1
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Nakashima F, Giménez-Bastida JA, Luis PB, Presley SH, Boer RE, Chiusa M, Shibata T, Sulikowski GA, Pozzi A, Schneider C. The 5-lipoxygenase/cyclooxygenase-2 cross-over metabolite, hemiketal E 2, enhances VEGFR2 activation and promotes angiogenesis. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:103050. [PMID: 36813233 PMCID: PMC10040730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.103050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Consecutive oxygenation of arachidonic acid by 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase-2 yields the hemiketal eicosanoids, HKE2 and HKD2. Hemiketals stimulate angiogenesis by inducing endothelial cell tubulogenesis in culture; however, how this process is regulated has not been determined. Here, we identify vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) as a mediator of HKE2-induced angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. We found that HKE2 treatment of human umbilical vein endothelial cells dose-dependently increased the phosphorylation of VEGFR2 and the downstream kinases ERK and Akt that mediated endothelial cell tubulogenesis. In vivo, HKE2 induced the growth of blood vessels into polyacetal sponges implanted in mice. HKE2-mediated effects in vitro and in vivo were blocked by the VEGFR2 inhibitor vatalanib, indicating that the pro-angiogenic effect of HKE2 was mediated by VEGFR2. HKE2 covalently bound and inhibited PTP1B, a protein tyrosine phosphatase that dephosphorylates VEGFR2, thereby providing a possible molecular mechanism for how HKE2 induced pro-angiogenic signaling. In summary, our studies indicate that biosynthetic cross-over of the 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase-2 pathways gives rise to a potent lipid autacoid that regulates endothelial cell function in vitro and in vivo. These findings suggest that common drugs targeting the arachidonic acid pathway could prove useful in antiangiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumie Nakashima
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Juan A Giménez-Bastida
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Paula B Luis
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sai H Presley
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Robert E Boer
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Manuel Chiusa
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Takahiro Shibata
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Gary A Sulikowski
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ambra Pozzi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
| | - Claus Schneider
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
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2
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Iglesias-Aguirre CE, Cortés-Martín A, Ávila-Gálvez MÁ, Giménez-Bastida JA, Selma MV, González-Sarrías A, Espín JC. Main drivers of (poly)phenol effects on human health: metabolite production and/or gut microbiota-associated metabotypes? Food Funct 2021; 12:10324-10355. [PMID: 34558584 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02033a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite the high human interindividual variability in response to (poly)phenol consumption, the cause-and-effect relationship between some dietary (poly)phenols (flavanols and olive oil phenolics) and health effects (endothelial function and prevention of LDL oxidation, respectively) has been well established. Most of the variables affecting this interindividual variability have been identified (food matrix, gut microbiota, single-nucleotide-polymorphisms, etc.). However, the final drivers for the health effects of (poly)phenol consumption have not been fully identified. At least partially, these drivers could be (i) the (poly)phenols ingested that exert their effect in the gastrointestinal tract, (ii) the bioavailable metabolites that exert their effects systemically and/or (iii) the gut microbial ecology associated with (poly)phenol metabolism (i.e., gut microbiota-associated metabotypes). However, statistical associations between health effects and the occurrence of circulating and/or excreted metabolites, as well as cross-sectional studies that correlate gut microbial ecologies and health, do not prove a causal role unequivocally. We provide a critical overview and perspective on the possible main drivers of the effects of (poly)phenols on human health and suggest possible actions to identify the putative actors responsible for the effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos E Iglesias-Aguirre
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Adrián Cortés-Martín
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - María Á Ávila-Gálvez
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (IBET), Apartado 12, 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Juan A Giménez-Bastida
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - María V Selma
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Antonio González-Sarrías
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Juan Carlos Espín
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
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3
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Nakashima F, Suzuki T, Gordon ON, Golding D, Okuno T, Giménez-Bastida JA, Yokomizo T, Schneider C. Biosynthetic Crossover of 5-Lipoxygenase and Cyclooxygenase-2 Yields 5-Hydroxy-PGE 2 and 5-Hydroxy-PGD 2. JACS Au 2021; 1:1380-1388. [PMID: 34604848 PMCID: PMC8479768 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthetic crossover of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzymatic activities is a productive pathway to convert arachidonic acid into unique eicosanoids. Here, we show that COX-2 catalysis with 5-LOX derived 5-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid yields the endoperoxide 5-hydroxy-PGH2 that spontaneously rearranges to 5-OH-PGE2 and 5-OH-PGD2, the 5-hydroxy analogs of arachidonic acid derived PGE2 and PGD2. The endoperoxide was identified via its predicted degradation product, 5,12-dihydroxy-heptadecatri-6E,8E,10E-enoic acid, and by SnCl2-mediated reduction to 5-OH-PGF2α. Both 5-OH-PGE2 and 5-OH-PGD2 were unstable and degraded rapidly upon treatment with weak base. This instability hampered detection in biologic samples which was overcome by in situ reduction using NaBH4 to yield the corresponding stable 5-OH-PGF2 diastereomers and enabled detection of 5-OH-PGF2α in activated primary human leukocytes. 5-OH-PGE2 and 5-OH-PGD2 were unable to activate EP and DP prostanoid receptors, suggesting their bioactivity is distinct from PGE2 and PGD2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumie Nakashima
- Division
of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, and Vanderbilt
Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt
University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Division
of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, and Vanderbilt
Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt
University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Odaine N. Gordon
- Division
of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, and Vanderbilt
Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt
University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Dominic Golding
- Division
of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, and Vanderbilt
Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt
University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Toshiaki Okuno
- Department
of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate
School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Juan A. Giménez-Bastida
- Division
of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, and Vanderbilt
Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt
University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department
of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate
School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Claus Schneider
- Division
of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, and Vanderbilt
Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt
University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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4
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Ávila-Gálvez MA, Giménez-Bastida JA, González-Sarrías A, Espín JC. Tissue deconjugation of urolithin A glucuronide to free urolithin A in systemic inflammation. Food Funct 2019; 10:3135-3141. [PMID: 31041969 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00298g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Urolithin A (Uro-A) is an anti-inflammatory and cancer chemopreventive metabolite produced by the gut microbiota from the polyphenol ellagic acid. However, in vivo conjugation of Uro-A to Uro-A glucuronide (Uro-A glur) dramatically hampers its activity. We describe here for the first time the tissue deconjugation of Uro-A glur to Uro-A after lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation, which could explain the systemic in vivo activity of free Uro-A in microenvironments subjected to inflammatory stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Ávila-Gálvez
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
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5
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Alli-Oluwafuyi AM, Luis PB, Nakashima F, Giménez-Bastida JA, Presley SH, Duvernay MT, Iwalewa EO, Schneider C. Curcumin induces secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 through an oxidation-dependent mechanism. Biochimie 2019; 165:250-257. [PMID: 31470039 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin shows antiglycemic effects in animals. Curcumin is chemically unstable at physiological pH, and its oxidative degradation products were shown to contribute to its anti-inflammatory effects. Since the degradation products may also contribute to other effects, we analyzed their role in the antiglycemic activity of curcumin. We quantified curcumin-induced release of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) from mouse STC-1 cells that represent enteroendocrine L-cells as a major source of this anti-diabetic hormone. Curcumin induced secretion of GLP-1 in a dose-dependent manner. Two chemically stable analogues of curcumin that do not readily undergo degradation, were less active while two unstable analogues were active secretagogues. Chromatographically isolated spiroepoxide, an unstable oxidative metabolite of curcumin with anti-inflammatory activity, also induced secretion of GLP-1. Stable compounds like the final oxidative metabolite bicyclopentadione, and the major plasma metabolite, curcumin-glucuronide, were inactive. GLP-1 secretion induced by curcumin and its oxidative degradation products was associated with activation of PKC, ERK, and CaM kinase II. Since activity largely correlated with instability of curcumin and the analogues, we tested the extent of covalent binding to proteins in STC-1 cells and found it occurred with similar affinity as N-ethylmaleimide, indicating covalent binding occurred with nucleophilic cysteine residues. These results suggest that oxidative metabolites of curcumin are involved in the antiglycemic effects of curcumin. Our findings support the hypothesis that curcumin functions as a pro-drug requiring oxidative activation to reveal its bioactive metabolites that act by binding to target proteins thereby causing a change in function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul-Musawwir Alli-Oluwafuyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Paula B Luis
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Fumie Nakashima
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Juan A Giménez-Bastida
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Sai Han Presley
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Matthew T Duvernay
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Ezekiel O Iwalewa
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Claus Schneider
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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6
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Giménez-Bastida JA, Laparra-Llopis JM, Baczek N, Zielinski H. Buckwheat and buckwheat enriched products exert an anti-inflammatory effect on the myofibroblasts of colon CCD-18Co. Food Funct 2018; 9:3387-3397. [PMID: 29870039 PMCID: PMC6597957 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00193f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Buckwheat (BW) constitutes a good source of bioactive components that show anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo. The use of functional foods in the prevention and treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) has aroused increasing interest. This study investigates the effect of in vitro digested BW and BW-enriched products (BW-enriched wheat breads, roasted BW groats -fermented and non-fermented-, and BW sprouts) on colon myofibroblasts, the cells involved in the regulation of inflammatory response in the intestine. The cells were treated with different digested-BW products, alone or together with TNF-α (20 ng mL-1), and the effects on the cell migration, mitochondrial membrane potential and cell cycle, processes altered during intestinal inflammation, were investigated. A significant reduction in TNF-α-induced migration (25.5%, p < 0.05) and attenuation of the TNF-α-altered cell cycle (p < 0.05) was observed in myofibroblasts treated with BW-enriched white wheat bread. These results contribute to extend the beneficial effects derived from BW bioactive compounds, and suggest that BW consumption can exert beneficial effects on IBDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Giménez-Bastida
- Department of Pharmacology. Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, RRB 514, 23rd Ave. S. at Pierce, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA
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7
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Giménez-Bastida JA, Boeglin WE, Boutaud O, Malkowski MG, Schneider C. Residual cyclooxygenase activity of aspirin-acetylated COX-2 forms 15 R-prostaglandins that inhibit platelet aggregation. FASEB J 2018; 33:1033-1041. [PMID: 30096040 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801018r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) inhibits prostaglandin (PG) synthesis by transfer of its acetyl group to a serine residue in the cyclooxygenase (COX) active site. Acetylation of Ser530 inhibits catalysis by preventing access of arachidonic acid substrate in the COX-1 isoenzyme. Acetylated COX-2, in contrast, gains a new catalytic activity and forms 15 R hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (15 R-HETE) as alternate product. Here we show that acetylated COX-2 also retains COX activity, forming predominantly 15 R-configuration PGs (70 or 62% 15 R, respectively, determined using radiolabeled substrate or LC-MS analysis). Although the Km of arachidonic acid for acetylated COX-2 was ∼3-fold lower than for uninhibited COX-2, the catalytic efficiency for PG formation by the acetylated enzyme was reduced 10-fold due to a concomitant decrease in Vmax. Aspirin increased 15 R-PGD2 but not 15 R-PGE2 in isolated human leukocytes activated with LPS to induce COX-2. 15 R-PGD2 inhibited human platelet aggregation induced by the thromboxane receptor agonist U46,619, and this effect was abrogated by an antagonist of the DP1 prostanoid receptor. We conclude that acetylation of Ser530 in COX-2 not only triggers formation of 15 R-HETE but also allows oxygenation and cyclization of arachidonic acid to a 15 R-PG endoperoxide. 15 R-PGs are novel products of aspirin therapy via acetylation of COX-2 and may contribute to its antiplatelet and other pharmacologic effects.-Giménez-Bastida, J. A., Boeglin, W. E., Boutaud, O., Malkowski, M. G., Schneider, C. Residual cyclooxygenase activity of aspirin-acetylated COX-2 forms 15 R-prostaglandins that inhibit platelet aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Giménez-Bastida
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and
| | - William E Boeglin
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and
| | - Olivier Boutaud
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and
| | - Michael G Malkowski
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Claus Schneider
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and
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8
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Nakashima F, Shibata T, Kamiya K, Yoshitake J, Kikuchi R, Matsushita T, Ishii I, Giménez-Bastida JA, Schneider C, Uchida K. Structural and functional insights into S-thiolation of human serum albumins. Sci Rep 2018; 8:932. [PMID: 29343798 PMCID: PMC5772555 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19610-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Human serum albumin (HSA) is the most abundant serum protein, contributing to the maintenance of redox balance in the extracellular fluids. One single free cysteine residue at position 34 is believed to be a target of oxidation. However, the molecular details and functions of oxidized HSAs remain obscure. Here we analyzed serum samples from normal subjects and hyperlipidemia patients and observed an enhanced S-thiolation of HSA in the hyperlipidemia patients as compared to the control individuals. Both cysteine and homocysteine were identified as the low molecular weight thiols bound to the HSAs. Intriguingly, S-thiolations were observed not only at Cys34, but also at multiple cysteine residues in the disulfide bonds of HSA. When the serum albumins from genetically modified mice that exhibit high levels of total homocysteine in serum were analyzed, we observed an enhanced S-homocysteinylation at multiple cysteine residues. In addition, the cysteine residues in the disulfide bonds were also thiolated in recombinant HSA that had been treated with the disulfide molecules. These findings and the result that S-homocysteinylation mediated increased surface hydrophobicity and ligand binding activity of HSA offer new insights into structural and functional alternation of serum albumins via S-thiolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumie Nakashima
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shibata
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Kohei Kamiya
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Jun Yoshitake
- Institute for Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kikuchi
- Department of Medical Technique, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, 466-8560, Japan
| | - Tadashi Matsushita
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Blood Transfusion, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, 466-8560, Japan
| | - Isao Ishii
- Department of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan
| | - Juan A Giménez-Bastida
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232, USA
| | - Claus Schneider
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232, USA
| | - Koji Uchida
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan. .,Institute for Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan. .,Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
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9
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Giménez-Bastida JA, Shibata T, Uchida K, Schneider C. Roles of 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase-2 in the biosynthesis of hemiketals E 2 and D 2 by activated human leukocytes. FASEB J 2017; 31:1867-1878. [PMID: 28096231 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601136r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The 2 hemiketal (HK) eicosanoids HKD2 and HKE2 are the major products of the biosynthetic crossover of the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) pathways. HKs result from the rearrangement of a di-endoperoxide intermediate formed in the COX-2-dependent oxygenation of 5S-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5S-HETE). We analyzed HK biosynthesis in human leukocytes stimulated ex vivo and defined the biosynthetic roles of 5-LOX and COX-2, using inhibitors and incubations with exogenous substrates. Activation of leukocytes with LPS followed by treatment with the calcium ionophore A23187 resulted in the formation of PGE2, 5-HETE, and LTB4 as the principal metabolites of COX-2 and 5-LOX, respectively. The formation of HKD2 and HKE2 was highest after 15 min LPS treatment, and at that time, levels were similar to PGE2, but less than 5-HETE and LTB4 The time course of HK formation paralleled that of 5-HETE and LTB4, implying the availability of the 5S-HETE substrate as a limiting factor in biosynthesis rather than expression levels of COX-2. Specific inhibitors of COX-2 and 5-LOX decreased formation of HKD2 and HKE2 Platelets did not form HKs from exogenous 5S-HETE, implying that COX-1 is not involved. HKs are early products during an inflammatory event and require cells that express 5-LOX and COX-2 for their biosynthesis.-Giménez-Bastida, J. A., Shibata, T., Uchida, K., Schneider, C. Roles of 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase-2 in the biosynthesis of hemiketals E2 and D2 by activated human leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Giménez-Bastida
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Takahiro Shibata
- Division of Biofunctional Chemistry, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; and
| | - Koji Uchida
- Division of Biofunctional Chemistry, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; and.,Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Claus Schneider
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; .,Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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10
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Giménez-Bastida JA, Suzuki T, Sprinkel KC, Boeglin WE, Schneider C. Biomimetic synthesis of hemiketal eicosanoids for biological testing. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2016; 132:41-46. [PMID: 27596332 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The hemiketal (HK) eicosanoids HKE2 and HKD2 are the major products resulting from the biosynthetic cross-over of the 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase-2 pathways. They are formed by activated human leukocytes ex vivo, and, therefore, may be involved in regulation of the inflammatory response as autocrine or paracrine mediators. HKE2 and HKD2 are not commercially available and, so far, no method for their total chemical synthesis has been reported. The limited availability has impeded the characterization of their biological effects. Here, we describe a method for biomimetic preparation of HKE2 and HKD2 by reaction of recombinant human cyclooxygenase-2 with chemically synthesized 5S-HETE. We found that HKE2 did not induce or inhibit the release of TNFα and IL-1β by human THP-1 monocytes and phorbol ester treatment-derived macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Giménez-Bastida
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN 37232, U.S.A, USA
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN 37232, U.S.A, USA
| | - Katie C Sprinkel
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN 37232, U.S.A, USA
| | - William E Boeglin
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN 37232, U.S.A, USA
| | - Claus Schneider
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN 37232, U.S.A, USA.
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Giménez-Bastida JA, González-Sarrías A, Larrosa M, Tomás-Barberán F, Espín JC, García-Conesa MT. Ellagitannin metabolites, urolithin A glucuronide and its aglycone urolithin A, ameliorate TNF-α-induced inflammation and associated molecular markers in human aortic endothelial cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 56:784-96. [PMID: 22648625 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that ellagitannins exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-atherosclerotic and anti-angiogenic activity which support their potential preventive effect against cardiovascular diseases. Ellagitannins exhibit low bioavailability and are transformed in the gut to ellagic acid and its microbiota metabolites urolithin A (Uro-A) and urolithin B (Uro-B). Urolithins are found in plasma mostly as glucuronides at low μM concentrations. We investigated whether urolithin glucuronides and their aglycones exhibit vascular protective effects. METHODS AND RESULTS Human aortic endothelial cells were exposed to tumor necrosis factor alpha and to Uro-A glucuronide, Uro-B glucuronide or their corresponding aglycones at low μM concentrations to determine their effects on monocytes adhesion and endothelial cell migration. The levels of related adhesion cytokines and growth molecular markers were also measured. Uro-A glucuronide (∼5-15 μM) inhibited monocyte adhesion and endothelial cell migration in a significant manner. These effects were associated with a moderate but significant down-regulation of the levels of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Uro-A inhibited endothelial cell migration and was able to decrease the expression of CCL2 and interleukin-8 (IL-8). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that these metabolites might be involved, at least in part, in the beneficial effects against cardiovascular diseases attributed to the consumption of ellagitannin-containing foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Giménez-Bastida
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
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García-Villalba R, Giménez-Bastida JA, García-Conesa MT, Tomás-Barberán FA, Carlos Espín J, Larrosa M. Alternative method for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of short-chain fatty acids in faecal samples. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:1906-13. [PMID: 22865755 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201101121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids are the major end products of bacterial metabolism in the large bowel. They derive mostly from the bacterial breakdown of carbohydrates and are known to have positive health benefits. Due to the biological relevance of these compounds it is important to develop efficient, cheap, fast, and sensitive analytical methods that enable the identification and quantification of the short-chain fatty acids in a large number of biological samples. In this study, a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the analysis of short-chain fatty acids in faecal samples. These volatile compounds were extracted with ethyl acetate and 4-methyl valeric acid was used as an internal standard. No further cleanup, concentration, and derivatization steps were needed and the extract was directly injected onto the column. Recoveries ranged between 65 and 105%, and no matrix effects were observed. The proposed method has wide linear ranges, good inter- and intraday variability values (below 2.6 and 5.6%, respectively) and limits of detection between 0.49 μM (0.29 μg/g) and 4.31 μM (3.8 μg/g). The applicability of this analytical method was successfully tested in faecal samples from rats and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio García-Villalba
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain.
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Giménez-Bastida JA, Larrosa M, González-Sarrías A, Tomás-Barberán F, Espín JC, García-Conesa MT. Intestinal ellagitannin metabolites ameliorate cytokine-induced inflammation and associated molecular markers in human colon fibroblasts. J Agric Food Chem 2012; 60:8866-8876. [PMID: 22463485 DOI: 10.1021/jf300290f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Pomegranate ellagitannins (ETs) are transformed in the gut to ellagic acid (EA) and its microbiota metabolites, urolithin A (Uro-A) and urolithin B (Uro-B). These compounds exert anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Uro-A, Uro-B, and EA on colon fibroblasts, cells that play a key role in intestinal inflammation. CCD18-Co colon fibroblasts were exposed to a mixture of Uro-A, Uro-B, and EA, at concentrations comparable to those found in the colon (40 μM Uro-A, 5 μM Uro-B, 1 μM EA), both in the presence or in the absence of IL-1β (1 ng/mL) or TNF-α (50 ng/mL), and the effects on fibroblast migration and monocyte adhesion were determined. The levels of several growth factors and adhesion cytokines were also measured. The mixture of metabolites significantly inhibited colon fibroblast migration (∼70%) and monocyte adhesion to fibroblasts (∼50%). These effects were concomitant with a significant down-regulation of the levels of PGE(2), PAI-1, and IL-8, as well as other key regulators of cell migration and adhesion. Of the three metabolites tested, Uro-A exhibited the most significant anti-inflammatory effects. The results show that a combination of the ET metabolites found in colon, urolithins and EA, at concentrations achievable in the intestine after the consumption of pomegranate, was able to moderately improve the inflammatory response of colon fibroblasts and suggest that consumption of ET-containing foods has potential beneficial effects on gut inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Giménez-Bastida
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC , P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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García-Villalba R, Giménez-Bastida JA, García-Conesa MT, Tomás-Barberán FA, Espín JC, Larrosa M. Alternative method for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of short-chain fatty acids in faecal samples. J Sep Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.2842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rocio García-Villalba
- Research Group on Quality; Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods; Department of Food Science and Technology; CEBAS-CSIC Murcia Spain
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González-Sarrías A, Giménez-Bastida JA, García-Conesa MT, Gómez-Sánchez MB, García-Talavera NV, Gil-Izquierdo A, Sánchez-Álvarez C, Fontana-Compiano LO, Morga-Egea JP, Pastor-Quirante FA, Martínez-Díaz F, Tomás-Barberán FA, Espín JC. Occurrence of urolithins, gut microbiota ellagic acid metabolites and proliferation markers expression response in the human prostate gland upon consumption of walnuts and pomegranate juice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2010; 54:311-22. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200900152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Giménez-Bastida JA, Martínez-Florensa M, Espín JC, Tomás-Barberán FA, García-Conesa MT. A citrus extract containing flavanones represses plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) expression and regulates multiple inflammatory, tissue repair, and fibrosis genes in human colon fibroblasts. J Agric Food Chem 2009; 57:9305-15. [PMID: 19728713 DOI: 10.1021/jf901983g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of flavonoid-rich Citrus extracts has been associated with multiple beneficial effects including anti-inflammatory properties, but the potential effects on the inflammatory responses in the gut have not been thoroughly investigated. We used microarrays to search for molecular changes induced in human colon fibroblasts in response to the exposure to a flavanone-rich bitter orange extract under physiologically representative conditions. Dietary nontoxic levels of the predigested extract induced moderate but significant changes in the expression of genes associated with tissue repair and inflammation. Among the top regulated genes, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) was downregulated, and the matrix metallopeptidase 12 (MMP-12) was upregulated (mRNA and protein levels). Both proteins are involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and fibroblast migration. The extract also affected the fibroblast migration and reduced monocyte adhesion, but the response was different in unstimulated cells and in cells pretreated with TNF-alpha. Collectively, these results were indicative of a moderate activation of the colon fibroblast inflammation-related function after exposure to the extract. Further investigations are required to identify the in vivo role of this Citrus derived extract in the maintenance of the normal balance in the intestine and in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Giménez-Bastida
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC), Murcia, Spain
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