Primary Small Intestinal Angiosarcoma: Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Treatment

Angiosarcoma is an aggressive mesenchymal sarcoma of endothelial cell origin with high mortality. Its occurrence in the small intestine is exceedingly low. In addition to the rarity of small intestine angiosarcoma, the nonspecific early clinical symptoms obscure the suspicion of such tumors and thereby delay the diagnosis. In a hope to improve the knowledge of this rare but fatal neoplasm, we report one case of angiosarcoma of duodenum and jejunum in a 73-year-old man. Furthermore, we summarize and analyze the common clinical features, tumor markers, treatment, and survival of previous reported cases of this malignancy. Small bowel angiosarcoma occurs more often in men than women (1.6:1). The median age at diagnosis is 68.5 years. The overall median survival time is 150 days; the median survival time in female (300 days) is longer than that of male patients (120 days). Von Willebrand factor (vWF), CD31, CD34, vimentin, and Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 appear to be the most useful markers for the diagnosis. The majority of the patients underwent surgical resection alone or surgery with subsequent chemotherapy. The patients treated with surgery plus chemotherapy survive longer than those underwent surgical resection only (median 420 days, n = 7 vs. 96.5 days, n = 26, respectively; P = 0.0275). Further studies of more cases are needed for a better understanding of this rare entity, as well as the development of effective strategies for prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment.

Elevated erythropoietin and multicystic neoplasm of the pancreas

Cystic lesions of the pancreas are more frequently recognized due to the widespread use of improved imaging techniques. There are a variety of pancreatic cystic lesions with different clinical presentations and malignant potentials, and their management depends on the type of the cysts. Although the early recognition of a cystic neoplasm with malignant potential provides an opportunity of early surgical treatment, the precise diagnosis of the cystic neoplasm can be a challenge, largely due to the lack of reliable biomarkers of malignant transformation. We report a case of a large, multicystic neoplasm within the body and tail of the pancreas complicated by elevated erythropoietin, which is likely related to the malignant transformation of the pancreatic neoplasm.