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Schapiro D, Sokolov A, Yapp C, Chen YA, Muhlich JL, Hess J, Creason AL, Nirmal AJ, Baker GJ, Nariya MK, Lin JR, Maliga Z, Jacobson CA, Hodgman MW, Ruokonen J, Farhi SL, Abbondanza D, McKinley ET, Persson D, Betts C, Sivagnanam S, Regev A, Goecks J, Coffey RJ, Coussens LM, Santagata S, Sorger PK. MCMICRO: a scalable, modular image-processing pipeline for multiplexed tissue imaging. Nat Methods 2022; 19:311-315. [PMID: 34824477 PMCID: PMC8916956 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-021-01308-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Highly multiplexed tissue imaging makes detailed molecular analysis of single cells possible in a preserved spatial context. However, reproducible analysis of large multichannel images poses a substantial computational challenge. Here, we describe a modular and open-source computational pipeline, MCMICRO, for performing the sequential steps needed to transform whole-slide images into single-cell data. We demonstrate the use of MCMICRO on tissue and tumor images acquired using multiple imaging platforms, thereby providing a solid foundation for the continued development of tissue imaging software.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Schapiro
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine and Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital and Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Artem Sokolov
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clarence Yapp
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Image and Data Analysis Core, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yu-An Chen
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeremy L Muhlich
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joshua Hess
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Allison L Creason
- Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ajit J Nirmal
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gregory J Baker
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maulik K Nariya
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jia-Ren Lin
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zoltan Maliga
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Connor A Jacobson
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew W Hodgman
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Juha Ruokonen
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samouil L Farhi
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Domenic Abbondanza
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eliot T McKinley
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Daniel Persson
- Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Courtney Betts
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Shamilene Sivagnanam
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Aviv Regev
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy Goecks
- Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Robert J Coffey
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lisa M Coussens
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sandro Santagata
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter K Sorger
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Hoffer J, Rashid R, Muhlich JL, Chen YA, Russell DPW, Ruokonen J, Krueger R, Pfister H, Santagata S, Sorger PK. Minerva: a light-weight, narrative image browser for multiplexed tissue images. J Open Source Softw 2020; 5:2579. [PMID: 33768192 PMCID: PMC7989801 DOI: 10.21105/joss.02579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Advances in highly multiplexed tissue imaging are transforming our understanding of human biology by enabling detection and localization of 10-100 proteins at subcellular resolution (Bodenmiller, 2016). Efforts are now underway to create public atlases of multiplexed images of normal and diseased tissues (Rozenblatt-Rosen et al., 2020). Both research and clinical applications of tissue imaging benefit from recording data from complete specimens so that data on cell state and composition can be studied in the context of overall tissue architecture. As a practical matter, specimen size is limited by the dimensions of microscopy slides (2.5 × 7.5 cm or ~2-8 cm2 of tissue depending on shape). With current microscopy technology, specimens of this size can be imaged at sub-micron resolution across ~60 spectral channels and ~106 cells, resulting in image files of terabyte size. However, the rich detail and multiscale properties of these images pose a substantial computational challenge (Rashid et al., 2020). See Rashid et al. (2020) for an comparison of existing visualization tools targeting these multiplexed tissue images.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Hoffer
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rumana Rashid
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jeremy L Muhlich
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Yu-An Chen
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Juha Ruokonen
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Robert Krueger
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Hanspeter Pfister
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Sandro Santagata
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Peter K Sorger
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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