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Alkhalf H, Almutairi AR, Almutairi A, Almutairi RK, AlGhnam S, Aljohani S, Alqanatish JT, Babiker A. Prevalence and Clinical Characterization of Bocavirus Infection in a Specialized Children's Hospital in Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2022; 14:e22127. [PMID: 35308707 PMCID: PMC8918207 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.22127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and clinical characterization of bocavirus infection in patients admitted with respiratory symptoms to a specialized children’s hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods This is a retrospective cross-sectional study that included children aged 0-14 years and was conducted over a two-year period (2017-2019). All data were gathered from an electronic information recording system, which included patients’ demographics, comorbidities, clinical presentation, complication, and duration of hospitalization. Results Among all patients (11,709) admitted to King Abdullah Specialized Children’s Hospital with predominant respiratory symptoms during the study period, 193 (1.6%) patients had bocavirus infections. Most of the patients were diagnosed in winter months. Cough was the primary presenting symptom (91.7%) followed by fever (83.4%). Gastrointestinal symptoms were also common (anorexia in 62% and vomiting in 39%). In 80% (n=154/193) of cases, bocavirus co-existed with other viruses, namely, human rhinovirus (45.8%), human adenovirus (31.2%), and respiratory syncytial virus type A (17.5%). Moreover, those who required oxygen supply stayed longer in the hospital (p<0.001) and were more likely to receive multiple medications such as bronchodilators (p<0.001), corticosteroids (p<0.001), and nebulized racemic epinephrine (p>0.05). Children infected with bocavirus and co-existing viruses were less likely to require oxygen supply (p<0.050). Conclusion Bocavirus infection is more common during winter months and predominantly affects respiratory and gastrointestinal systems in children. More studies are needed to evaluate the global impact of this recently recognized infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamad Alkhalf
- General Pediatric, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences College of Medicine, Riyadh, SAU.,Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz Medical City Riyadh, Riyadh, SAU.,Pediatrics, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, SAU
| | | | - Abeer Almutairi
- Pediatrics, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences College of Medicine, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Reem K Almutairi
- Nursing, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Suliman AlGhnam
- Population Health, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Sameera Aljohani
- Infectious Diseases, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences College of Medicine, Riyadh, SAU.,Infectious Diseases, King Abdulaziz Medical City Riyadh, Riyadh, SAU.,Infectious Diseases, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Jubran T Alqanatish
- Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz Medical City and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU.,Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz Medical City Riyadh, Riyadh, SAU.,Pediatrics, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Amir Babiker
- Pediatric, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences College of Medicine, Riyadh, SAU.,Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz Medical City Riyadh, Riyadh, SAU.,Pediatrics, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, SAU
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Alqanatish JT, Alrewaithi BS, Alsewairi WM, Khan AH, Alsalman MJ, Alrasheed AA. Temporomandibular joint involvement in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: A single tertiary-center experience. Saudi Med J 2021; 42:399-404. [PMID: 33795495 PMCID: PMC8128629 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2021.42.4.20200470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the clinical and laboratory characteristic, state the treatment and outcome of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), and describe temporomandibular joint (TMJ) involvement as observed in a large tertiary center. METHODS A retrospective cross-sectional study of children diagnosed with JIA was assessed at King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (2015-2019), which included a descriptive analysis of children who had TMJ involvement among our study group. Subjects diagnosed with the TMJ arthritis were based either on clinical musculoskeletal examination or using contrast-enhanced MRI. RESULTS We reviewed 123 cases with different JIA subtypes (57% females). The most frequent subtype is the oligoarticular (36%). TMJ involvement was found in 16% (n=20/123) of the patients, of whom 45% had Polyarticular JIA. The rheumatoid factor was positive in 25%; antinuclear antibody (ANA) in 45% and none showed positivity to HLAB27. Treatment resulted in complete resolution in 95% of cases, while Micrognathia and obstructive sleep apnea were the complications reported in 5% of cases. CONCLUSION TMJ involvement in JIA is not uncommon. Females with polyarticular disease were more frequently affected with TMJ arthritis. Positive ANA could be a risk factor for TMJ involvement, while positive HLAB27 might have some protective effects. Early treatment for TMJ arthritis is essential to avoid possible complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jubran T Alqanatish
- From King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (Alqanatish, Alrewaithi, Alsewairi, Alsalman, Alrasheed); from King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (Alqanatish, Alsewairi, Khan, Alsalman, Alrasheed); from King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital (Alqanatish, Alsewairi, Alrasheed); and from King Abdulaziz Medical City (Alsalman), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Banan S Alrewaithi
- From King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (Alqanatish, Alrewaithi, Alsewairi, Alsalman, Alrasheed); from King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (Alqanatish, Alsewairi, Khan, Alsalman, Alrasheed); from King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital (Alqanatish, Alsewairi, Alrasheed); and from King Abdulaziz Medical City (Alsalman), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafaa M Alsewairi
- From King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (Alqanatish, Alrewaithi, Alsewairi, Alsalman, Alrasheed); from King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (Alqanatish, Alsewairi, Khan, Alsalman, Alrasheed); from King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital (Alqanatish, Alsewairi, Alrasheed); and from King Abdulaziz Medical City (Alsalman), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Altaf H Khan
- From King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (Alqanatish, Alrewaithi, Alsewairi, Alsalman, Alrasheed); from King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (Alqanatish, Alsewairi, Khan, Alsalman, Alrasheed); from King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital (Alqanatish, Alsewairi, Alrasheed); and from King Abdulaziz Medical City (Alsalman), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed J Alsalman
- From King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (Alqanatish, Alrewaithi, Alsewairi, Alsalman, Alrasheed); from King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (Alqanatish, Alsewairi, Khan, Alsalman, Alrasheed); from King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital (Alqanatish, Alsewairi, Alrasheed); and from King Abdulaziz Medical City (Alsalman), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrhman A Alrasheed
- From King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (Alqanatish, Alrewaithi, Alsewairi, Alsalman, Alrasheed); from King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (Alqanatish, Alsewairi, Khan, Alsalman, Alrasheed); from King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital (Alqanatish, Alsewairi, Alrasheed); and from King Abdulaziz Medical City (Alsalman), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
Relapsing polychondritis (RP) is a rare auto-immune disease that causes progressive destruction of cartilaginous structures. Most cases of pediatric-onset RP were published as a single case report or hand-full case series although the prevalence of RP is unknown. This review aimed to describe the characteristics of pediatric-onset RP in order to provide a comparison between childhood and adulthood features of the disease and to review the experiences of biological agents used in children with RP. In children, the diagnosis of RP is either delayed or overlooked due to low incidence and variability in clinical features. Treatment of RP is challenging due to the recurrent episodic nature of the disease. Different immunosuppressive medications, including steroid and steroid-sparing disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), such as methotrexate or azathioprine, are used to treat RP. There is no rigorous clinical research to support the use of new therapeutic modalities, including biological agents. It is challenging to protocolize the treatment of pediatric-onset RP due to the rarity of the disease. Corticosteroids are the primary form of therapy. However, DMARDs and biological agents may have a role in treating patients with sustained or refractory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jubran T Alqanatish
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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