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Vandenberghe R, Riviere ME, Caputo A, Sovago J, Maguire RP, Farlow M, Marotta G, Sanchez-Valle R, Scheltens P, Ryan JM, Graf A. Active Aβ immunotherapy CAD106 in Alzheimer's disease: A phase 2b study. Alzheimers Dement (N Y) 2016; 3:10-22. [PMID: 29067316 PMCID: PMC5651373 DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Introduction This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 90-week study assessed safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of CAD106 with/without adjuvant in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease. Methods One hundred twenty-one patients received up to seven intramuscular injections of CAD106 (150 μg or 450 μg) or placebo ± adjuvant over 60 weeks. An amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) substudy was also conducted. Results CAD106 induced strong serological responses (amyloid-beta [Aβ]–Immunoglobuline G[IgG]) in 55.1% (150 μg) and 81.1% (450 μg) of patients (strong serological responders [SSRs]). Serious adverse events (SAEs) were reported in 24.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 16.7–33.8) of the patients in the active treatment group and in 6.7% (95% CI 0.2–31.9) in the placebo group. Three of the SAEs were classified as possibly related to study drug by the investigators. No evidence of central nervous system inflammation was found. Amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIAs) occurred in six cases, all of them were strong serological responders. None of the ARIAs were symptomatic. Serum Aβ-IgG titer area under the curves correlated negatively with amyloid PET standardized uptake value ratio percentage change from baseline to week 78 within the CAD106-treated patients (r = −0.84, P = .0004). Decrease in cortical gray-matter volume from baseline to week 78 was larger in SSRs than in controls (P = .0077). Discussion Repeated CAD106 administration was generally well tolerated. CAD106 450 μg with alum adjuvant demonstrated the best balance between antibody response and tolerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rik Vandenberghe
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Neurology Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Judit Sovago
- Neuroscience Translational Medicine, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - R Paul Maguire
- Biomarker Development, Clinical Imaging, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Farlow
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
| | - Giovanni Marotta
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Raquel Sanchez-Valle
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Michael Ryan
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | - Ana Graf
- Neuroscience, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
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Trenkwalder C, Berg D, Rascol O, Eggert K, Ceballos-Baumann A, Corvol JC, Storch A, Zhang L, Azulay JP, Broussolle E, Defebvre L, Geny C, Gostkowski M, Stocchi F, Tranchant C, Derkinderen P, Durif F, Espay AJ, Feigin A, Houeto JL, Schwarz J, Di Paolo T, Feuerbach D, Hockey HU, Jaeger J, Jakab A, Johns D, Linazasoro G, Maruff P, Rozenberg I, Sovago J, Weiss M, Gomez-Mancilla B. A Placebo-Controlled Trial of AQW051 in Patients With Moderate to Severe Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia. Mov Disord 2016; 31:1049-54. [PMID: 26990766 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This phase 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluated the efficacy and safety of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α7 agonist AQW051 in patients with Parkinson's disease and levodopa-induced dyskinesia. METHODS Patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease and moderate to severe levodopa-induced dyskinesia were randomized to AQW051 10 mg (n = 24), AQW051 50 mg (n = 24), or placebo (n = 23) once daily for 28 days. Coprimary end points were change in Modified Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part III scores. Secondary outcomes included pharmacokinetics. RESULTS In total, 67 patients completed the study. AQW051-treated patients experienced no significant improvements in Modified Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale or Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part III scores by day 28. AQW051 was well tolerated; the most common adverse events were dyskinesia, fatigue, nausea, and falls. CONCLUSIONS AQW051 did not significantly reduce dyskinesia or parkinsonian severity. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Trenkwalder
- Paracelsus-Elena Hospital, Kassel, Germany.,Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany.,German Parkinson Study Group, Marburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Berg
- German Parkinson Study Group, Marburg, Germany.,Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Olivier Rascol
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, NeuroToul Excellence Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University UPS of Toulouse III, CIC-9302/INSERM UMR825, Hôpital Purpan - Pavillon Riser, Toulouse, France.,NS PARK/FCRIN Network, France
| | - Karla Eggert
- German Parkinson Study Group, Marburg, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andres Ceballos-Baumann
- German Parkinson Study Group, Marburg, Germany.,Schön Klinik München-Schwabing, München, Germany
| | - Jean-Christophe Corvol
- NS PARK/FCRIN Network, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, and INSERM UMRS 1127 /CIC-1422, and CNRS UMR 7225, and AP-HP, and ICM, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département des maladies du système nerveux, Paris, France
| | - Alexander Storch
- German Parkinson Study Group, Marburg, Germany.,Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, UC Davis MIND Institute, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Jean-Philippe Azulay
- NS PARK/FCRIN Network, France.,Service de Neurologie et pathologie du Mouvement, Hôpital de la Timone, Marseille Cedex, France
| | - Emmanuel Broussolle
- NS PARK/FCRIN Network, France.,Univisité Lyon 1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Service de Neurologie C, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR 5229, Centre de Neurosciences Cognitives, Team Basal Ganglia, Bron, France
| | - Luc Defebvre
- NS PARK/FCRIN Network, France.,Service de Neurologie et Pathologie du movement, EA 1046, CHU de Lille, Hôpital Roger Salengro, Lille, France
| | - Christian Geny
- NS PARK/FCRIN Network, France.,Movement to Health (M2H) laboratory, Euromov, University Montpellier 1, Hôpital gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France
| | - Michal Gostkowski
- Center for Neurological Restoration, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Fabrizio Stocchi
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Research and Medical Care, IROCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Christine Tranchant
- NS PARK/FCRIN Network, France.,Service de Neurologie, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pascal Derkinderen
- NS PARK/FCRIN Network, France.,Centre Investigation Clinique Neurologie, CHU Nantes, Hôpital G&R Laennec, Nantes, France
| | - Franck Durif
- NS PARK/FCRIN Network, France.,Service de Neurologie, Hôpital Gabriel Montpied, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Alberto J Espay
- Department of Neurology, James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrew Feigin
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore - LIJ Health System, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Jean-Luc Houeto
- NS PARK/FCRIN Network, France.,Service de Neurologie, CIC-INSERM 1402, CHU de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Johannes Schwarz
- German Parkinson Study Group, Marburg, Germany.,Klinik Haag, Haag, Germany
| | - Thérèse Di Paolo
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, Canada.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Hans-Ulrich Hockey
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.,Biometrics Matters Ltd, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Judith Jaeger
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA, and CognitionMetrics, LLC, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
| | - Annamaria Jakab
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Donald Johns
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | | | - Judit Sovago
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Weiss
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Baltazar Gomez-Mancilla
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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3
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Akkus F, Treyer V, Johayem A, Ametamey SM, Mancilla BG, Sovago J, Buck A, Hasler G. Association of Long-Term Nicotine Abstinence With Normal Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor-5 Binding. Biol Psychiatry 2016; 79:474-80. [PMID: 25861697 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotine addiction is a major public health problem and is associated with primary glutamatergic dysfunction. We recently showed marked global reductions in metabotropic glutamate receptor type 5 (mGluR5) binding in smokers and recent ex-smokers (average abstinence duration of 25 weeks). The goal of this study was to examine the role of mGluR5 downregulation in nicotine addiction by investigating a group of long-term ex-smokers (abstinence >1.5 years), and to explore associations between mGluR5 binding and relapse in recent ex-smokers. METHODS Images of mGluR5 receptor binding were acquired in 14 long-term ex-smokers, using positron emission tomography with radiolabeled [11C]ABP688, which binds to an allosteric site with high specificity. RESULTS Long-term ex-smokers and individuals who had never smoked showed no differences in mGluR5 binding in any of the brain regions examined. Long-term ex-smokers showed significantly higher mGluR5 binding than recent ex-smokers, most prominently in the frontal cortex (42%) and thalamus (57%). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that downregulation of mGluR5 is a pathogenetic mechanism underlying nicotine dependence and the high relapse rate in individuals previously exposed to nicotine. Therefore, mGluR5 receptor binding appears to be an effective biomarker in smoking and a promising target for the discovery of novel medication for nicotine dependence and other substance-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funda Akkus
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry (FA, GH), Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Valerie Treyer
- PET Center (VT, AB), Division of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, and Center for Radiopharmaceutical Science of ETH, PSI
| | - Anass Johayem
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences of ETH (AJ, SMA), USZ, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon M Ametamey
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences of ETH (AJ, SMA), USZ, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Baltazar Gomez Mancilla
- Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research (BGM, JS), Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Judit Sovago
- Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research (BGM, JS), Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alfred Buck
- PET Center (VT, AB), Division of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, and Center for Radiopharmaceutical Science of ETH, PSI
| | - Gregor Hasler
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry (FA, GH), Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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4
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DeLorenzo C, Sovago J, Gardus J, Xu J, Yang J, Behrje R, Kumar JSD, Devanand DP, Pelton GH, Mathis CA, Mason NS, Gomez-Mancilla B, Aizenstein H, Mann JJ, Parsey RV. Characterization of brain mGluR5 binding in a pilot study of late-life major depressive disorder using positron emission tomography and [¹¹C]ABP688. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e693. [PMID: 26645628 PMCID: PMC5068588 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of mood and anxiety disorders and is a potential treatment target in major depressive disorder (MDD). This study compared brain mGluR5 binding in elderly patients suffering from MDD with that in elderly healthy volunteers using positron emission tomography (PET) and [(11)C]ABP688. Twenty elderly (mean age: 63.0 ± 6.3) subjects with MDD and twenty-two healthy volunteers in the same age range (mean age: 66.4 ± 7.3) were examined with PET after a single bolus injection of [(11)C]ABP688, with many receiving arterial sampling. PET images were analyzed on a region of interest and a voxel level to compare mGluR5 binding in the brain between the two groups. Differences in [(11)C]ABP688 binding between patients with early- and late-onset depression were also assessed. In contrast to a previously published report in a younger cohort, no significant difference in [(11)C]ABP688 binding was observed between elderly subjects with MDD and healthy volunteers. [(11)C]ABP688 binding was also similar between subgroups with early- or late-onset depression. We believe this is the first study to examine mGluR5 expression in depression in the elderly. Although future work is required, results suggest potential differences in the pathophysiology of elderly depression versus depression earlier in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- C DeLorenzo
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, HSC-T-10, Room 40D, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA. E-mail:
| | - J Sovago
- Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - J Gardus
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - J Xu
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - J Yang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - R Behrje
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporations, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | - J S D Kumar
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - D P Devanand
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - G H Pelton
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - C A Mathis
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - N S Mason
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - B Gomez-Mancilla
- Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - H Aizenstein
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - J J Mann
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - R V Parsey
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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5
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Farlow MR, Andreasen N, Riviere ME, Vostiar I, Vitaliti A, Sovago J, Caputo A, Winblad B, Graf A. Long-term treatment with active Aβ immunotherapy with CAD106 in mild Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Res Ther 2015; 7:23. [PMID: 25918556 PMCID: PMC4410460 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-015-0108-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction CAD106 is designed to stimulate amyloid-β (Aβ)-specific antibody responses while avoiding T-cell autoimmune responses. The CAD106 first-in-human study demonstrated a favorable safety profile and promising antibody response. We investigated long-term safety, tolerability and antibody response after repeated CAD106 injections. Methods Two phase IIa, 52-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled core studies (2201; 2202) and two 66-week open-label extension studies (2201E; 2202E) were conducted in patients with mild Alzheimer’s disease (AD) aged 40 to 85 years. Patients were randomized to receive 150μg CAD106 or placebo given as three subcutaneous (2201) or subcutaneous/intramuscular (2202) injections, followed by four injections (150 μg CAD106; subcutaneous, 2201E1; intramuscular, 2202E1). Our primary objective was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of repeated injections, including monitoring cerebral magnetic resonance imaging scans, adverse events (AEs) and serious AEs (SAEs). Further objectives were to assess Aβ-specific antibody response in serum and Aβ-specific T-cell response (core only). Comparable Aβ-immunoglobulin G (IgG) exposure across studies supported pooled immune response assessments. Results Fifty-eight patients were randomized (CAD106, n = 47; placebo, n = 11). Baseline demographics and characteristics were balanced. Forty-five patients entered extension studies. AEs occurred in 74.5% of CAD106-treated patients versus 63.6% of placebo-treated patients (core), and 82.2% experienced AEs during extension studies. Most AEs were mild to moderate in severity, were not study medication-related and did not require discontinuation. SAEs occurred in 19.1% of CAD106-treated patients and 36.4% of placebo-treated patients (core). One patient (CAD106-treated; 2201) reported a possibly study drug-related SAE of intracerebral hemorrhage. Four patients met criteria for amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA) corresponding to microhemorrhages: one was CAD106-treated (2201), one placebo-treated (2202) and two open-label CAD106-treated. No ARIA corresponded to vasogenic edema. Two patients discontinued extension studies because of SAEs (rectal neoplasm and rapid AD progression, respectively). Thirty CAD106-treated patients (63.8%) were serological responders. Sustained Aβ-IgG titers and prolonged time to decline were observed in extensions versus core studies. Neither Aβ1–6 nor Aβ1–42 induced specific T-cell responses; however, positive control responses were consistently detected with the CAD106 carrier. Conclusions No unexpected safety findings or Aβ-specific T-cell responses support the CAD106 favorable tolerability profile. Long-term treatment-induced Aβ-specific antibody titers and prolonged time to decline indicate antibody exposure may increase with additional injections. CAD106 may be a valuable therapeutic option in AD. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT00733863, registered 8 August 2008; NCT00795418, registered 10 November 2008; NCT00956410, registered 10 August 2009; NCT01023685, registered 1 December 2009. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13195-015-0108-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin R Farlow
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 355 West 16th Street, Suite 4700, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Niels Andreasen
- Karolinska Institutet, Dept NVS, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Novum, Huddinge, SE-141 57 Stockholm Sweden ; Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Geriatric Clinic, Clinical Trial Unit, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bengt Winblad
- Karolinska Institutet, Dept NVS, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Novum, Huddinge, SE-141 57 Stockholm Sweden ; Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Geriatric Clinic, Clinical Trial Unit, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ana Graf
- Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, CH-4002 Switzerland
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6
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Hefti K, Holst SC, Sovago J, Bachmann V, Buck A, Ametamey SM, Scheidegger M, Berthold T, Gomez-Mancilla B, Seifritz E, Landolt HP. Increased metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 availability in human brain after one night without sleep. Biol Psychiatry 2013; 73:161-8. [PMID: 22959709 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep deprivation (wake therapy) provides rapid clinical relief in many patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Changes in glutamatergic neurotransmission may contribute to the antidepressant response, yet the exact underlying mechanisms are unknown. Metabotropic glutamate receptors of subtype 5 (mGluR5) are importantly involved in modulating glutamatergic neurotransmission and neuronal plasticity. The density of these receptors is reduced in the brain of patients with MDD, particularly in brain structures involved in regulating wakefulness and sleep. We hypothesized that prolonged wakefulness would increase mGluR5 availability in human brain. METHODS Metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 binding was quantified with positron emission tomography in 22 young healthy men who completed two experimental blocks separated by 1 week. Two positron emission tomography examinations were conducted in randomized, crossover fashion with the highly selective radioligand, ¹¹C-ABP688, once after 9 hours (sleep control) and once after 33 hours (sleep deprivation) of controlled wakefulness. ¹¹C-ABP688 uptake was quantified in 13 volumes of interest with high mGluR5 expression and presumed involvement in sleep-wake regulation. RESULTS Sleep deprivation induced a global increase in mGluR5 binding when compared with sleep control (p<.006). In anterior cingulate cortex, insula, medial temporal lobe, parahippocampal gyrus, striatum, and amygdala, this increase correlated significantly with the sleep deprivation-induced increase in subjective sleepiness. CONCLUSIONS This molecular imaging study demonstrates that cerebral functional mGluR5 availability is increased after a single night without sleep. Given that mGluR5 density is reduced in MDD, further research is warranted to examine whether this mechanism is involved in the potent antidepressant effect of wake therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Hefti
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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7
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Sandell J, Mccarron JA, Halldin C, Pike VW, Gulyas B, Cselenyi Z, Sovago J, Marchais S, Wikström HV, Farde L. [18F]6FPWAY - a prospective 5-HT1A receptor radioligand - radiolabeling and pet examination in monkey - comparison with [11C]6FPWAY. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.2580440158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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8
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Deschwanden A, Karolewicz B, Feyissa AM, Treyer V, Ametamey SM, Johayem A, Burger C, Auberson YP, Sovago J, Stockmeier CA, Buck A, Hasler G. Reduced metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 density in major depression determined by [(11)C]ABP688 PET and postmortem study. Am J Psychiatry 2011; 168:727-34. [PMID: 21498461 PMCID: PMC3129412 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.09111607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clinical and preclinical evidence suggests a hyperactive glutamatergic system in clinical depression. Recently, the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) has been proposed as an attractive target for novel therapeutic approaches to depression. The goal of this study was to compare mGluR5 binding (in a positron emission tomography [PET] study) and mGluR5 protein expression (in a postmortem study) between individuals with major depressive disorder and psychiatrically healthy comparison subjects. METHOD Images of mGluR5 receptor binding were acquired using PET with [(11)C]ABP688, which binds to an allosteric site with high specificity, in 11 unmedicated individuals with major depression and 11 matched healthy comparison subjects. The amount of mGluR5 protein was investigated using Western blot in postmortem brain samples of 15 depressed individuals and 15 matched comparison subjects. RESULTS The PET study revealed lower levels of regional mGluR5 binding in the prefrontal cortex, the cingulate cortex, the insula, the thalamus, and the hippocampus in the depression group relative to the comparison group. Severity of depression was negatively correlated with mGluR5 binding in the hippocampus. The postmortem study showed lower levels of mGluR5 protein expression in the prefrontal cortex (Brodmann's area 10) in the depression group relative to the comparison group, while prefrontal mGluR1 protein expression did not differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS The lower levels of mGluR5 binding observed in the depression group are consonant with the lower levels of protein expression in brain tissue in the postmortem depression group. Thus, both studies suggest that basal or compensatory changes in excitatory neurotransmission play roles in the pathophysiology of major depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Deschwanden
- PET Center, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beata Karolewicz
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, USA
| | - Anteneh M. Feyissa
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, USA
| | - Valerie Treyer
- PET Center, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon M. Ametamey
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Science of ETH, PSI, and USZ, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences of ETH, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anass Johayem
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Science of ETH, PSI, and USZ, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences of ETH, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cyrill Burger
- PET Center, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yves P. Auberson
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Judit Sovago
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Craig A. Stockmeier
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, USA
| | - Alfred Buck
- PET Center, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Hasler
- Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Berne, 3000 Berne 60, Switzerland
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9
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Seneca N, Andree B, Sjoholm N, Schou M, Pauli S, Mozley PD, Stubbs JB, Liow JS, Sovago J, Gulyás B, Innis R, Halldin C. Whole-body biodistribution, radiation dosimetry estimates for the PET norepinephrine transporter probe (S,S)-[18F]FMeNER-D2 in non-human primates. Nucl Med Commun 2005; 26:695-700. [PMID: 16000987 DOI: 10.1097/01.mnm.0000171780.72908.e7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND (S,S)-[F]FMeNER-D2 is a recently developed norepinephrine transporter ligand which is a potentially useful radiotracer for mapping the brain and heart norepinephrine transporter in vivo using positron emission tomography. In this work, we quantified the biodistribution over time and radiation exposure to multiple organs with (S,S)-[F]FMeNER-D2. METHODS Whole-body images were acquired for 21 time points in two cynomolgus monkeys for approximately 270 min after injection of radioligand. Compressed 3-D to 2-D planar images were used to identify organs with the highest radiation exposure at each time point. Estimates of the absorbed dose of radiation were calculated using the MIRDOSE 3.1 software program performed with the dynamic bladder and ICRP 30 gastrointestinal tract models. RESULTS In planar images, peak values of the percent injected dose (%ID) at a time after radioligand injection were calculated for the lungs (26.76% ID at 1.42 min), kidneys (13.55% ID at 2.18 min), whole brain (5.65% ID at 4.48 min), liver (7.20% ID at 2 min), red bone marrow (5.02% ID at 2.06 min), heart (2.36% ID at 1.42 min) and urinary bladder (23% ID at 250 min). Assuming a urine voiding interval of 2.4 h, the four organs with highest exposures in microGy . MBq ( mrad . mCi) were kidneys 126 (468), heart wall 108 (399), lungs 88.4 (327) and urinary bladder 114 (422). The effective doses were estimated with and without urine voiding at a range of 123 (33) and to 131 (35.5) microGy . MBq ( mrad . mCi). CONCLUSION The estimated radiation burden of (S,S)-[F]FMeNER-D2 is comparable to that of other F radioligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Seneca
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Erixon-Lindroth N, Farde L, Wahlin TBR, Sovago J, Halldin C, Bäckman L. The role of the striatal dopamine transporter in cognitive aging. Psychiatry Res 2005; 138:1-12. [PMID: 15708296 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2004.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2004] [Revised: 08/30/2004] [Accepted: 09/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We examined the relationship of age-related losses of striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) density to age-related deficits in episodic memory and executive functioning in a group of subjects (n = 12) ranging from 34 to 81 years of age. The radioligand [(11)C]beta-CIT-FE was used to determine DAT binding in caudate and putamen. Results showed clear age-related losses of striatal DAT binding from early to late adulthood, and a marked deterioration in episodic memory (word and figure recall, face recognition) and executive functioning (visual working memory, verbal fluency) with advancing age. Most importantly, the age-related cognitive deficits were mediated by reductions in DAT binding, whereas DAT binding added systematic cognitive variance after controlling for age. Further, interindividual differences in DAT binding were related to performance in a test of crystallized intelligence (the Information subtest from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised) that showed no reliable age variation. These results suggest that DAT binding is a powerful mediator of age-related cognitive changes as well as of cognitive functioning in general. The findings were discussed relative to the view that the frontostriatal network is critically involved in multiple cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Erixon-Lindroth
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Hospital, Box 6401, S-113 82 Stockholm, Sweden
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