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Powell K, Wadolowski S, Tambo W, Strohl JJ, Kim D, Turpin J, Al-Abed Y, Brines M, Huerta PT, Li C. Intrinsic diving reflex induces potent antioxidative response by activation of NRF2 signaling. bioRxiv 2024:2024.02.12.579910. [PMID: 38405863 PMCID: PMC10888858 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.12.579910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Aims This study aims to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of diving reflex, a powerful endogenous mechanism supporting underwater mammalian survival. Antioxidative responses, observed in marine mammals, may be contributing factors. Using a multi-organ approach, this study assesses whether acute and chronic diving reflex activate nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2) signaling pathways, which regulate cellular antioxidant responses. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats ( n =38) underwent either a single diving session to elicit acute diving reflex, or daily diving sessions for 4-weeks to produce chronic diving reflex. NRF2 (total, nuclear, phosphorylated), NRF2-downstream genes, and malondialdehyde were assessed via Western blot, immunofluorescence, RT-PCR, and ELISA in brain, lung, kidney, and serum. Results Diving reflex increased nuclear NRF2, phosphorylated NRF2, and antioxidative gene expression, in an organ-specific and exposure time-specific manner. Comparing organs, the brain had the highest increase of phosphorylated NRF2 expression, while kidney had the highest degree of nuclear NRF2 expression. Comparing acute and chronic sessions, phosphorylated NRF2 increased the most with chronic diving reflex, but acute diving reflex had the highest antioxidative gene expression. Notably, calcitonin gene-related peptide appears to mediate diving reflex' effects on NRF2 activation. Conclusions Acute and chronic diving reflex activate potent NRF2 signaling in the brain and peripheral organs. Interestingly, acute diving reflex induces higher expression of downstream antioxidative genes compared to chronic diving reflex. This result contradicts previous assumptions requiring chronic exposure to diving for induction of antioxidative effects and implies that the diving reflex has a strong translational potential during preconditioning and postconditioning therapies. Key Points Diving reflex activates potent NRF2 signaling via multiple mechanisms, including phosphorylation, nuclear translocation, and KEAP1 downregulation with both acute and chronic exposure.Diving reflex activates NRF2 via differential pathways in the brain and other organs; phosphorylated NRF2 increases more in the brain, while nuclear NRF2 increases more in the peripheral organs.Acute diving reflex exposure induces a more pronounced antioxidative effect than chronic diving reflex exposure, indicating that the antioxidative response activated by diving reflex is not dependent upon chronic adaptive responses and supports diving reflex as both a preconditioning and postconditioning treatment.
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Lara-Vasquez A, Espinosa N, Morales C, Moran C, Billeke P, Gallagher J, Strohl JJ, Huerta PT, Fuentealba P. Dominance hierarchy regulates social behavior during spatial movement. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1237748. [PMID: 38384483 PMCID: PMC10879816 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1237748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Rodents establish dominance hierarchy as a social ranking system in which one subject acts as dominant over all the other subordinate individuals. Dominance hierarchy regulates food access and mating opportunities, but little is known about its significance in other social behaviors, for instance during collective navigation for foraging or migration. Here, we implemented a simplified goal-directed spatial task in mice, in which animals navigated individually or collectively with their littermates foraging for food. We compared between conditions and found that the social condition exerts significant influence on individual displacement patterns, even when efficient navigation rules leading to reward had been previously learned. Thus, movement patterns and consequent task performance were strongly dependent on contingent social interactions arising during collective displacement, yet their influence on individual behavior was determined by dominance hierarchy. Dominant animals did not behave as leaders during collective displacement; conversely, they were most sensitive to the social environment adjusting their performance accordingly. Social ranking in turn was associated with specific spontaneous neural activity patterns in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, with dominant mice showing higher firing rates, larger ripple oscillations, and stronger neuronal entrainment by ripples than subordinate animals. Moreover, dominant animals selectively increased their cortical spiking activity during collective movement, while subordinate mice did not modify their firing rates, consistent with dominant animals being more sensitive to the social context. These results suggest that dominance hierarchy influences behavioral performance during contingent social interactions, likely supported by the coordinated activity in the hippocampal-prefrontal circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Lara-Vasquez
- Centro Integrativo de Neurociencias y Departamento de Psiquiatría, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nelson Espinosa
- Centro Integrativo de Neurociencias y Departamento de Psiquiatría, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Morales
- Centro Integrativo de Neurociencias y Departamento de Psiquiatría, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Constanza Moran
- Centro Integrativo de Neurociencias y Departamento de Psiquiatría, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Billeke
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Social y Neuromodulación, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Joseph Gallagher
- Laboratory of Immune & Neural Networks, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Joshua J. Strohl
- Laboratory of Immune & Neural Networks, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Patricio T. Huerta
- Laboratory of Immune & Neural Networks, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Pablo Fuentealba
- Centro Integrativo de Neurociencias y Departamento de Psiquiatría, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigación en Nanotecnología y Materiales Avanzados – CIEN-UC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Lynch DG, Shah KA, Powell K, Wadolowski S, Tambo W, Strohl JJ, Unadkat P, Eidelberg D, Huerta PT, Li C. Neurobehavioral Impairments Predict Specific Cerebral Damage in Rat Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Transl Stroke Res 2023:10.1007/s12975-023-01180-2. [PMID: 37493939 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-023-01180-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a severe form of stroke that can cause unpredictable and diffuse cerebral damage, which is difficult to detect until it becomes irreversible. Therefore, there is a need for a reliable method to identify dysfunctional regions and initiate treatment before permanent damage occurs. Neurobehavioral assessments have been suggested as a possible tool to detect and approximately localize dysfunctional cerebral regions. In this study, we hypothesized that a neurobehavioral assessment battery could be a sensitive and specific method for detecting damage in discrete cerebral regions following SAH. To test this hypothesis, a behavioral battery was employed at multiple time points after SAH induced via an endovascular perforation, and brain damage was confirmed via postmortem histopathological analysis. Our results demonstrate that impairment of sensorimotor function accurately predict damage in the cerebral cortex (AUC 0.905; sensitivity 81.8%; specificity 90.9%) and striatum (AUC 0.913; sensitivity 90.1%; specificity 100%), while impaired novel object recognition is a more accurate indicator of damage to the hippocampus (AUC 0.902; sensitivity 74.1%; specificity 83.3%) than impaired reference memory (AUC 0.746; sensitivity 72.2%; specificity 58.0%). Tests for anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors predict damage to the amygdala (AUC 0.900; sensitivity 77.0%; specificity 81.7%) and thalamus (AUC 0.963; sensitivity 86.3%; specificity 87.8%), respectively. This study suggests that recurring behavioral testing can accurately predict damage in specific brain regions, which could be developed into a clinical battery for early detection of SAH damage in humans, potentially improving early treatment and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Lynch
- Translational Brain Research Laboratory, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Kevin A Shah
- Translational Brain Research Laboratory, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Keren Powell
- Translational Brain Research Laboratory, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Steven Wadolowski
- Translational Brain Research Laboratory, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Willians Tambo
- Translational Brain Research Laboratory, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Joshua J Strohl
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Immune and Neural Networks, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Prashin Unadkat
- Department of Neurosurgery, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Center for Neurosciences, Lab for Behavioral and Molecular Neuroimaging, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - David Eidelberg
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Center for Neurosciences, Lab for Behavioral and Molecular Neuroimaging, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Patricio T Huerta
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Immune and Neural Networks, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Chunyan Li
- Translational Brain Research Laboratory, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA.
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY, USA.
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY, USA.
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Lynch DG, Shah KA, Powell K, Wadolowski S, Ayol WT, Strohl JJ, Unadkat P, Eidelberg D, Huerta PT, Li C. Neurobehavioral impairments predict specific cerebral damage in rat model of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-2943917. [PMID: 37292945 PMCID: PMC10246236 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2943917/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a severe form of stroke that can cause unpredictable and diffuse cerebral damage, which is difficult to detect until it becomes irreversible. Therefore, there is a need for a reliable method to identify dysfunctional regions and initiate treatment before permanent damage occurs. Neurobehavioral assessments have been suggested as a possible tool to detect and approximately localize dysfunctional cerebral regions. In this study, we hypothesized that a neurobehavioral assessment battery could be a sensitive and specific early warning for damage in discrete cerebral regions following SAH. To test this hypothesis, a behavioral battery was employed at multiple time points after SAH induced via an endovascular perforation, and brain damage was confirmed via postmortem histopathological analysis. Our results demonstrate that impairment of sensorimotor function accurately predict damage in the cerebral cortex (AUC: 0.905; sensitivity: 81.8%; specificity: 90.9%) and striatum (AUC: 0.913; sensitivity: 90.1%; specificity: 100%), while impaired novel object recognition is a more accurate indicator of damage to the hippocampus (AUC: 0.902; sensitivity: 74.1%; specificity: 83.3%) than impaired reference memory (AUC: 0.746; sensitivity: 72.2%; specificity: 58.0%). Tests for anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors predict damage to the amygdala (AUC: 0.900; sensitivity: 77.0%; specificity: 81.7%) and thalamus (AUC: 0.963; sensitivity: 86.3%; specificity: 87.8%), respectively. This study suggests that recurring behavioral testing can accurately predict damage in specific brain regions, which could be developed into a clinical battery for early detection of SAH damage in humans, potentially improving early treatment and outcomes.
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Mader S, Brimberg L, Vo A, Strohl JJ, Crawford JM, Bonnin A, Carrión J, Campbell D, Huerta TS, La Bella A, Berlin R, Dewey SL, Hellman M, Eidelberg D, Dujmovic I, Drulovic J, Bennett JL, Volpe BT, Huerta PT, Diamond B. In utero exposure to maternal anti-aquaporin-4 antibodies alters brain vasculature and neural dynamics in male mouse offspring. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabe9726. [PMID: 35442708 PMCID: PMC9973562 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abe9726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The fetal brain is constantly exposed to maternal IgG before the formation of an effective blood-brain barrier (BBB). Here, we studied the consequences of fetal brain exposure to an antibody to the astrocytic protein aquaporin-4 (AQP4-IgG) in mice. AQP4-IgG was cloned from a patient with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), an autoimmune disease that can affect women of childbearing age. We found that embryonic radial glia cells in neocortex express AQP4. These cells are critical for blood vessel and BBB formation through modulation of the WNT signaling pathway. Male fetuses exposed to AQP4-IgG had abnormal cortical vasculature and lower expression of WNT signaling molecules Wnt5a and Wnt7a. Positron emission tomography of adult male mice exposed in utero to AQP4-IgG revealed increased blood flow and BBB leakiness in the entorhinal cortex. Adult male mice exposed in utero to AQP4-IgG had abnormal cortical vessels, fewer dendritic spines in pyramidal and stellate neurons, and more S100β+ astrocytes in the entorhinal cortex. Behaviorally, they showed impairments in the object-place memory task. Neural recordings indicated that their grid cell system, within the medial entorhinal cortex, did not map the local environment appropriately. Collectively, these data implicate in utero binding of AQP4-IgG to radial glia cells as a mechanism for alterations of the developing male brain and adds NMOSD to the conditions in which maternal IgG may cause persistent brain dysfunction in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Mader
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset NY 11030, USA.,Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Biomedical Center of the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich 82152, Germany.,Corresponding author
| | - Lior Brimberg
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset NY 11030, USA
| | - An Vo
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset NY 11030, USA
| | - Joshua J. Strohl
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset NY 11030, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - James M. Crawford
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Alexandre Bonnin
- Department of Physiology and Neurosciences, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Joseph Carrión
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset NY 11030, USA
| | - Delcora Campbell
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset NY 11030, USA
| | - Tomás S. Huerta
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset NY 11030, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Andrea La Bella
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset NY 11030, USA
| | - Roseann Berlin
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset NY 11030, USA
| | - Stephen L. Dewey
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset NY 11030, USA
| | - Matthew Hellman
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset NY 11030, USA
| | - David Eidelberg
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset NY 11030, USA
| | - Irena Dujmovic
- Clinical Center of Serbia University School of Medicine, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.,Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27517, USA
| | - Jelena Drulovic
- Clinical Center of Serbia University School of Medicine, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Jeffrey L. Bennett
- Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Programs in Neuroscience and Immunology, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Denver, CO 80045, USA
| | - Bruce T. Volpe
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset NY 11030, USA
| | - Patricio T. Huerta
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset NY 11030, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Betty Diamond
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset NY 11030, USA
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Strohl JJ, Gallagher JT, Gómez PN, Glynn JM, Huerta PT. Framework for automated sorting of neural spikes from Neuralynx-acquired tetrode recordings in freely-moving mice. Bioelectron Med 2021; 7:17. [PMID: 34809706 PMCID: PMC8609830 DOI: 10.1186/s42234-021-00079-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular recording represents a crucial electrophysiological technique in neuroscience for studying the activity of single neurons and neuronal populations. The electrodes capture voltage traces that, with the help of analytical tools, reveal action potentials ('spikes') as well as local field potentials. The process of spike sorting is used for the extraction of action potentials generated by individual neurons. Until recently, spike sorting was performed with manual techniques, which are laborious and unreliable due to inherent operator bias. As neuroscientists add multiple electrodes to their probes, the high-density devices can record hundreds to thousands of neurons simultaneously, making the manual spike sorting process increasingly difficult. The advent of automated spike sorting software has offered a compelling solution to this issue and, in this study, we present a simple-to-execute framework for running an automated spike sorter. METHODS Tetrode recordings of freely-moving mice are obtained from the CA1 region of the hippocampus as they navigate a linear track. Tetrode recordings are also acquired from the prelimbic cortex, a region of the medial prefrontal cortex, while the mice are tested in a T maze. All animals are implanted with custom-designed, 3D-printed microdrives that carry 16 electrodes, which are bundled in a 4-tetrode geometry. RESULTS We provide an overview of a framework for analyzing single-unit data in which we have concatenated the acquisition system (Cheetah, Neuralynx) with analytical software (MATLAB) and an automated spike sorting pipeline (MountainSort). We give precise instructions on how to implement the different steps of the framework, as well as explanations of our design logic. We validate this framework by comparing manually-sorted spikes against automatically-sorted spikes, using neural recordings of the hippocampus and prelimbic cortex in freely-moving mice. CONCLUSIONS We have efficiently integrated the MountainSort spike sorter with Neuralynx-acquired neural recordings. Our framework is easy to implement and provides a high-throughput solution. We predict that within the broad field of bioelectronic medicine, those teams that incorporate high-density neural recording devices to their armamentarium might find our framework quite valuable as they expand their analytical footprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J. Strohl
- Laboratory of Immune & Neural Networks, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd, Hempstead, NY 11549 USA
| | - Joseph T. Gallagher
- Laboratory of Immune & Neural Networks, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA
| | - Pedro N. Gómez
- Laboratory of Immune & Neural Networks, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA
| | - Joshua M. Glynn
- Laboratory of Immune & Neural Networks, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd, Hempstead, NY 11549 USA
| | - Patricio T. Huerta
- Laboratory of Immune & Neural Networks, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd, Hempstead, NY 11549 USA
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Mishra R, Bethunaickan R, Berthier CC, Yi Z, Strohl JJ, Huerta PT, Zhang W, Davidson A. Reversible dysregulation of renal circadian rhythm in lupus nephritis. Mol Med 2021; 27:99. [PMID: 34488619 PMCID: PMC8419890 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00361-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have found disruption of expression of major transcriptional regulators of circadian rhythm in the kidneys of several mouse models of lupus nephritis. Here we define the consequence of this disturbance with respect to circadian gene expression and renal homeostatic function in a mouse model of lupus nephritis. METHODS Molecular profiling of kidneys from 47 young and 41 nephritic female NZB/W F1 mice was performed at 4 hourly intervals over a 24 h period. Disruption of major circadian transcriptional regulators was confirmed by qPCR. Molecular data was normalized and analyzed for rhythmicity using RAIN analysis. Serum aldosterone and glucose and urine sodium and potassium were measured at 4 hourly intervals in pre-nephritic and nephritic mice and blood pressure was measured every 4 h. Analyses were repeated after induction of complete remission of nephritis using combination cyclophosphamide and costimulatory blockade. RESULTS We show a profound alteration of renal circadian rhythms in mice with lupus nephritis affecting multiple renal pathways. Using Cosinor analysis we identified consequent alterations of renal homeostasis and metabolism as well as blood pressure dipper status. This circadian dysregulation was partially reversed by remission induction therapy. CONCLUSIONS Our studies indicate the role of inflammation in causing the circadian disruption and suggest that screening for loss of normal blood pressure dipping should be incorporated into LN management. The data also suggest a potential role for circadian agonists in the treatment of lupus nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Mishra
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Ramalingam Bethunaickan
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Celine C Berthier
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Zhengzi Yi
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, One Gustave L. Levy Place, P.O. Box 1243, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Joshua J Strohl
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Patricio T Huerta
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Weijia Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, One Gustave L. Levy Place, P.O. Box 1243, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Anne Davidson
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
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Sankowski R, Huerta TS, Kalra R, Klein TJ, Strohl JJ, Al-Abed Y, Robbiati S, Huerta PT. Large-Scale Validation of the Paddling Pool Task in the Clockmaze for Studying Hippocampus-Based Spatial Cognition in Mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:121. [PMID: 31231197 PMCID: PMC6568215 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationally designed behavioral tests are important tools to assess the function of specific brain regions. The hippocampus is a crucial neural substrate for spatial cognition, and many studies have linked hippocampal dysfunction with defects on spatial learning and memory in neurological conditions ranging from Alzheimer’s disease to autoimmune syndromes, such as neuropsychiatric lupus. While our understanding of hippocampal function, from the molecular to the system levels, has increased dramatically over the last decades, this effort has not yet translated into efficacious therapies for cognitive impairment. We think that the availability of highly validated behavioral paradigms to measure cognition in mouse models is likely to enhance the potential success of preclinical therapeutic modalities. Here, we present an extensive study of the paddling pool task (PPT), first reported by Deacon and Rawlins, in which mice learn to escape from shallow water through a peripheral exit in a circular arena dubbed the clockmaze. We show that the PPT provides highly reliable results when assaying spatial cognition in C57/BL6 mice (120 males, 40 females) and BALB/c mice (40 males, 90 females). Additionally, we develop a robust algorithm for the assessment of escape strategies with clearly quantifiable readouts, enabling fine-granular phenotyping. Notably, the use of spatial strategy increases linearly across trials in the PPT. In a separate cohort of mice, we apply muscimol injections to silence the dorsal CA1 region of the hippocampus and show that the use of the spatial strategy in the PPT relies on the integrity of the dorsal hippocampus. Additionally, we compare directly the PPT and the Morris water maze (MWM) task in C57/BL6 mice (20 males, 20 females) and BALB/c mice (20 males, 20 females) and we find that the PPT induces significantly lower anxiety, exhaustion and hypothermia than the MWM. We conclude that the PPT provides a robust assessment of spatial cognition in mice, which can be applied in conjunction with other tests, to facilitate hypothesis testing and drug development to combat cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Sankowski
- Laboratory of Immune & Neural Networks, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Neuropathology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tomás S Huerta
- Laboratory of Immune & Neural Networks, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Rishi Kalra
- Laboratory of Immune & Neural Networks, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Toby J Klein
- Laboratory of Immune & Neural Networks, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Joshua J Strohl
- Laboratory of Immune & Neural Networks, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Yousef Al-Abed
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Sergio Robbiati
- Laboratory of Immune & Neural Networks, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Patricio T Huerta
- Laboratory of Immune & Neural Networks, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States
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Vingtdeux V, Chang EH, Frattini SA, Zhao H, Chandakkar P, Adrien L, Strohl JJ, Gibson EL, Ohmoto M, Matsumoto I, Huerta PT, Marambaud P. CALHM1 deficiency impairs cerebral neuron activity and memory flexibility in mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24250. [PMID: 27066908 PMCID: PMC4828655 DOI: 10.1038/srep24250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
CALHM1 is a cell surface calcium channel expressed in cerebral neurons. CALHM1 function in the brain remains unknown, but recent results showed that neuronal CALHM1 controls intracellular calcium signaling and cell excitability, two mechanisms required for synaptic function. Here, we describe the generation of Calhm1 knockout (Calhm1−/−) mice and investigate CALHM1 role in neuronal and cognitive functions. Structural analysis revealed that Calhm1−/− brains had normal regional and cellular architecture, and showed no evidence of neuronal or synaptic loss, indicating that CALHM1 deficiency does not affect brain development or brain integrity in adulthood. However, Calhm1−/− mice showed a severe impairment in memory flexibility, assessed in the Morris water maze, and a significant disruption of long-term potentiation without alteration of long-term depression, measured in ex vivo hippocampal slices. Importantly, in primary neurons and hippocampal slices, CALHM1 activation facilitated the phosphorylation of NMDA and AMPA receptors by protein kinase A. Furthermore, neuronal CALHM1 activation potentiated the effect of glutamate on the expression of c-Fos and C/EBPβ, two immediate-early gene markers of neuronal activity. Thus, CALHM1 controls synaptic activity in cerebral neurons and is required for the flexible processing of memory in mice. These results shed light on CALHM1 physiology in the mammalian brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Vingtdeux
- Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer's Disease, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Eric H Chang
- Laboratory of Immune &Neural Networks, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Stephen A Frattini
- Laboratory of Immune &Neural Networks, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Haitian Zhao
- Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer's Disease, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Pallavi Chandakkar
- Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer's Disease, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Leslie Adrien
- Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer's Disease, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Joshua J Strohl
- Laboratory of Immune &Neural Networks, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Elizabeth L Gibson
- Laboratory of Immune &Neural Networks, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Makoto Ohmoto
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Patricio T Huerta
- Laboratory of Immune &Neural Networks, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Philippe Marambaud
- Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer's Disease, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
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