, Convertino V, Korol'kov VI, Latham R, Trambovetskiĭ EV, Fanton J, Crisman R, Truzhennikov AN, Evert D, Nosovskiĭ AM, Conolly J. [Heart functions in monkeys during a 2-week antiorthostatic hypokinesia]. Fiziol Zh Im I M Sechenova 1996; 82:34-45. [PMID: 9162393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Dynamics of the left heart ventricular muscle contractility and compliance was studied in 4 monkeys in the head down position (antiorthostatic hypokinesia) with the body angle 10 during 2 weeks. Functional tests on a tilt table and under two conditions of centrifuge rotation were performed prior to and after the antiorthostatic hypokinesia. No changes in the left heart ventricular muscle contractility was found. However, the sensitivity level of the baroreflex control decreased. Compliance of the left heart myocardial fibre increased in the first hours and days of the antiorthostatic hypokinesia.
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