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Jain A, Ahmad D, Pritting C, Gibson G, Rajapreyar I, Rame J, Alvarez R, Rajagopal K, Entwistle J, Massey H, Tchantchaleishvili V. Individual Association of Predicted Left and Right Ventricular Mass Ratios with Survival after Heart Transplantation: A UNOS Database Analysis. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Vega E, Namdeo A, Bramwell L, Miquelajauregui Y, Resendiz-Martinez CG, Jaimes-Palomera M, Luna-Falfan F, Terrazas-Ahumada A, Maji KJ, Entwistle J, Enríquez JCN, Mejia JM, Portas A, Hayes L, McNally R. Changes in air quality in Mexico City, London and Delhi in response to various stages and levels of lockdowns and easing of restrictions during COVID-19 pandemic. Environ Pollut 2021; 285:117664. [PMID: 34380230 PMCID: PMC8802357 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The impacts of COVID-19 lockdown restrictions have provided a valuable global experiment into the extent of improvements in air quality possible with reductions in vehicle movements. Mexico City, London and Delhi all share the problem of air quality failing WHO guideline limits, each with unique situations and influencing factors. We determine, discuss and compare the air quality changes across these cities during the COVID-19, to understand how the findings may support future improvements in their air quality and associated health of citizens. We analysed ground-level PM10, PM2.5, NO2, O3 and CO changes in each city for the period 1st January to August 31, 2020 under different phases of lockdown, with respect to daily average concentrations over the same period for 2017 to 2019. We found major reductions in PM10, PM2.5, NO2 and CO across the three cities for the lockdown phases and increases in O3 in London and Mexico City but not Delhi. The differences were due to the O3 production criteria across the cities, for Delhi production depends on the VOC-limited photochemical regime. Levels of reductions were commensurate with the degree of lockdown. In Mexico City, the greatest reduction in measured concentration was in CO in the initial lockdown phase (40%), in London the greatest decrease was for NO2 in the later part of the lockdown (49%), and in Delhi the greatest decrease was in PM10, and PM2.5 in the initial lockdown phase (61% and 50%, respectively). Reduction in pollutant concentrations agreed with reductions in vehicle movements. In the initial lockdown phase vehicle movements reduced by up to 59% in Mexico City and 63% in London. The cities demonstrated a range of air quality changes in their differing geographical areas and land use types. Local meteorology and pollution events, such as forest fires, also impacted the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vega
- Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico.
| | - A Namdeo
- Geography and Environmental Sciences Department, Northumbria University, UK
| | - L Bramwell
- Geography and Environmental Sciences Department, Northumbria University, UK
| | - Y Miquelajauregui
- Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencias de la Sostenibilidad, Instituto de Ecología, UNAM, Mexico
| | - C G Resendiz-Martinez
- Secretaría de Medio Ambiente, Dirección de Monitoreo de Calidad del Aire, Subdirección de Análisis y Modelación, Mexico
| | - M Jaimes-Palomera
- Secretaría de Medio Ambiente, Dirección de Monitoreo de Calidad del Aire, Subdirección de Análisis y Modelación, Mexico
| | - F Luna-Falfan
- Secretaría de Medio Ambiente, Dirección de Monitoreo de Calidad del Aire, Subdirección de Análisis y Modelación, Mexico
| | - A Terrazas-Ahumada
- Secretaría de Medio Ambiente, Dirección de Monitoreo de Calidad del Aire, Subdirección de Análisis y Modelación, Mexico
| | - K J Maji
- Geography and Environmental Sciences Department, Northumbria University, UK
| | - J Entwistle
- Geography and Environmental Sciences Department, Northumbria University, UK
| | | | - J M Mejia
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico
| | - A Portas
- Mathematics, Physics and Electrical Engineering, Northumbria University, UK
| | - L Hayes
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, UK
| | - R McNally
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, UK
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Dillon RL, Chooniedass S, Premsukh A, Adams GP, Entwistle J, MacDonald GC, Cizeau J. Abstract 2961: deBouganin conjugated to trastuzumab overcomes multiple mechanisms of T-DM1 drug resistance. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-2961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
DeBouganin is a T-cell epitope-depleted variant of the type I Ribosome Inactivating Protein (RIP) plant toxin Bouganin. DeBouganin binds and deadenylates the sarcin/ricin loop of the 28S subunit of the ribosomal RNA leading to protein synthesis inhibition and apoptosis. To demonstrate the potential advantages of deBouganin over current small molecule payloads, deBouganin was randomly chemically conjugated to trastuzumab with a DAR of approximately 2 and compared to T-DM1 both in vitro and in vivo. The trastuzumab-deBouganin conjugate (T-deB) demonstrated a tighter IC50 range of killing and an overall greater potency in vitro against most cells lines with high levels of Her2 expression as compared to T-DM1. In addition, unlike T-DM1, T-deB was unaffected by inhibitors of multidrug resistance (MDR) and overexpression of Bcl-2 family members. Moreover, T-deB potency was unchanged by Her2-Her3 dimerization in the presence of heregulin. Contrary to T-DM1 which showed only minimal cytotoxicity, T-deB was highly potent in vitro against tumor cells with cancer stem cell (CSC) properties by preventing the formation of tumorspheres. Furthermore, in a BT-474 xenograft study, T-deB was more efficacious than T-DM1 resulting in increased survival of the T-deB treated mice. Overall, the results demonstrate the potency and efficacy of deBouganin and emphasize the importance of using payloads with different MOAs. The data suggest that deBouganin used alone or in combination with other payloads could be a highly effective cancer therapeutic that would provide prolonged clinical benefit.
Citation Format: Rachelle L. Dillon, Shilpa Chooniedass, Arjune Premsukh, Gregory P. Adams, Joycelyn Entwistle, Glen C. MacDonald, Jeannick Cizeau. deBouganin conjugated to trastuzumab overcomes multiple mechanisms of T-DM1 drug resistance. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2961.
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Chooniedass S, Dillon RL, Premsukh A, Entwistle J, Adams GP, Hudson PJ, MacDonald GC, Cizeau J. Abstract 2963: VB7-756: a Her2-specific diabody armed with deBouganin, a plant toxin with a distinct MOA. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-2963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
VB7-756 is Targeted Protein Therapeutic (TPT) comprised of a de-immunized form of bouganin (deBouganin), a potent, plant-derived, type I ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP), genetically linked to the C6.5 anti-Her2 diabody via a furin protease sensitive linker. To engineer the optimal diabody TPT format, several constructs were generated to assess the best diabody-deBouganin orientation. All constructs were expressed as a soluble protein in E. coli supernatant and compared with respect to expression level, stability and potency. The optimal configuration consisted of deBouganin genetically linked to the N-terminus of the VH-VL diabody via a furin protease-sensitive linker and was termed VB7-756. VB7-756 potency was analyzed against a panel of breast cancer cell lines with disparate levels of Her-2 expression and compared to that of Trastuzumab chemically linked to either DM1 (T-DM1) or MMAE (T-MMAE). Overall, VB7-756 was more potent than T-DM1 and T-MMAE with high Her-2 expressing tumor cell lines. In contrast to T-DM1, VB7-756 potency was unaffected by the Her2-Her3 dimerization mediated by heregulin. As opposed to T-DM1 and T-MMAE, which showed only minimal cytoxicity, VB7-756 was highly potent in vitro against tumor cells with cancer stem cell properties. To further differentiate the RIP mechanism of action of deBouganin from tubulin inhibitor reagents, tumor cells that escaped T-DM1 and T-MMAE treatment were incubated in the presence of VB7-756. Results revealed that, VB7-756 was cytotoxic against cancer cells surviving T-DM1 or T-MMAE treatment suggesting that deBouganin can overcome mechanisms of resistance developed by small molecule agents. Moreover, VB7-756 was also cytotoxic against tumor initiating cancer cells evading T-DM1 or T-MMAE toxicity by preventing tumorosphere formation. Overall these results demonstrate that deBouganin's distinct MOA could overcome mechanisms of resistance affecting the efficacy of small molecule drugs.
Citation Format: Shilpa Chooniedass, Rachelle L. Dillon, Arjune Premsukh, Joycelyn Entwistle, Gregory P. Adams, Peter J. Hudson, Glen C. MacDonald, Jeannick Cizeau. VB7-756: a Her2-specific diabody armed with deBouganin, a plant toxin with a distinct MOA. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2963.
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Satherley AW, Entwistle J, Panciera D. The Benefits and Challenges of Submitting to the Nice Medical Technologies Evaluation Programme-Manufacturer Perceptions And Experiences. Value Health 2014; 17:A415. [PMID: 27201037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - D Panciera
- University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Entwistle J, Brown JG, Chooniedass S, Cizeau J, MacDonald GC. Preclinical Evaluation of VB6-845: An Anti-EpCAM Immunotoxin with Reduced Immunogenic Potential. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2012; 27:582-92. [DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2012.1200.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joycelyn Entwistle
- Department of Research, Viventia Biotechnologies, Inc., Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jennifer G. Brown
- Department of Research, Viventia Biotechnologies, Inc., Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Shilpa Chooniedass
- Department of Research, Viventia Biotechnologies, Inc., Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jeannick Cizeau
- Department of Research, Viventia Biotechnologies, Inc., Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Glen C. MacDonald
- Department of Research, Viventia Biotechnologies, Inc., Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Kowalski M, Guindon J, Brazas L, Moore C, Entwistle J, Cizeau J, Jewett MAS, MacDonald GC. A phase II study of oportuzumab monatox: an immunotoxin therapy for patients with noninvasive urothelial carcinoma in situ previously treated with bacillus Calmette-Guérin. J Urol 2012; 188:1712-8. [PMID: 22998907 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A phase II study was performed to assess the efficacy and tolerability of intravesical oportuzumab monatox in patients with urothelial carcinoma in situ of the bladder. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin treatment had previously failed in all patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 46 patients received 1 induction cycle of 6 (cohort 1) or 12 (cohort 2) weekly intravesical oportuzumab monatox (VB4-845) instillations of 30 mg, followed by up to 3 maintenance cycles of 3 weekly administrations every 3 months. RESULTS A complete response to oportuzumab monatox was seen in 9 of 22 patients (41%) in cohort 1 and 9 of 23 (39%) in cohort 2 at the 3-month evaluation. A total of 20 patients (44%) achieved a complete response. Two other patients without carcinoma in situ who achieved a complete response were not included in the study due to the development of noninvasive papillary (Ta) disease. Median time to recurrence in patients who achieved a complete response was 274 and 408 days in cohorts 1 and 2, respectively. Overall 7 patients (16%) remained disease-free. Post-study assessment demonstrated that these patients were still disease-free at last followup (18 to 25 months). The most common adverse events were mild to moderate reversible bladder symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Oportuzumab monatox was effective and well tolerated in patients with bacillus Calmette-Guérin refractory carcinoma in situ of the bladder. These results demonstrate the clinical benefit of oportuzumab monatox and support its continued development for the second line treatment of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer.
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Premsukh A, Lavoie JM, Cizeau J, Entwistle J, MacDonald GC. Development of a GMP Phase III purification process for VB4-845, an immunotoxin expressed in E. coli using high cell density fermentation. Protein Expr Purif 2011; 78:27-37. [PMID: 21421055 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2011.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Revised: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
VB4-845 is a recombinant immunotoxin comprised of an anti-epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) scFv fused to a truncated form of the bacterial toxin, Pseudomonas exotoxin A. VB4-845, purified from TB fed-batch fermentation, showed clinical efficacy when administered locally to treat non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (SCCHN). Here, we describe the implementation of an Escherichia coli high cell density (HCD) cultivation and purification process for VB4-845. HCD cultivation was a prerequisite for achieving higher yields necessary for Phase III clinical trials and commercialization. Using this process, the VB4-845 titer in the supernatant was increased by 30-fold over the original TB fed-batch cultivation. To obtain clinical grade material, a process involving a five-step column purification procedure was implemented and led to an overall recovery of ∼ 40%. VB4-845 purity of >97% was achieved after the first three columns following the removal of low-molecular weight product-related impurities and aggregates. Endotoxins were effectively separated from VB4-845 on the Q-columns and by washing the Ni-column with a detergent buffer while host cell proteins were removed using ceramic hydroxyapatite. Comparability studies demonstrated that the purified product from the Phase III process was identical to the Phase II reference standard produced using TB fed-batch fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjune Premsukh
- Viventia Biotechnologies Inc., 147 Hamelin St., Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Cizeau J, Torres MGP, Cowling SG, Stibbard S, Premsukh A, Entwistle J, MacDonald GC. Fusogenics: a recombinant immunotoxin-based screening platform to select internalizing tumor-specific antibody fragments. J Biomol Screen 2011; 16:90-100. [PMID: 21131595 DOI: 10.1177/1087057110387425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-based therapeutics play a vital role in the treatment of certain cancers; however, despite commercial success, various strategies are being pursued to increase their potency and hence improve patient outcomes. The use of antibodies to deliver a cytotoxic payload offers a promising alternative for more efficacious therapies. Immunotoxins are composed of an internalizing antibody fragment linked to a bacterial or plant toxin. Once internalized, the payload, such as Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE), blocks protein synthesis and induces apoptosis. Typically, immunotoxins are developed by first isolating a tumor-specific antibody, which is then either chemically linked to a toxin or reengineered as a fusion protein. Here, the authors describe the development of Fusogenics, an immunotoxin-based screening method that selects internalizing tumor-specific antibodies using a functional assay. Selected immune library clones were characterized and shown to be selective against normal tissues and specific to tumor tissues. In summary, the Fusogenics immunotoxin platform represents a unique, single-step selection approach combining specificity and functionality to isolate novel internalizing tumor-specific antibody fragments with potential for direct clinical application in the treatment of cancer.
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Kowalski M, Entwistle J, Cizeau J, Niforos D, Loewen S, Chapman W, MacDonald GC. A Phase I study of an intravesically administered immunotoxin targeting EpCAM for the treatment of nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer in BCGrefractory and BCG-intolerant patients. Drug Des Devel Ther 2010; 4:313-20. [PMID: 21151619 PMCID: PMC2998804 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s14071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A Phase I dose-escalation study was performed to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of the immunotoxin VB4-845 in patients with nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) refractory to or intolerant of bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). Secondary objectives included evaluation of the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, immunogenicity, and efficacy of VB4-845. PATIENTS AND METHODS Sixty-four patients with Grade 2 or 3, stage Ta or T1 transitional cell carcinoma or in situ carcinoma, either refractory to or intolerant of BCG therapy, were enrolled. Treatment was administered in ascending dose cohorts ranging from 0.1 to 30.16 mg. After receiving weekly instillations of VB4-845 to the bladder via catheter for 6 consecutive weeks, patients were followed for 4-6 weeks post-therapy and assessed at week 12. RESULTS An MTD was not determined, as a dose-limiting toxicity was not identified over the dose range tested. VB4-845 therapy was safe and well tolerated with most adverse events reported as mild; as a result, no patients were removed from the study in response to toxicity. By the end of the study, the majority of patients had developed antibodies to the exotoxin portion of VB4-845. A complete response was achieved in 39% of patients at the 12-week time point. CONCLUSIONS VB4-845 dosed on a weekly basis for 6 weeks was very well tolerated at all dose levels. Although an MTD was not determined at the doses administered, VB4-845 showed evidence of an antitumor effect that warrants further clinical investigation for the treatment of NMIBC in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Kowalski
- Viventia Biotechnologies Inc., Mississauga, ON, Canada
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Brown J, Rasamoelisolo M, Spearman M, Bosc D, Cizeau J, Entwistle J, MacDonald GC. Preclinical assessment of an anti-EpCAM immunotoxin: locoregional delivery provides a safer alternative to systemic administration. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2009; 24:477-87. [PMID: 19694583 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2008.0579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
VB4-845 is a recombinant immunotoxin that is comprised of a truncated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin A (ETA) genetically-linked to a humanized scFv fragment, (4D5MOCB), specific to epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM). EpCAM is overexpressed on a wide variety of human tumors and thus represents a suitable target antigen for immunotoxin therapy. Preclinical studies were used to evaluate the benefit of locoregional administration of an ETA-based immunotoxin versus systemic delivery. Repeated subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of VB4-845 (up to 77.8 microg/kg) in rats resulted in minimal adverse effects, except for injection-site reactions, while repeated systemic administration elicited symptoms consistent with vascular leak syndrome. S.c. weekly doses of the drug in cynomolgus monkeys resulted in minimal adverse effects limited to injection-site reactions and a transient elevation of liver enzymes in 1 animal. Toxicokinetics showed rapid clearance of the drug, with the development of an immune response by day 14 following repeated injections. These results argue that the local administration of VB4-845 has advantages with respect to safety over systemic administration and may be an effective alternative method for targeting those cancers that are amenable to local routes of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Brown
- Viventia Biotechnologies, Inc., Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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MacDonald GC, Rasamoelisolo M, Entwistle J, Cizeau J, Bosc D, Cuthbert W, Kowalski M, Spearman M, Glover N. A phase I clinical study of VB4-845: weekly intratumoral administration of an anti-EpCAM recombinant fusion protein in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Drug Des Devel Ther 2009; 2:105-14. [PMID: 19920898 PMCID: PMC2761172 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s3442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
VB4-845 is a scFv-Pseudomonas exotoxin A fusion construct that targets epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM). A phase I trial was conducted to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of VB4-845 when administered as weekly intratumoral (IT) injections to patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). Secondary objectives included the evaluation of the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetic profile, and immunogenicity, and a preliminary assessment of tumor response. Twenty patients with advanced, recurrent SCCHN were treated weekly for four weeks in ascending dose cohorts of 100, 200, 330, 500, 700, and 930 microg. The MTD was established as 930 microg with a dose limiting toxicity of elevated liver enzymes in two of five patients. VB4-845 therapy was well tolerated with common treatment-related adverse events of injection site reactions, fever, gastrointestinal disorders, and elevated liver enzyme levels. All patients developed antibodies to VB4-845 by the end of the study, but only seven patients had neutralizing antibodies. Preliminary efficacy data found 87.5% of EpCAM-positive patients had a positive response to VB4-845 therapy. Noninjected dermal metastases were also resolved in one patient. VB4-845 IT therapy is safe and feasible and warrants further clinical evaluation for the treatment of SCCHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glen C MacDonald
- Viventia Biotech Inc., 147 Hamelin Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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13
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Barnes D, Entwistle J. Re: 'PET-CT in non-small cell lung cancer staging-promises and problems'. Clin Radiol 2007; 63:108-10. [PMID: 18068798 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2007.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2007] [Revised: 03/19/2007] [Accepted: 04/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Jones N, Jewett MA, Cuthbert W, Rasamoelisolo M, Entwistle J, MacDonald G, Glover N. 1575: A Phase I/II Study of Vicinium™ Given by Intravesical Administration in Patients with Superficial Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder: Phase I Final Results. J Urol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(18)31763-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Chahal FC, Entwistle J, Glover N, Macdonald GC. A targeted proteomic approach for the identification of tumor-associated membrane antigens using the ProteomeLab PF-2D in tandem with mass spectrometry. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 348:1055-62. [PMID: 16908011 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.07.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2006] [Accepted: 07/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mapping differential expression of soluble proteins has become fairly routine using chromatofocusing in combination with the reversed-phase HPLC (ProteomeLab PF-2D by Beckman Coulter Inc.); however, identification of membrane antigens has not been reported thus far. In this report, we demonstrate a targeted proteomic approach employing immunoprecipitation, prior to 2D-LC separation, in tandem with MS/MS that can be used to identify tumor-associated membrane antigens. This system is very sensitive and reproducible in that only 1/4th the amount of starting material is required for analysis as compared to gel-based analysis, and permits a focused environment for eliminating non-specific interactions leading to an accurate resolution of the cognate antigen. This system also circumvents the well-known limitations associated with gel-based approaches. This approach has been validated in the identification of ErB2/HER-2 and was subsequently used to identify CD44E as the cognate antigen for VB1-008, one of our fully human, tumor-specific, monoclonal antibodies.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Antigens, Neoplasm/analysis
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Binding Sites, Antibody
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cells, Cultured
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional
- Humans
- Immunoblotting
- Immunoprecipitation
- Mass Spectrometry
- Membrane Proteins/analysis
- Membrane Proteins/immunology
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Neoplasm Proteins/analysis
- Neoplasm Proteins/immunology
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Proteome/analysis
- Proteome/immunology
- Proteome/metabolism
- Receptor, ErbB-2/chemistry
- Receptor, ErbB-2/isolation & purification
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Affiliation(s)
- Francina C Chahal
- Viventia Biotech Inc., 147 Hamelin street, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3T3Z1.
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Fitsialos D, Seitz S, Wiecek E, Rasamoelisolo M, Entwistle J, Jewett M, MacDonald GC, Glover N. Phase I/II study of vicinium given by intravesical administration in patients with superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: Phase I results. J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.4580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
4580 Background: Vicinium is a fusion protein comprised of a humanized scFv, specific for Ep-CAM (epithelial cell adhesion molecule), and a truncated fragment of Pseudomonas exotoxin A. Ep-CAM is highly expressed on carcinoma cells including superficial transitional cell carcinomas (TCC) of the bladder. Vicinium targets and kills Ep-CAM-positive tumors. Results from the Phase I arm of a Phase I/II trial where Vicinium was instilled into the bladders of patients with superficial TCC of the bladder showed the drug to be very well tolerated and showed promising clinical results. Methods: 64 patients with Ep-CAM positive superficial TCC of the bladder, Ta, Tis or T1, Grades 2 or 3 who were refractory or intolerant to BCG therapy were admitted into the study. Dosing comprised a minimum of 3 subjects per dose level through 12 escalating doses. Vicinium was given once/week for 6 consecutive weeks by intravesical administration into the bladder via a catheter at escalating dose levels of 0.1, 0.2, 0.33, 0.66, 1.32, 2.64, 5.28, 10.56, 13.73, 17.85, 23.2 and 30.16 mg/week. All toxicities were assessed according to the NCI CTC v3. Blood samples were collected at different times in the study to determine systemic drug exposure and to assess immunogenicity. Efficacy was explored via biopsy, cystoscopy, urine cytology and FISH. Results: Vicinium was very well tolerated at all doses. Almost all (64/65) patients were positive for the Ep-CAM antigen. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed no evidence of Vicinium in the circulation of any of the patients; however, the majority of patients developed an anti-Vicinium response. Most patients, in particular at the higher doses, showed decreased tumor cell numbers by FISH analysis by the final day of treatment with the greatest sustained effect being observed in patients with the higher percentage Ep-CAM-positive tumors. Conclusions: Vicinium dosed on a weekly basis for 6 weeks was very well tolerated at all dose levels. The early clinical benefit observed with Vicinium strongly supports its development as a promising therapy for superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. The phase II arm of the trial will confirm the safety and further assess the efficacy of Vicinium at a recommended Phase II dose. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Fitsialos
- Viventia Biotech, Toronto, ON, Canada; Viventia Biotech, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - S. Seitz
- Viventia Biotech, Toronto, ON, Canada; Viventia Biotech, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - E. Wiecek
- Viventia Biotech, Toronto, ON, Canada; Viventia Biotech, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - M. Rasamoelisolo
- Viventia Biotech, Toronto, ON, Canada; Viventia Biotech, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - J. Entwistle
- Viventia Biotech, Toronto, ON, Canada; Viventia Biotech, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - M. Jewett
- Viventia Biotech, Toronto, ON, Canada; Viventia Biotech, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - G. C. MacDonald
- Viventia Biotech, Toronto, ON, Canada; Viventia Biotech, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - N. Glover
- Viventia Biotech, Toronto, ON, Canada; Viventia Biotech, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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17
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Entwistle J, Feola M, Adelson M, Mordechai E. Real-time PCR detection of polyomaviruses BK and JC in urine. J Clin Virol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1386-6532(06)80815-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Wang H, Entwistle J, Morlon E, Archer DB, Peberdy JF, Ward M, Jeenes DJ. Isolation and characterisation of a calnexin homologue, clxA, from Aspergillus niger. Mol Genet Genomics 2003; 268:684-91. [PMID: 12589443 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-002-0790-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2002] [Accepted: 11/27/2002] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We describe the isolation of a gene (clxA) encoding calnexin from laboratory and industrial strains of Aspergillus niger. Calnexin is a chaperone, which specifically recognises monoglucosylated glycoproteins in the endoplasmic reticulum, and is thus an essential component of the process that assesses the folded state of nascent secreted glycoproteins. Manipulation of chaperones has previously been adopted in attempts to overcome some of the problems associated with the secretion of heterologous proteins from filamentous fungi. The A. niger clxA gene encodes a 562-residue protein with strong homology to the calnexin of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The clxAgene product complements a S. pombe cnx1 mutant. Motifs associated with genes controlled via the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) were identified by sequence homology in the promoter of clxA. Steady-state levels of clxA mRNA were elevated in a strain expressing bovine prochymosin fused to the catalytic domain of glucoamylase. The ORF is punctuated by four introns, and contains two sets of four repeated peptide motifs that are characteristic of the calnexin family, together with a putative membrane-spanning domain. Deletion studies indicate that clxA is not an essential gene in A. niger.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aspergillus niger/genetics
- Aspergillus niger/metabolism
- Base Sequence
- Calnexin/genetics
- Calnexin/metabolism
- Cattle
- Chymosin/biosynthesis
- Chymosin/genetics
- DNA, Fungal/genetics
- Enzyme Precursors/biosynthesis
- Enzyme Precursors/genetics
- Fungal Proteins/genetics
- Fungal Proteins/metabolism
- Gene Deletion
- Gene Expression
- Genes, Fungal
- Genetic Complementation Test
- Glucan 1,4-alpha-Glucosidase/biosynthesis
- Glucan 1,4-alpha-Glucosidase/genetics
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutation
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- RNA, Fungal/genetics
- RNA, Fungal/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/biosynthesis
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wang
- Genencor International Inc., Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
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19
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Reilly RM, Maiti PK, Kiarash R, Prashar AK, Fast DG, Entwistle J, Narang SA, Foote S, Kaplan HA. Rapid imaging of human melanoma xenografts using an scFv fragment of the human monoclonal antibody H11 labelled with 111In. Nucl Med Commun 2001; 22:587-95. [PMID: 11388583 DOI: 10.1097/00006231-200105000-00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
H11 is a human IgM monoclonal antibody which recognizes a novel tumour-associated antigen expressed on melanoma, glioma, breast cancer, colon cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer and B-cell lymphoma. In this study, a recombinant single-chain Fv (scFv) fragment of H11 labelled with 111In was investigated for tumour imaging in athymic mice implanted subcutaneously with A-375 human melanoma xenografts. H11 scFv was derivatized with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) for labelling with 111In. The immunoreactivity of DTPA-H11 scFv against A-375 cells in vitro ranged from 23% to 36%. 111In-DTPA-H11 scFv was rapidly eliminated from the blood and most normal tissues (except the kidneys) reaching maximum tumour/blood ratios of 12:1 at 48 h post-injection. Tumours were imaged as early as 40 min after injection. The kidneys accumulated the highest concentration of radioactivity (up to 185% injected dose/g). Tumour uptake was 1-3% injected dose/g. The whole-body radiation absorbed dose predicted for administration of 185 MBq of 111In-DTPA-H11 scFv to humans was 37 mSv. The radiation absorbed dose estimates for the kidneys, spleen and intestines were 405 mSv, 698 mSv and 412 mSv, respectively. The results of this preclinical study and a concurrent phase I trial suggest a promising role for H11 scFv for tumour imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Reilly
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, ON, Canada.
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20
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Nageldinger G, Flowers A, Entwistle J. A new mechanism for hot particle development in soil following ionic contamination with radiocesium. Health Phys 1998; 75:646-647. [PMID: 9827512 DOI: 10.1097/00004032-199812000-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The development of hot particles was observed in a pure quartz sand as well as in "Ea" horizon material from a humo ferric podzol after ionic contamination with radiocesium. Therefore, fallout that contaminates soil with radiocesium in an ionic form can lead to the formation of hot particles for which health impact must be assessed differently compared to homogeneously contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Nageldinger
- School of Applied Physics, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, UK
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21
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Abstract
A full-length human RHAMM cDNA clone was isolated by a combination of screening a human breast cDNA expression library with the murine RHAMM 2 cDNA as well as 5' RACE and RT-PCR using messenger RNA from human breast cell line (MCF-10A). The full-length cDNA contained 725 aa that encoded an 84 kDa protein. Although the coding region of the human RHAMM cDNA resembles the murine RHAMM v4, it has additional unique N-terminal (489 bp) and C-terminal (33 bp) regions. Also, only 1 of 5 repeat sequences encoded in the murine cDNA are present in human cDNA. The overall homology between the overlapping region of human and mouse RHAMM v4 cDNA clone is 85%, but the HA binding motif (B[X7]B), shown to be critical for the signaling capability of this receptor, is 100% conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wang
- Department of Pediatrics and Physiology, Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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22
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Amara FM, Entwistle J, Kuschak TI, Turley EA, Wright JA. Transforming growth factor-beta1 stimulates multiple protein interactions at a unique cis-element in the 3'-untranslated region of the hyaluronan receptor RHAMM mRNA. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:15279-84. [PMID: 8663000 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.25.15279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The receptor for hyaluronan mediated motility (RHAMM) gene expression is markedly elevated in fibrosarcomas exposed to transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1). The half-life of RHAMM mRNA was increased by 3 fold in cells treated with TGF-beta1, indicating that growth factor regulation of RHAMM gene expression at least in part involves a posttranscriptional mechanism. Our studies demonstrated that a unique 30-nucleotide (nt) region that has three copies of the sequence, GCUUGC, was the TGF-beta1-responsive region in the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) that mediated message stability. This region interacted specifically with cytoplasmic trans-factors to form multiple protein complexes of approximately 175, 97, 63, 26, and 17 kDa post-TGF-beta1 treatment, suggesting a role for these complexes in the mechanism of action of TGF-beta1-induced message stabilization. Insertion of the 3'-UTR into the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene conferred TGF-beta1 induced stability of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase-hybrid RNA in stably transfected cells, while the same insert carrying a deletion containing the 30-nt region had no significant effect on mRNA stability. These results provide a model of RHAMM message regulation in which TGF-beta1-mediated alteration of RHAMM message stability involves the up-regulation of multiple protein interactions with a 30-nt cis-element stability determinant in the 3'-UTR. This model also suggests that this 30-nt base region functions in cis to destabilize RHAMM mRNA in resting normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Amara
- Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0V9, Canada
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23
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Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is a ubiquitous component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and occurs transiently in both the cell nucleus and cytoplasm. It has been shown to promote cell motility, adhesion, and proliferation and thus it has an important role in such processes as morphogenesis, wound repair, inflammation, and metastasis. These processes require massive cell movement and tissue reorganization and are always accompanied by elevated levels of HA. Many of the effects of HA are mediated through cell surface receptors, three of which have been molecularly characterized, namely CD44, RHAMM, and ICAM-1. Binding of the HA ligand to its receptors triggers signal transduction events which, in concert with other ECM and cytoskeletal components, can direct cell trafficking during physiological and pathological events. The HA mediated signals are transmitted, at least in part, by the activation of protein phosphorylation cascades, cytokine release, and the stimulation of cell cycle proteins. A variety of extracellular signals regulate the expression of both HA and the receptors necessitating that HA-receptor signalling is a tightly controlled process. Regulated production of soluble forms of the receptors, alternately spliced cell surface isoforms, and glycosylation variants of these receptors can dramatically modulate HA binding, ligand specificity, and stimulation of the signalling pathway. When these processes are deregulated cell behaviour becomes uncontrolled leading to developmental abnormalities, abnormal physiological responses, and tumorigenesis. The elucidation of the molecular mechanisms regulating HA-mediated events will not only contribute greatly to our understanding of a variety of disease processes but will also offer many new avenues of therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Entwistle
- Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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24
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Entwistle J, Zhang S, Yang B, Wong C, Li Q, Hall CL, A J, Mowat M, Greenberg AH, Turley EA. Characterization of the murine gene encoding the hyaluronan receptor RHAMM. Gene 1995; 163:233-8. [PMID: 7590272 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(95)00398-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We describe the isolation and characterization of the murine gene encoding RHAMM, a hyaluronan receptor which regulates focal adhesion turnover, is required for cell locomotion and is a critical downstream regulator of ras transformation. The RHAMM gene spans at least 20 kb and comprises 14 exons ranging in size from 75 to 1099 bp. Primer extension studies indicate that the major transcription start point is in position -31, relative to the start Met. Northern blot analysis of mouse fibroblast RNA identified two hybridizing species of 4.2 and 1.7 kb. Comparison of cDNA clones and RT-PCR products with the genomic clones identified alternately spliced exons in both the coding and 5' noncoding regions of RHAMM. In the coding region exon 4 is alternately spliced. The major RHAMM transcript (RHAMM1) in 3T3 fibroblasts does not contain exon 4 and encodes a protein of 70 kDa. A minor transcript containing exon 4, namely RHAMM v4, encodes a 73-kDa protein, as demonstrated by isoform-specific antibodies. Western analysis demonstrated both a major 70-kDa (RHAMM 1) and minor 73-kDa RHAMM protein (v4) in 3T3 murine fibroblast cell lysates. The functional significance of these two isoforms is currently being investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Entwistle
- Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, Manitoba Cancer Treatment and Research Foundation, Winnipeg, Canada
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25
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Abstract
The nucleotide sequence of a 2065 base pair HindIII fragment, containing a gene (lambda hor1-14) belonging to the Hor1 locus in barley, has been determined. The fragment consists of 1044 bp of coding region interrupted by an amber codon at base 481, a 5' non-coding region of 428 bp and a 3' non-coding region with 593 bp. The deduced amino acid sequence of the mature protein (327 amino acids) is characterized by an octapeptide motif PQQPFPQQ which is repeated throughout the peptide chain between a unique 12 amino acid long NH2-terminal and an equally unique 10 amino acid long COOH-terminal end. The proline + glutamine content is 62% and the next three most abundant amino acids are leucine (9%), phenylalanine (8%) and isoleucine (3%). In the 5' non-coding region there is a TATA box at -98 bp from the start methionine. The 3' non-coding region has a polyadenylation signal 76 bp downstream from the TAA stop codon. The deduced amino acid sequences of the NH2- and COOH-terminals of lambda hor1-14 are very similar but not identical to those known from the Edman degradation and carboxypeptidase Y analysis of C-hordein polypeptides. The 3' coding and non-coding region of lambda hor1-14 is closely similar but different in detail to the known C-hordein cDNA clones. One polyadenylation signal is found in lambda hor1-14 whereas two are present in each of the three known C-hordein cDNAs. These differences and the amber codon interrupting the open reading frame indicate that this gene is silent.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Entwistle
- Department of Physiology, Carlsberg Laboratory, Copenhagen Valby
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26
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Entwistle J, Kahle YB. Vessel access for hemodialysis. Nurs Care 1977; 10:20-3. [PMID: 585463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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27
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Entwistle J, Kutereba C. Nursing care study: trichobezoar. Nurs Mirror Midwives J 1976; 142:56-8. [PMID: 57608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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