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Muehlbauer E, Saldanha A, Gil EM, Alves TL, Duque JCM, Froes TR. The use of agitated saline as contrast agent in a contrast-enhanced cystosonography for detection of urinary bladder rupture in animal cadavers. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2023; 33:327-331. [PMID: 37087612 DOI: 10.1111/vec.13297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the value of microbubble contrast cystosonography in the diagnosis of bladder rupture in animals. DESIGN Prospective, method comparison study from November 2019 to October 2020. SETTING University teaching hospital. ANIMALS Thirty-four ethically sourced cadavers of dogs, rats, and rabbits. INTERVENTIONS In a prospective and blinded study, the cadavers were divided into 2 randomized groups: with bladder rupture (CR), and without bladder rupture (SR). Urinary catheterization was performed in all cadavers. Through the urethral catheter, bladders in CR group were ruptured using a rigid stainless steel guide wire. Microbubble contrast was infused into the bladder through the urethral catheter, while a single, blinded observer sonographically assessed the bladder. The time to diagnosis and the number of attempts needed for diagnosis were recorded. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The study included cadavers of 16 female Wistar rats, 6 female dogs, 11 male dogs, and 1 male rabbit. Time to diagnosis in dogs (2.25 ± 0.91 min) was statistically higher when compared to rats (1.15 ± 0.75 min; P = 0.03). Of the 34 cases, incorrect diagnosis of bladder rupture was made in only 2 dogs (6%), indicating a diagnostic sensitivity of 88.88%, specificity of 100%, and an accuracy of 94%. The positive predictive value was 1 and the negative predictive value was 0.9. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that the described method is accurate, sensitive, and specific for the detection of bladder rupture in animal cadavers of different species, size, and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloisa Muehlbauer
- Veterinary Sciences Graduate Program, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - André Saldanha
- Veterinary Sciences Graduate Program, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Elaine M Gil
- Veterinary Sciences Graduate Program, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Thais L Alves
- Veterinary Sciences Graduate Program, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Juan C M Duque
- Veterinary Sciences Graduate Program, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Tilde R Froes
- Veterinary Sciences Graduate Program, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Vieira TSWJ, Collere FCM, Ferrari LDR, Baggio RA, Lange RR, Ferrari MV, Duque JCM, Sanches GS, Pereira NA, Aguiar DM, Labruna MB, Vieira RFC. Novel Anaplasmataceae agents Candidatus Ehrlichia hydrochoerus and Anaplasma spp. Infecting Capybaras, Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:480-482. [PMID: 35076373 PMCID: PMC8798694 DOI: 10.3201/eid2802.210705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We amplified Ehrlichia and Anaplasma DNA from Amblyomma dubitatum tick–infested capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) in southern Brazil. Sequencing of 16S rRNA, sodB, and groEL indicated a novel Ehrlichia species, and sequencing of 16S rRNA from 2 capybaras indicated a novel Anaplasma species. The tick vectors remain unknown.
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Vieira RFC, Santos NJR, Valente JDM, Santos LP, Lange RR, Duque JCM, Ferrari MV, Barros Filho IR, Collere FCM, Ferrari LDR, Gonçalves LR, Sanches GS, André MR, Vieira TSWJ. 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haematohydrochoerus', a novel hemoplasma species in capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) from Brazil. Infect Genet Evol 2021; 93:104988. [PMID: 34214674 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Three different species of hemoplasmas have been described in rodents, Mycoplasma coccoides, 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemomuris' and 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemosphiggurus'. Additionally, potentially novel hemoplasma species have been detected in wild rodents from Brazil, including capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris). Capybaras are the largest rodent in the world and are well adapted to live within close proximity to humans, which increases the risk to spread of zoonotic pathogens. Herein, we investigate the occurrence and genetic diversity of hemoplasmas infecting free-ranging capybaras from southern Brazil. Blood samples and ticks from 17 capybaras were collected. Packed cell volume and total plasma protein were measured, DNA was extracted, and further screened by species-specific and pan-hemoplasma PCR assays targeting the 16S rRNA gene of hemoplasmas. Sixteen out of 17 (94.12%; 95% CI: 73.02-98.95%) were anemic. Only one young female was hypoproteinemic. All capybaras were infested by adults and nymphs of Amblyomma dubitatum ticks. Using the PCR assay targeting the 16S rRNA gene of M. coccoides, 13/17 (76.47%; 95% CI: 52.74-90.44%) capybaras were positive for hemoplasmas. When DNA samples were tested by the pan-hemoplasma PCR, 16/17 (94.12%; 95% CI: 73.02-98.95%) animals were positive. One out of 11 (9.09%) adult ticks salivary glands tested positive for hemoplasma by the pan-hemoplasma PCR assay. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the 16S and 23S rRNA gene fragments confirmed that animals were infected by a novel hemotropic Mycoplasma sp. previously reported in capybaras from Brazil. Additionally, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the 23S rRNA gene from three hemoplasma-positive capybaras samples from a previous study performed in midwestern Brazil also confirm our findings. Based on phylogenetic and Neighbor-Net network analysis of the 16S rRNA and 23S rRNA genes, the name 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haematohydrochoerus' is proposed for this novel organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael F C Vieira
- Vector-Borne Diseases Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil; Global One Health initiative (GOHi), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Nelson J R Santos
- Graduate Program in Animal Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Jessica D M Valente
- Vector-Borne Diseases Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Leonardo P Santos
- Vector-Borne Diseases Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Rogério R Lange
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Juan C M Duque
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Marcos V Ferrari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Ivan R Barros Filho
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Flávia C M Collere
- Vector-Borne Diseases Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Larissa D R Ferrari
- Vector-Borne Diseases Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Luiz R Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Departamento de Patologia, Teriogenologia e Saúde Única, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Gustavo S Sanches
- Escola de Ciências da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Marcos R André
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Departamento de Patologia, Teriogenologia e Saúde Única, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Thállitha S W J Vieira
- Vector-Borne Diseases Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Freitag FAV, Muehlbauer E, Gaio TD, Dos Santos AAM, Machado M, Sanchez A, Duque JCM. Evaluation of injection volumes for the transversus abdominis plane block in dog cadavers: a preliminary trial. Vet Anaesth Analg 2020; 48:142-146. [PMID: 33257280 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate staining of nerve branches after the injection of different volumes during ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block in dog cadavers. STUDY DESIGN Prospective randomized study. ANIMALS A total of 15 frozen/thawed adult dog cadavers. METHODS Hemiabdomens were randomly allocated to one of four groups. In groups G0.3, G0.6 and G1.0, ropivacaine-methylene blue solution (0.3, 0.6 and 1.0 mL kg-1 in seven, eight and eight hemiabdomens, respectively) was injected at the midpoint between the iliac crest and the last rib at the height of the shoulder. In group G0.3×2 (seven hemiabdomens), two injections (0.3 mL kg-1) were performed, caudal to the last rib and cranial to the iliac crest at the same height. Total time for injection was recorded; after 30 minutes, cadavers were dissected and spread of dye was evaluated. RESULTS Accuracy of injection site was 80% and injection time was 71 (48-120) seconds for all groups together. Craniocaudal spread was 6.4 ± 1.6, 9.1 ± 2.6, 11.4 ± 2.3 and 11.2 ± 3.8 cm for G0.3, G0.6, G1.0 and G0.3×2, respectively [G0.3 to G0.3×2 (p = 0.044) and G1.0 (p = 0.034)]. There was no difference in dorsoventral spread among groups. Number of ventral nerve branches stained was 3 (2-4), 3 (2-4), 3 (3-4) and 3 (2-4) for G0.3, G0.6, G1.0 and G0.3×2, respectively, including nerve branches from twelfth thoracic to third lumbar (L3) in different proportions among groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggest that a single-injection TAP block, using 0.3 mL kg-1, stains comparable number of nerve branches as higher volumes or two-point injection. Despite the volume or technique, consistent staining of the innervation of the caudal abdomen (L1-L3) was observed. Additional cadaveric studies are necessary to identify the optimal technique for complete abdominal wall staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio A V Freitag
- Veterinary Sciences Graduate Program, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Eloisa Muehlbauer
- Veterinary Sciences Graduate Program, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Thalise daS Gaio
- Veterinary Sciences Graduate Program, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Amanda A M Dos Santos
- Veterinary Sciences Graduate Program, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcello Machado
- Anatomy Department, Biological Science Sector, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Andrea Sanchez
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Juan C M Duque
- Veterinary Sciences Graduate Program, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Freitag FAV, Muehlbauer E, Martini R, Froes TR, Duque JCM. Smartphone otoscope: an alternative technique for intubation in rabbits. Vet Anaesth Analg 2019; 47:281-284. [PMID: 31973915 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Flavio A V Freitag
- Veterinary Sciences Graduate Program, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Eloisa Muehlbauer
- Veterinary Sciences Graduate Program, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Rafaella Martini
- Veterinary Sciences Graduate Program, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Tilde R Froes
- Veterinary Sciences Graduate Program, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Juan C M Duque
- Veterinary Sciences Graduate Program, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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de Almeida DE, Roveratti C, Brito FLC, Godoy GS, Duque JCM, Bechara GH, Laus JL. Conjunctival effects of canine distemper virus-induced keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Vet Ophthalmol 2009; 12:211-5. [PMID: 19604335 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2009.00699.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study compared the histopathology of canine distemper virus (CDV)-induced keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) to non-infectious KCS in conjunctival tissues. ANIMALS STUDIED Forty mongrel dogs were assigned to three distinct groups: (i) non-infectious KCS (G1, n = 10), (ii) CDV-induced KCS (G2, n = 20), and (iii) healthy animals without any ocular alterations (G3, n = 10). PROCEDURE IgG titers and physical and ophthalmic examinations (e.g. Schirmer tear test [STT], tonometry, biomicroscopy, indirect biomicroscopy, and fluorescein test) were performed on all dogs. Conjunctival biopsies were collected and examined microscopically. RESULTS Non-infectious and CDV-induced KCS demonstrated similar histopathological changes. Both types of KCS correlated with low STT, conjunctival hyperemia, mucopurulent ocular discharge, predominant lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, and acantholysis and keratinization of the ocular surface. G1 had lower conjunctival goblet cell counts than G3. Inclusion bodies were sporadically found in conjunctival samples of dogs from G2. The severity of ocular lesions in G1 and G2 did not correlate with the histopathological findings. CONCLUSIONS Dogs with non-infectious and CDV-induced KCS had very similar conjunctival histopathology. Our findings suggest that the pathophysiology of CDV-induced KCS is likely to be the same as non-infectious KCS, that is, a result of lacrimal deficiency and inflammation of the ocular surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denize E de Almeida
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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