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Yeh WZ, Gresle M, Lea R, Taylor B, Lucas RM, Ponsonby AL, Mason D, Andrew J, Campbell H, Morahan J, Sampangi S, Campagna MP, Stankovich J, Van der Walt A, Jokubaitis V, Butzkueven H. The immune cell transcriptome is modulated by vitamin D 3 supplementation in people with a first demyelinating event participating in a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Clin Immunol 2024; 262:110183. [PMID: 38479439 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.110183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for developing multiple sclerosis. The PrevANZ trial was conducted to determine if vitamin D3 supplementation can prevent recurrent disease activity in people with a first demyelinating event. As a sub-study of this trial, we investigated the effect of supplementation on peripheral immune cell gene expression. Participants were randomized to 1000, 5000 or 10,000 international units daily of vitamin D3 or placebo. Peripheral blood was collected at baseline and 12 weeks and sent for ribonucleic acid sequencing. Datasets from 55 participants were included. Gene expression was modulated by high dose supplementation. Antigen presentation and viral response pathways were upregulated. Oxidative phosphorylation and immune signaling pathways, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-17 signaling, were downregulated. Overall, vitamin D3 supplementation for 12 weeks modulated the peripheral immune cell transcriptome with induction of anti-inflammatory gene expression profiles. Our results support a dose-dependent effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on immune gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhen Yeh
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Melissa Gresle
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rodney Lea
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia; Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Bruce Taylor
- Royal Hobart Hospital, Department of Neurology, Hobart, Australia; University of Tasmania, Menzies Institute for Medical Research, Hobart, Australia
| | - Robyn M Lucas
- Australian National University, National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Canberra, Australia
| | - Anne-Louise Ponsonby
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Early Brain Division, Parkville, Australia; University of Melbourne, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Deborah Mason
- Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand; New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Julie Andrew
- Neuroscience Trials Australia, Heidelberg, Australia
| | | | | | - Sandeep Sampangi
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maria Pia Campagna
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jim Stankovich
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anneke Van der Walt
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vilija Jokubaitis
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helmut Butzkueven
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; MSBase Foundation, Melbourne, Australia.
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Butzkueven H, Ponsonby AL, Stein MS, Lucas RM, Mason D, Broadley S, Kilpatrick T, Lechner-Scott J, Barnett M, Carroll W, Mitchell P, Hardy TA, Macdonell R, McCombe P, Lee A, Kalincik T, van der Walt A, Lynch C, Abernethy D, Willoughby E, Barkhof F, MacManus D, Clarke M, Andrew J, Morahan J, Zhu C, Dear K, Taylor BV. Vitamin D did not reduce multiple sclerosis disease activity after a clinically isolated syndrome. Brain 2024; 147:1206-1215. [PMID: 38085047 PMCID: PMC10994527 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Low serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and low sunlight exposure are known risk factors for the development of multiple sclerosis. Add-on vitamin D supplementation trials in established multiple sclerosis have been inconclusive. The effects of vitamin D supplementation to prevent multiple sclerosis is unknown. We aimed to test the hypothesis that oral vitamin D3 supplementation in high-risk clinically isolated syndrome (abnormal MRI, at least three T2 brain and/or spinal cord lesions), delays time to conversion to definite multiple sclerosis, that the therapeutic effect is dose-dependent, and that all doses are safe and well tolerated. We conducted a double-blind trial in Australia and New Zealand. Eligible participants were randomized 1:1:1:1 to placebo, 1000, 5000 or 10 000 international units (IU) of oral vitamin D3 daily within each study centre (n = 23) and followed for up to 48 weeks. Between 2013 and 2021, we enrolled 204 participants. Brain MRI scans were performed at baseline, 24 and 48 weeks. The main study outcome was conversion to clinically definite multiple sclerosis based on the 2010 McDonald criteria defined as either a clinical relapse or new brain MRI T2 lesion development. We included 199 cases in the intention-to-treat analysis based on assigned dose. Of these, 116 converted to multiple sclerosis by 48 weeks (58%). Compared to placebo, the hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for conversion were 1000 IU 0.87 (0.50, 1.50); 5000 IU 1.37 (0.82, 2.29); and 10 000 IU 1.28 (0.76, 2.14). In an adjusted model including age, sex, latitude, study centre and baseline symptom number, clinically isolated syndrome onset site, presence of infratentorial lesions and use of steroids, the hazard ratios (versus placebo) were 1000 IU 0.80 (0.45, 1.44); 5000 IU 1.36 (0.78, 2.38); and 10 000 IU 1.07 (0.62, 1.85). Vitamin D3 supplementation was safe and well tolerated. We did not demonstrate reduction in multiple sclerosis disease activity by vitamin D3 supplementation after a high-risk clinically isolated syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Butzkueven
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Anne-Louise Ponsonby
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Mark S Stein
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Robyn M Lucas
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Deborah Mason
- Department of Neurology, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| | - Simon Broadley
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Trevor Kilpatrick
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | | | - Michael Barnett
- Brain and Mind Research Institute University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - William Carroll
- Department of Neurology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital and Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders and Perron Institute, University of Western Australia, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Peter Mitchell
- Department of Radiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Todd A Hardy
- Department of Neurology, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2139, Australia
| | - Richard Macdonell
- Department of Neurology, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC 3084, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010Australia
| | - Pamela McCombe
- University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Andrew Lee
- Department of Neurology, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Tomas Kalincik
- Neuroimmunology Centre, Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- CORe, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Anneke van der Walt
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Chris Lynch
- Midland Neurology, Hamilton, Waikato 3240, New Zealand
| | - David Abernethy
- Department of Neurology, Wellington Hospital, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - Ernest Willoughby
- Department of Neurology, Auckland Hospital, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
- Queen Square Institute of Neurology and Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - David MacManus
- University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square MS Centre, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Michael Clarke
- Metabolomics Australia (WA), School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Julie Andrew
- Neurosciences Trials Australia, North Melbourne, VIC 3051, Australia
| | - Julia Morahan
- Multiple Sclerosis Australia, North Sydney, NSW 2059, Australia
| | - Chao Zhu
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Keith Dear
- Department of Statistics, School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Bruce V Taylor
- MS Research Flagship, Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
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Neale RE, Beedle V, Ebeling PR, Elliott T, Francis D, Girgis CM, Gordon L, Janda M, Jones G, Lucas RM, Mason RS, Monnington PK, Morahan J, Paxton G, Sinclair C, Shumack S, Smith J, Webb AR, Whiteman DC. Balancing the risks and benefits of sun exposure: A revised position statement for Australian adults. Aust N Z J Public Health 2024; 48:100117. [PMID: 38350754 DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2023.100117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the development of a new position statement regarding balancing the risks and benefits of sun exposure for Australian adults. METHODS We conducted a Sun Exposure Summit in March 2021, with presentations from invited experts and a workshop including representation from academic, clinical, policy, and patient stakeholder organisations. The group considered advice about balancing the risks and benefits of sun exposure for Australian adults and developed a revised consensus position statement. RESULTS The balance of risks and benefits of sun exposure is not the same for everybody. For people at very high risk of skin cancer, the risks of exposure likely outweigh the benefits; sun protection is essential. Conversely, people with deeply pigmented skin are at low risk of skin cancer but at high risk of vitamin D deficiency; routine sun protection is not recommended. For those at intermediate risk of skin cancer, sun protection remains a priority, but individuals may obtain sufficient sun exposure to maintain adequate vitamin D status. CONCLUSIONS The new position statement provides sun exposure advice that explicitly recognises the differing needs of Australia's diverse population. IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH Mass communication campaigns should retain the focus on skin cancer prevention. The new position statement will support the delivery of personalised advice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Neale
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia; University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | | | - Peter R Ebeling
- Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Healthy Bones Australia, Australia
| | - Thomas Elliott
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Christian M Girgis
- University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Australa and New Zealand Bone and Mineral Society, Australia
| | - Louisa Gordon
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia; University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Graeme Jones
- Australa and New Zealand Bone and Mineral Society, Australia; University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | | | - Rebecca S Mason
- University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Healthy Bones Australia, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jane Smith
- Royal Australian College of General Practitioners, Australia
| | - Ann R Webb
- University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - David C Whiteman
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia; University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Moran M, Murray D, McGirr Z, Morahan J, Noohan J, Tobin C, Molloy B, J Broderick J. The role of physiotherapy in Muscular Dystrophies - an online survey of physiotherapists. Ir Med J 2023; 116:869. [PMID: 38258703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
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Burke T, Greenland R, Brady E, Morahan J. The lived experience of multiple sclerosis: Patient insights to guide general practitioner care. Aust J Gen Pract 2022; 51:221-224. [PMID: 35362005 DOI: 10.31128/ajgp-11-21-6252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease with symptoms that are varied and unpredictable, and although there are effective medications to treat some forms of MS, there is no cure. For many, an MS diagnosis means decades living with a chronic illness and disability. OBJECTIVE Providing medical and support care to people with MS can be a long and complex partnership between the patient and the general practitioner (GP). The aim of this article is to provide knowledge of the lived experience of MS and the factors leading to a reduced quality of life. DISCUSSION Often alongside the considerable threats to physical health and neurological function that MS poses, there are also significant mental health burdens. This article uses lived experience to outline some of the crucial trigger points where support from the GP, and the wider general practice team, can have a significant impact on a positive path forward for the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese Burke
- RN, MSCN, PhD, Clinical Platform Co ordinator, MS Australia, North Sydney, NSW; Adjunct Senior Research Fellow, School of Nursing, University of Notre Dame, Sydney, NSW
| | | | - Erin Brady
- BA, National Advocate, Volunteer Team, MS Australia, North Sydney, NSW
| | - Julia Morahan
- BMedSc (Hons), PhD, Head of Research, MS Australia, North Sydney, NSW
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Thompson AJ, Carroll W, Ciccarelli O, Comi G, Cross A, Donnelly A, Feinstein A, Fox RJ, Helme A, Hohlfeld R, Hyde R, Kanellis P, Landsman D, Lubetzki C, Marrie RA, Morahan J, Montalban X, Musch B, Rawlings S, Salvetti M, Sellebjerg F, Sincock C, Smith KE, Strum J, Zaratin P, Coetzee T. Charting a global research strategy for progressive MS-An international progressive MS Alliance proposal. Mult Scler 2021; 28:16-28. [PMID: 34850641 PMCID: PMC8688983 DOI: 10.1177/13524585211059766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progressive forms of multiple sclerosis (MS) affect more than 1 million individuals globally. Recent approvals of ocrelizumab for primary progressive MS and siponimod for active secondary progressive MS have opened the therapeutic door, though results from early trials of neuroprotective agents have been mixed. The recent introduction of the term 'active' secondary progressive MS into the therapeutic lexicon has introduced potential confusion to disease description and thereby clinical management. OBJECTIVE This paper reviews recent progress, highlights continued knowledge and proposes, on behalf of the International Progressive MS Alliance, a global research strategy for progressive MS. METHODS Literature searches of PubMed between 2015 and May, 2021 were conducted using the search terms "progressive multiple sclerosis", "primary progressive multiple sclerosis", "secondary progressive MS". Proposed strategies were developed through a series of in-person and virtual meetings of the International Progressive MS Alliance Scientific Steering Committee. RESULTS Sustaining and accelerating progress will require greater understanding of underlying mechanisms, identification of potential therapeutic targets, biomarker discovery and validation, and conduct of clinical trials with improved trial design. Encouraging developments in symptomatic and rehabilitative interventions are starting to address ongoing challenges experienced by people with progressive MS. CONCLUSION We need to manage these challenges and realise the opportunities in the context of a global research strategy, which will improve quality of life for people with progressive MS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Anne Cross
- Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Reinhard Hohlfeld
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xavier Montalban
- Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Marco Salvetti
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy/Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Finn Sellebjerg
- Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | | | | | - Jon Strum
- International Progressive MS Alliance, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Orton SM, Ramagopalan SV, Para AE, Lincoln MR, Handunnetthi L, Chao MJ, Morahan J, Morrison KM, Sadovnick AD, Ebers GC. Vitamin D metabolic pathway genes and risk of multiple sclerosis in Canadians. J Neurol Sci 2011; 305:116-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2011.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Revised: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Handel AE, De Luca GC, Morahan J, Handunnetthi L, Sadovnick AD, Ebers GC, Ramagopalan SV. No evidence for an effect of DNA methylation on multiple sclerosis severity at HLA-DRB1*15 or HLA-DRB5. J Neuroimmunol 2010; 223:120-3. [PMID: 20394989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2010.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2010] [Revised: 03/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex neurological disease with huge variability in disease outcome. The majority of MS genetic susceptibility is determined by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) alleles, in particular haplotypes carrying HLA-DRB1*1501. HLA-DRB1*1501 also affects the clinical outcome of the disease and animal research has suggested that HLA-DRB5 interacts with HLA-DRB1*1501 to influence disease severity. We used an extremes-of-outcome design with 48 benign and 20 malignant MS patients to assess whether or not DNA methylation at HLA-DRB1*1501 and/or HLA-DRB5 also contributes to MS phenotypic heterogeneity. We found no significant effect of DNA methylation across HLA-DRB1*1501 and HLA-DRB5 on severity, although we cannot rule out time- or tissue-specific effects of DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam E Handel
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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