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Cattin AL, Burden JJ, Van Emmenis L, Mackenzie FE, Hoving JJA, Garcia Calavia N, Guo Y, McLaughlin M, Rosenberg LH, Quereda V, Jamecna D, Napoli I, Parrinello S, Enver T, Ruhrberg C, Lloyd AC. Macrophage-Induced Blood Vessels Guide Schwann Cell-Mediated Regeneration of Peripheral Nerves. Cell 2015; 162:1127-39. [PMID: 26279190 PMCID: PMC4553238 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 545] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The peripheral nervous system has remarkable regenerative capacities in that it can repair a fully cut nerve. This requires Schwann cells to migrate collectively to guide regrowing axons across a 'bridge' of new tissue, which forms to reconnect a severed nerve. Here we show that blood vessels direct the migrating cords of Schwann cells. This multicellular process is initiated by hypoxia, selectively sensed by macrophages within the bridge, which via VEGF-A secretion induce a polarized vasculature that relieves the hypoxia. Schwann cells then use the blood vessels as "tracks" to cross the bridge taking regrowing axons with them. Importantly, disrupting the organization of the newly formed blood vessels in vivo, either by inhibiting the angiogenic signal or by re-orienting them, compromises Schwann cell directionality resulting in defective nerve repair. This study provides important insights into how the choreography of multiple cell-types is required for the regeneration of an adult tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Cattin
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jemima J Burden
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Lucie Van Emmenis
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Francesca E Mackenzie
- Department of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Julian J A Hoving
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | - Yanping Guo
- UCL Cancer Institute, UCL, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Maeve McLaughlin
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Laura H Rosenberg
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Victor Quereda
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Denisa Jamecna
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ilaria Napoli
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Simona Parrinello
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Tariq Enver
- UCL Cancer Institute, UCL, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Christiana Ruhrberg
- Department of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Alison C Lloyd
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK; UCL Cancer Institute, UCL, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK.
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