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Pei XY, Su H, Weng JL, Sun F. [Combination of periodontal, endodontic, orthodontic and implant therapy in a severe periodontitis: a case report]. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2021; 56:1020-1024. [PMID: 34619897 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20201108-00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X Y Pei
- First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100034, China
| | - H Su
- First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100034, China
| | - J L Weng
- First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100034, China
| | - F Sun
- First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100034, China
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Workman MJ, Gomes B, Weng JL, Ista LK, Jesus CP, David MR, Ramalho-Ortigao M, Genta FA, Matthews SK, Durvasula R, Hurwitz I. Yeast-encapsulated essential oils: a new perspective as an environmentally friendly larvicide. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:19. [PMID: 31931883 PMCID: PMC6958686 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3870-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective mosquito control approaches incorporate both adult and larval stages. For the latter, physical, biological, and chemical control have been used with varying results. Successful control of larvae has been demonstrated using larvicides including insect growth regulators, e.g. the organophosphate temephos, as well as various entomopathogenic microbial species. However, a variety of health and environmental issues are associated with some of these. Laboratory trials of essential oils (EO) have established the larvicidal activity of these substances, but there are currently no commercially available EO-based larvicides. Here we report on the development of a new approach to mosquito larval control using a novel, yeast-based delivery system for EO. METHODS Food-grade orange oil (OO) was encapsulated into yeast cells following an established protocol. To prevent environmental contamination, a proprietary washing strategy was developed to remove excess EO that is adsorbed to the cell exterior during the encapsulation process. The OO-loaded yeast particles were then characterized for OO loading, and tested for efficacy against Aedes aegypti larvae. RESULTS The composition of encapsulated OO extracted from the yeast microparticles was demonstrated not to differ from that of un-encapsulated EO when analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. After lyophilization, the oil in the larvicide comprised 26-30 percentage weight (wt%), and is consistent with the 60-65% reduction in weight observed after the drying process. Quantitative bioassays carried with Liverpool and Rockefeller Ae. aegypti strains in three different laboratories presented LD50 of 5.1 (95% CI: 4.6-5.6) to 27.6 (95% CI: 26.4-28.8) mg/l, for L1 and L3/L4 mosquito larvae, respectively. LD90 ranged between 18.9 (95% CI: 16.4-21.7) mg/l (L1 larvae) to 76.7 (95% CI: 69.7-84.3) mg/l (L3/L4 larvae). CONCLUSIONS The larvicide based on OO encapsulated in yeast was shown to be highly active (LD50 < 50 mg/l) against all larval stages of Ae. aegypti. These results demonstrate its potential for incorporation in an integrated approach to larval source management of Ae. aegypti. This novel approach can enable development of affordable control strategies that may have significant impact on global health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Workman
- Center for Global Health, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Bruno Gomes
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC-Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ju-Lin Weng
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Linnea K Ista
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Camila P Jesus
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC-Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana R David
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC-Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Ramalho-Ortigao
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fernando A Genta
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC-Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Scott K Matthews
- Department of General Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Ravi Durvasula
- Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Ivy Hurwitz
- Center for Global Health, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
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Malta J, Martins GF, Weng JL, Fernandes KM, Munford ML, Ramalho-Ortigão M. Effects of specific antisera targeting peritrophic matrix-associated proteins in the sand fly vector Phlebotomus papatasi. Acta Trop 2016; 159:161-9. [PMID: 27012717 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In many hematophagous insects, the peritrophic matrix (PM) is formed soon after a blood meal (PBM) to compartmentalize the food bolus. The PM is an important component of vector competence, functioning as a barrier to the development of many pathogens including parasites of the genus Leishmania transmitted by sand flies. PM morphology and permeability are associated with the proteins that are part of the PM scaffolding, including several peritrophins, and chitin fibers. Here, we assessed the effects of specific antisera targeting proteins thought to be an integral part of the PM scaffolding and its process of maturation and degradation. Phlebotomus papatasi sand flies were fed with red blood cells reconstituted with antisera targeting the chitinase PpChit1, and the peritrophin PpPer2. Sand fly midguts were dissected at different time points and processed for light microscopy (LM), confocal and transmission electron (TEM) microscopies (24, 42-46, 48 and 72h PBM), scanning electron (SEM) (48h PBM) and atomic force (AFM) (30h PBM) microscopies. TEM and WGA-FITC staining indicate PM degradation was significantly delayed following feeding of flies on anti-PpChit1. AFM analysis at 30h PBM point to an increase in roughness' amplitude of the PM of flies that fed on either anti-PpChit1 or anti-PpPer2. Collective, our data suggest that antibodies targeting PM-associated proteins affects the kinetics of PM maturation, delaying its degradation and disruption and are potential targets on transmission-blocking vaccines strategies.
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Heerman M, Weng JL, Hurwitz I, Durvasula R, Ramalho-Ortigao M. Bacterial Infection and Immune Responses in Lutzomyia longipalpis Sand Fly Larvae Midgut. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0003923. [PMID: 26154607 PMCID: PMC4495979 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The midgut microbial community in insect vectors of disease is crucial for an effective immune response against infection with various human and animal pathogens. Depending on the aspects of their development, insects can acquire microbes present in soil, water, and plants. Sand flies are major vectors of leishmaniasis, and shown to harbor a wide variety of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Sand fly larval stages acquire microorganisms from the soil, and the abundance and distribution of these microorganisms may vary depending on the sand fly species or the breeding site. Here, we assess the distribution of two bacteria commonly found within the gut of sand flies, Pantoea agglomerans and Bacillus subtilis. We demonstrate that these bacteria are able to differentially infect the larval digestive tract, and regulate the immune response in sand fly larvae. Moreover, bacterial distribution, and likely the ability to colonize the gut, is driven, at least in part, by a gradient of pH present in the gut. Symbiotic microorganisms influence many aspects of the physiology of their hosts. In insects, symbiotic bacteria are able among other things to modulate the immune response and the development of the insect from larval stages to adult. Many bacteria first gain access to insect tissues, such as the gut, during larval development, and are acquired from the environment. Thus, depending on the insect ecology, aquatic vs. terrestrial, the bacterial gut flora found in insects can vary widely. Little is known about the events that follow bacterial infection in larval guts and the driving forces for colonization of the gut by such bacteria. We investigated the distribution of two bacteria, a Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis) and a Gram-negative (Pantoea agglomerans) fed to sand fly larvae. Our results indicate that bacteria distribution in the larval gut is driven by their ability to multiply at a given pH, as pH in the gut also varies. Gut distribution by these bacteria lead to an immune response that the sand fly larva is able to modulate according to the bacterial species. Our findings can influence development of paratransgenic approaches that utilize bacterial symbionts to control vector population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Heerman
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Ju-Lin Weng
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Ivy Hurwitz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Ravi Durvasula
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
- New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Marcelo Ramalho-Ortigao
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Weng JL, Young SL, Gordon DM, Claborn D, Petersen C, Ramalho-Ortigao M. First report of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Kansas and Missouri, and a PCR method to distinguish Lutzomyia shannoni from Lutzomyia vexator. J Med Entomol 2012; 49:1460-1465. [PMID: 23270176 PMCID: PMC3533249 DOI: 10.1603/me12105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Sand flies Lutzomyia (Psathyromyia) shannoni (Dyar) and Lu. (Helcocyrtomyia) vexator (Coquillet) were collected for the first time in southwest Missouri and southeast Kansas, expanding the known range of these species in North America. Altogether, 680 sand flies (356 males and 324 females) were collected during trapping from May through October 2011 and identified using morphological characters. Of the total sand flies collected, 315 were identified as Lu. shannoni, with 181 individuals (or 26.6% of all sand flies) trapped in Missouri and 134 individuals (or 19.7%) trapped in Kansas. Whereas 358 Lu. vexator were identified from southwest Missouri, only a single specimen was trapped in southeast Kansas. One male Lu. vexator with asymmetric gonostyli was trapped in Missouri. We also developed a polymerase chain reaction protocol to consistently and accurately distinguish Lu. shannoni from Lu. vexator based on presence or absence of a 416 bp fragment from the cytochrome oxidase c subunit 1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Lin Weng
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, 66506, USA
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Barrantes G, Eberhard WG, Weng JL. Seasonal patterns of parasitism of the tropical spiders Theridion evexum (Araneae, Theridiidae) and Allocyclosa bifurca (Araneae, Araneidae) by the wasps Zatypota petronae and Polysphincta gutfreundi (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). REV BIOL TROP 2008; 56:749-754. [PMID: 19256441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The rates of parasitism of Theridion evexum by the parasitoid wasp Zatypota petronae, and Allocyclosa bifurca by Polysphincta gutfreundi, were followed for two years. Parasitism of T. evexum was very low (mean 1.39 +/- 1.8%), and restricted to nearly seven months of the year. Parasitism of A. bifurca was higher (mean 7.8 +/- 7.6%), and did not show a seasonal pattern. Reproduction of the host spider T evexum was highly seasonal, with only one, highly coordinated generation per year, while adults of A. bifurca were present year round. Short-term autocorrelation on parasitism rates over time at different sites suggest that P. gutfreundi tend to return to the same sites to hunt hosts over periods of a few weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert Barrantes
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica,
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Eberhard WG, Barrantes G, Weng JL. Tie them up tight: wrapping by Philoponella vicina spiders breaks, compresses and sometimes kills their prey. Naturwissenschaften 2006; 93:251-4. [PMID: 16544123 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-006-0094-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2005] [Accepted: 01/19/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We show that uloborid spiders, which lack the poison glands typical of nearly all other spiders, employ thousands of wrapping movements with their hind legs and up to hundreds of meters of silk line to make a shroud that applies substantial compressive force to their prey. Shrouds sometimes break the prey's legs, buckle its compound eyes inward, or kill it outright. The compressive force apparently results from the summation of small tensions on sticky lines as they are applied to the prey package. Behavioral details indicate that wrapping is designed to compact prey; in turn, compaction probably functions to facilitate these spiders' unusual method of feeding. This is the first demonstration that prey wrapping by spiders compacts and physically damages their prey, rather than simply restraining them.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G Eberhard
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, and Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria, Costa Rica
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Liu RH, Edwards C, Baugh LD, Weng JL, Fyfe MJ, Walia AS. Selection of an appropriate initial test cutoff concentration for workplace drug urinalysis--Cannabis example. J Anal Toxicol 1994; 18:65-70. [PMID: 8207936 DOI: 10.1093/jat/18.2.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Apparent analyte concentration (equivalent of 11-nor-delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid [9-THC-COOH]) obtained by radioimmunoassay (RIA) for cannabinoids using reagents manufactured at four different periods (from the same manufacturer) and specific 9-THC-COOH concentration as determined by GC/MS are examined for the significance of their correlation. The resulting regression equations are then used to estimate the apparent RIA analyte concentrations of reagents manufactured at different time periods that are equivalent to a specific 9-THC-COOH concentration. Correlation coefficients of the regression analysis improve from approximately 0.4 to 0.7 in parallel with the increasing reagent specificity. The apparent RIA analyte concentrations that correspond to 15 ng/mL 9-THC-COOH decrease from about 110 to 50 ng/mL again in parallel with the increasing reagent specificity. These findings empirically demonstrate that reagent specificity is the determining factor of the resulting apparent RIA analyte concentration when testing samples that contain 9-THC-COOH and other metabolites (derived from marijuana exposure). Thus, if the 9-THC-COOH concentration as determined by GC/MS is of primary concern, the initial test cutoff concentration should be adjusted in accordance with the specificity of the reagent used.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Liu
- Graduate Program in Forensic Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham 35294
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Langner JG, Gan BK, Liu RH, Baugh LD, Chand P, Weng JL, Edwards C, Walia AS. Enzymatic digestion, solid-phase extraction, and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of derivatized intact oxazepam in urine. Clin Chem 1991; 37:1595-601. [PMID: 1893596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic digestion with beta-glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31) was used to release intact oxazepam from urine samples containing the d5-analog internal standard. The resulting specimens were extracted with Du Pont PREP Type W cartridge (processed by a PREP Automated Sample Processor), Bond Elut Certify, and J.T. Baker "spe" columns for comparison of the columns' extraction recovery and overall effectiveness. Methyl iodide/tetrahexylammonium hydrogen sulfate and N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide/trimethylchlorosilane (10 g/L) were used for the methylation and trimethylsilylation studies. We used a Hewlett-Packard HP 5790 mass-selective detector equipped with a 13-m J & W DB-5 column (5% phenyl polysiloxane phase) for gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) analysis and the Thru-Put Target software package for data processing. After several exploratory experiments, we adopted the Du Pont PREP system methylation procedure because of its effective recovery, the superior stability of the derivatization product, the possibility of incorporating a clean-up step, and the potential for high throughput. The extraction recovery from a set of control samples was 87%. Coefficients of variation obtained for six replicates of GC/MS analysis and for the overall procedure were 1% and 3%, respectively. Excellent linearity was established in the 50-8000 micrograms/L concentration range studied. With the use of 3-mL samples, a 20-microL final reconstitution volume, oxazepam at 50 micrograms/L was easily detected under the adopted operation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Langner
- Environmental Health Research and Testing, Inc., Birmingham, AL 35205
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Langner JG, Gan BK, Liu RH, Baugh LD, Chand P, Weng JL, Edwards C, Walia AS. Enzymatic digestion, solid-phase extraction, and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of derivatized intact oxazepam in urine. Clin Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/37.9.1595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Enzymatic digestion with beta-glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31) was used to release intact oxazepam from urine samples containing the d5-analog internal standard. The resulting specimens were extracted with Du Pont PREP Type W cartridge (processed by a PREP Automated Sample Processor), Bond Elut Certify, and J.T. Baker "spe" columns for comparison of the columns' extraction recovery and overall effectiveness. Methyl iodide/tetrahexylammonium hydrogen sulfate and N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide/trimethylchlorosilane (10 g/L) were used for the methylation and trimethylsilylation studies. We used a Hewlett-Packard HP 5790 mass-selective detector equipped with a 13-m J & W DB-5 column (5% phenyl polysiloxane phase) for gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) analysis and the Thru-Put Target software package for data processing. After several exploratory experiments, we adopted the Du Pont PREP system methylation procedure because of its effective recovery, the superior stability of the derivatization product, the possibility of incorporating a clean-up step, and the potential for high throughput. The extraction recovery from a set of control samples was 87%. Coefficients of variation obtained for six replicates of GC/MS analysis and for the overall procedure were 1% and 3%, respectively. Excellent linearity was established in the 50-8000 micrograms/L concentration range studied. With the use of 3-mL samples, a 20-microL final reconstitution volume, oxazepam at 50 micrograms/L was easily detected under the adopted operation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Langner
- Environmental Health Research and Testing, Inc., Birmingham, AL 35205
| | - B K Gan
- Environmental Health Research and Testing, Inc., Birmingham, AL 35205
| | - R H Liu
- Environmental Health Research and Testing, Inc., Birmingham, AL 35205
| | - L D Baugh
- Environmental Health Research and Testing, Inc., Birmingham, AL 35205
| | - P Chand
- Environmental Health Research and Testing, Inc., Birmingham, AL 35205
| | - J L Weng
- Environmental Health Research and Testing, Inc., Birmingham, AL 35205
| | - C Edwards
- Environmental Health Research and Testing, Inc., Birmingham, AL 35205
| | - A S Walia
- Environmental Health Research and Testing, Inc., Birmingham, AL 35205
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