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Lawson AA, Strickland JL. Labial Anatomy Concerns in the Adolescent: A Review. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2023; 36:505-510. [PMID: 37482079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Labial size concerns are an increasingly common chief complaint by both adolescents and adults despite studies showing a wide variation in sizes of the labia minora in the prepubertal, adolescent, and adult population. A thorough history will elucidate what or whom is driving the concerns, which can then direct management. Educating the patient, caregiver, and referring physician is often all that is needed. Surgery should never be used for cosmetic reasons in a minor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashli A Lawson
- Children's Mercy Kansas City, Division of Pediatric & Adolescent Gynecology, Department of Surgery, Kansas City, Missouri; University of Missouri-Kansas City, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri.
| | - Julie L Strickland
- Children's Mercy Kansas City, Division of Pediatric & Adolescent Gynecology, Department of Surgery, Kansas City, Missouri; University of Missouri-Kansas City, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
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Knaus ME, Lawrence AE, Onwuka AJ, Abouelseoud NM, Breech LL, Brito KS, Dekonenko C, Hertweck SP, Hong HY, Menon S, Merritt DF, Schikler AG, Senapati N, Smith YR, Strickland JL, Truehart AI, Minneci PC, Hewitt GD. Recommendations for Postoperative Surveillance of Pediatric Benign Ovarian Neoplasms. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2021; 34:666-672. [PMID: 33989806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2021.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To assess postoperative management of pediatric patients with benign ovarian neoplasms, to develop recommendations for postoperative care. DESIGN A retrospective cohort study. SETTING Eight pediatric hospitals in the midwestern United States. PARTICIPANTS Patients up to 21 years of age who underwent surgery for a benign ovarian neoplasm between January 2010 and December 2016 were included. INTERVENTIONS No prospective interventions were evaluated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Main outcome measures included postoperative imaging findings, recurrence rates, reoperation rates, and the timing of the aforementioned results. RESULTS A total of 427 patients met inclusion criteria. After the index surgery, 155 patients (36%) underwent a routine imaging study. Among those with routine imaging, abnormalities were noted in 48 patients (31%); 7 went on to have reoperation (5%), and no malignant pathologies or torsion were identified. Excluding the 7 patients who went on to have a reoperation as a result of routine imaging, 113 patients developed symptoms postoperatively and underwent imaging as a result (27%, 113/420). Abnormalities were noted in 44 (10%); 15 of these patients underwent reoperation (4%), among them 2 with malignancies and 3 with torsion. Of these 44 patients, 23 had initially undergone routine imaging and subsequently went on to have symptomatic imaging, with 17% (4/23) undergoing reoperation. CONCLUSIONS Routine imaging did not identify malignancy; most lesions identified on routine imaging were incidental findings. Although the study was not powered to appreciate a statistically significant difference, patients with malignancy or torsion were identified in the symptomatic group. This suggests no benefit from routine imaging, and supports symptomatic imaging postoperatively to minimize costs and patient/family burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Knaus
- Center for Surgical Outcomes Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Amy E Lawrence
- Center for Surgical Outcomes Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Amanda J Onwuka
- Center for Surgical Outcomes Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Naila M Abouelseoud
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Lesley L Breech
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Katherine S Brito
- University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Charlene Dekonenko
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - S Paige Hertweck
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Norton Children's Gynecology, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Helena Y Hong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Seema Menon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Children's Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Diane F Merritt
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Nikki Senapati
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Yolanda R Smith
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Julie L Strickland
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO
| | - Amber I Truehart
- Section of Family Planning, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Peter C Minneci
- Center for Surgical Outcomes Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Geri D Hewitt
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.
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Dowlut-McElroy T, Vilchez DA, Taboada EM, Strickland JL. Dysgerminoma in a 10-Year Old with 45X/46XY Turner Syndrome Mosaicism. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2019; 32:555-557. [PMID: 31279777 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Turner syndrome is a genetic disorder resulting from the absence of or structural abnormality of one X chromosome. The presence of Y chromosome material in girls with Turner syndrome confers an increased risk of benign and malignant germ cell tumor and prophylactic bilateral gonadectomy is recommended. CASE A 10-year-old Turner mosaic syndrome (45X/46XY) patient underwent prophylactic gonadectomy after unremarkable preoperative pelvic imaging. Histopathology showed a streak right gonad, and left gonad with gonadoblastoma with limited degree of infiltrating germinoma. SUMMARYAND CONCLUSION Gonadoblastoma and dysgerminoma have been reported in girls with Turner mosaic who carry Y chromosome material. Prophylactic gonadectomy should be considered in these girls without delay.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eugenio M Taboada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospitals, Kansas City, MO
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Dowlut-McElroy T, Higgins J, Williams KB, Strickland JL. Treatment of Prepubertal Labial Adhesions: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2019; 32:259-263. [PMID: 30385397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE Although various treatment options have been proposed for the treatment of labial adhesions, there are currently no clearly outlined limits on the duration of topical therapy, amount of lateral traction to apply, and methods to decrease the recurrence. This clinical trial was undertaken to assess the need for estrogen for treatment of prepubertal labial adhesions. DESIGN Randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial. SETTING Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology Clinic at a children's hospital in a metropolitan area. PARTICIPANTS Prepubertal girls ages 3 months to 12 years with labial adhesions. INTERVENTIONS Lateral traction with topical estrogen or topical emollient. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was resolution of labial adhesions. The secondary outcome was the change in severity of labial adhesions over time between the 2 groups. RESULTS Forty-three girls were enrolled and 38 (88%) completed the study. The difference in complete resolution between the topical emollient group (19%) and the topical estrogen group (36%) was not statistically significant (P = .21). There was a statistically significant decrease in severity of labial adhesions over time, with the magnitude of improvement favoring the topical estrogen group. CONCLUSION Although labial adhesion severity decreased when treated with lateral traction and topical emollient or topical estrogen, the magnitude of the effect was significantly greater for topical estrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tazim Dowlut-McElroy
- Department of Surgery, Children's Mercy Hospitals, Kansas City, Missouri; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri.
| | - Jeanette Higgins
- Department of Surgery, Children's Mercy Hospitals, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Karen B Williams
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Julie L Strickland
- Department of Surgery, Children's Mercy Hospitals, Kansas City, Missouri; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
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Dowlut-McElroy T, Higgins J, Williams KB, Strickland JL. Patterns of Treatment of Accidental Genital Trauma in Girls. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2018; 31:19-22. [PMID: 28782658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To evaluate the characteristics of girls with accidental genital trauma (AGT) who can be managed in the emergency department (ED) vs the operating suite (OS). DESIGN Retrospective cohort. SETTING ED at a children's hospital in a metropolitan area. PARTICIPANTS Girls aged 0-18 years with AGT. INTERVENTIONS AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Factors associated with need for evaluation and repair of AGT in the OS. RESULTS A total of 359 girls were included in the analysis. The mean age was 6 ± 3 years. Most girls presented with pain and bleeding, 321/359 (89%). Straddle injury was the most common mechanism, 258/355 (73%). The most commonly injured site was the labia, 225/358 (63%) and the most common type of injury was laceration, 308/357 (86%). Factors significantly associated with treatment in the OS included older age, transfer from another institution, penetrating injuries, injuries involving the hymen/vagina/urethra/anus, and injuries larger than 3 cm in size. The odds of requiring general anesthesia in the OS were 5.5 times higher for injuries larger than 3 cm (95% confidence interval, 2.8-10.9; P < .0001) and 4.1 times greater if the patient was transferred from another facility (95% confidence interval, 1.3-13.3; P < .02). CONCLUSION Most AGT can be managed expectantly. Penetrating injuries, injuries to the hymen/vagina/urethra/anus, and injuries with a maximal size of 3 cm should be considered as indications for management in the OS. With adequate procedural sedation, most girls with minor injuries as a result of AGT can undergo a thorough examination and repair of AGT in the ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tazim Dowlut-McElroy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri; Section of Gynecological Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri.
| | - Jeanette Higgins
- Section of Gynecological Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Karen B Williams
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Julie L Strickland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri; Section of Gynecological Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
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Reeves JA, Dowlut-McElroy T, Mou SM, Strickland JL, Carpenter SL. Factor VII deficiency diagnosed after minor genital trauma. Haemophilia 2017; 23:e133-e135. [PMID: 28111834 DOI: 10.1111/hae.12979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J A Reeves
- University of Missouri Kansas City - School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - T Dowlut-McElroy
- University of Missouri Kansas City - School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA.,Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - S M Mou
- University of Missouri Kansas City - School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA.,Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - J L Strickland
- University of Missouri Kansas City - School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA.,Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
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Dowlut-McElroy T, Williams KB, Carpenter SL, Strickland JL. Menstrual Patterns and Treatment of Heavy Menstrual Bleeding in Adolescents with Bleeding Disorders. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2015; 28:499-501. [PMID: 26231609 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To characterize menstrual bleeding patterns and treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding in adolescents with bleeding disorders. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We conducted a retrospective review of female patients aged nine to 21 years with known bleeding disorders who attended a pediatric gynecology, hematology, and comprehensive hematology/gynecology clinic at a children's hospital in a metropolitan area. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Prevalence of heavy menstrual bleeding at menarche, prolonged menses, and irregular menses among girls with bleeding disorders and patterns of initial and subsequent treatment for heavy menstrual bleeding in girls with bleeding disorders. RESULTS Of 115 participants aged nine to 21 years with known bleeding disorders, 102 were included in the final analysis. Of the 69 postmenarcheal girls, almost half (32/69, 46.4%) noted heavy menstrual bleeding at menarche. Girls with von Willebrand disease were more likely to have menses lasting longer than seven days. Only 28% of girls had discussed a treatment plan for heavy menstrual bleeding before menarche. Hormonal therapy was most commonly used as initial treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding. Half (53%) of the girls failed initial treatment. Combination (hormonal and non-hormonal therapy) was more frequently used for subsequent treatment. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents with bleeding disorders are at risk of heavy bleeding at and after menarche. Consultation with a pediatric gynecologist and/or hematologist prior to menarche may be helpful to outline abnormal patterns of menstrual bleeding and to discuss options of treatment in the event of heavy menstrual bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tazim Dowlut-McElroy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri.
| | - Karen B Williams
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Shannon L Carpenter
- Section of Hematology, Division of Hematology/Oncology/Bone Marrow Transplant, Children's Mercy Hospitals, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Julie L Strickland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri; Section of Gynecological Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Mercy Hospitals, Kansas City, Missouri
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Abstract
To assess physician attitude towards making oral contraceptives available over the counter in the United States (US). We assessed physician attitudes towards a transition from prescription only to over-the-counter availability (rx-OTC) for oral contraceptive pills by disseminating an electronic survey directed primarily to residents training in Obstetrics and Gynecology (OBGYN) and Family Practice in the US. An overwhelming majority of 638 respondents (71 %) were against an rx-OTC switch for combined oral contraceptives and among this subset of respondents the primary concern was safety (92.3 %). Overall, respondents were evenly divided on the issue of an rx-OTC switch for progestin-only-pills but of those who opposed, 73.2 % cited safety as their primary concern. For progestin-only-pills female respondents were more likely to support OTC availability. Most OBGYN and Family Practice residents opposed to OTC availability for oral contraceptives cite safety as their primary concern. Considering the abundant evidence as to the overall safety of oral contraceptives, especially progestin-only-pills, there appears to be a knowledge deficit among OBGYN and Family Practice residents regarding the safety of oral contraceptives.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Howard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2301 Holmes Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA,
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Howard DL, Wayman R, Strickland JL. Satisfaction with and intention to continue Depo-Provera versus the Mirena IUD among post-partum adolescents through 12 months of follow-up. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2013; 26:358-65. [PMID: 24238267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2013.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE No prior study has directly compared satisfaction with Depo-Provera to the Mirena intra-uterine device (IUD) among post-partum parous adolescents. Our aim was to make this comparison among post-partum adolescents at 3, 6, and 12 months of follow-up. PARTICIPANTS Post-partum/parous adolescents (aged 20 and younger) choosing either Depo-Provera or the Mirena IUD as their method of contraception. DESIGN Prospective longitudinal survey. SETTING The adolescent clinic at the Truman Medical Center, Kansas City Missouri. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Satisfaction with and intention to continue the chosen method at 3, 6, and 12 months of follow-up. INTERVENTIONS None. RESULTS Sixty-six post-partum/parous adolescents were recruited, 37 choosing the Mirena IUD and 29 choosing Depo-Provera for contraception. The 2 groups had similar baseline characteristics. There was no statistically significant difference in overall satisfaction with Depo-Provera versus the Mirena IUD at 3, 6, or 12 months of follow-up. For both contraceptive methods, unpredictable bleeding was most unacceptable at 6 months of follow-up but the trend was only statistically significant for Depo-Provera. For Depo-Provera, there was a significantly lower proportion of participants actually continuing the method at 12 months (42.9%) relative to the proportion who at 6 months had expressed an intention to continue (80.0%; P = .01). This trend was not seen for the Mirena IUD. CONCLUSION Among post-partum/parous adolescents, overall subjective satisfaction with Depo-Provera and the Mirena IUD is similarly high over 12 months of follow-up. With Depo-Provera, however, there appears to be a disconnect between intention to continue at 6 months and actual continuation at 12 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Howard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO.
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Howard DL, Wall J, Strickland JL. What are the Factors Predictive of Hysterosalpingogram Compliance After Female Sterilization by the Essure Procedure in a Publicly Insured Population? Matern Child Health J 2012; 17:1760-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s10995-012-1195-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Hoffman JG, Strickland JL, Yin J. Virilizing ovarian dermoid cyst with leydig cells. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2009; 22:e39-40. [PMID: 19539195 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2008.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2007] [Revised: 05/27/2008] [Accepted: 05/30/2008] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical observation of virilization is a rare finding that has a number of possible explanations. Overall, ovarian tumors causing virilization are exceedingly rare and mostly occur in post-menopausal women. In fact, there are no reported cases of virilization from a testosterone-producing ovarian dermoid in the adolescent female age group. The most frequent germ cell tumor derived from the ovaries is the benign cystic teratoma (dermoid) which accounts for 25% of all ovarian neoplasms. Teratomas consist of tissues that recapitulate the ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm. Usually the tumors are asymptomatic, but they occasionally can cause severe pain if there is torsion or if sebaceous material perforates the cyst wall, leading to reactive peritonitis. CASE A 12-year-old female was found to have a large 3 5 x 19 x 12 cm ovarian mature cystic teratoma arising from her right ovary. The patient also displayed evidence of masculinization demonstrated by a deepening voice and clitoromegaly. The dermoid was producing large amounts of testosterone from a nest of Leydig cells found pathologically in the mass. CONCLUSION Benign cystic teratomas can produce active hormones, albeit rarely. This is a finding important to consider when ovarian cystectomy is performed for removal of a benign cystic teratoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia G Hoffman
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2301 Holmes St, Kansas City, Missouri 63108, USA.
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Abstract
Ten percent of teenagers have chronic medical illness and need effective contraception for pregnancy prevention. There are available safe and effective methods; however, the selection of a contraceptive may be challenging because of the complexity of the underlying medical illness. This article offers options for contraception for girls with various chronic medical conditions. Considerations of some of the newer contraception methods are discussed as future options for these girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissa B Gittes
- University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, 2411 Holmes, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND A primary mature cystic ovarian teratoma was diagnosed in an adolescent female. She was followed up after initial exploration with computed tomography, pelvic ultrasonography, and serum tumor markers. Recurrent tumor, consisting solely of mature teratomatous elements, was confirmed with 2 subsequent laparotomies. CASE This is a report of the growing teratoma syndrome in a young woman with a primary diagnosis of a mature cystic ovarian teratoma not treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. CONCLUSION The growing teratoma syndrome is an uncommon condition. Surgical resection of recurrent lesions is necessary to reduce potential complications of abdominopelvic organ compression and obstruction and to evaluate for the presence of malignant degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle F Benoit
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Pelvic inflammatory disease in prepubertal and non-sexually active adolescents is rare and poorly understood. Various organisms have been named as causative agents in adolescent pelvic infections. Early diagnosis and treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease in young girls is imperative to future fertility and long term sequela. CASE We present a 14-year-old, menarchal, non-sexually active female with a 3-week history of abdominal pain and fever. Surgical exploration and cultures revealed Stage IV pelvic inflammatory disease caused by Beta Streptococcus Group F. CONCLUSION Various organisms including Streptococcal infections should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pelvic inflammatory disease in young girls without risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey D Algren
- Division of Gynecologic Surgery, Children's Mercy Hospital, and University of Missouri at Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64108, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Unlike varicosities, which result from venous insufficiency, vascular malformations are developmental errors that do not regress. While these lesions are challenging to treat in most anatomic locations, genital venous malformations are particularly difficult problems for the gynecologist, urologist, or primary care physician who may identify them. The risk of surgical treatment has led to investigation of new therapeutic options for these vascular lesions. CASE We describe an 11-year-old premenarchal female with bilateral, symptomatic vulvar venous malformations. These lesions were successfully treated with Doppler ultrasound-guided direct injection venography and ethanol sclerotherapy. CONCLUSION Direct injection venography with ethanol sclerotherapy is an attractive diagnostic and therapeutic option for management of vulvar venous malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison R Herman
- Divisions of Gynecologic Surgery and Radiology, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
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Abstract
Female circumcision/female genital mutilation (FC/FGM) refers to any alteration of the genitalia by excision or covering of the introitus done for nonmedical reasons. This procedure is widely prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa and is traditionally performed on children and young adolescents. FC/FGM is associated with acute and long-term genitourinary and reproductive disorders that may require medical intervention. Due to turbulent economic and political immigration patterns, Western physicians may be called upon to care for children or adolescents from this part of the world. This review explains the procedure and the resultant physical alterations as well as the cultural and historic basis of this ancient tradition. Emphasis is also placed on the elements of culturally competent and compassionate care for young women who have undergone FC/FGM.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Strickland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2301 Holmes Road, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- E H Quint
- University of Michigan Health Systems, Ann Arbor, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if using the endocervical brush after curetting the endocervix will increase the yield of endocervical tissue retrieved for an endocervical curettage (ECC) specimen. METHODS Between March 1, 1995, and June 30, 1996, we recruited for participation patients with abnormal Papanicolaou smears referred for colposcopy. Exclusion criteria were pregnancy, previous hysterectomy, and a history of diethylstilbestrol exposure. Colposcopy and biopsies were performed by residents under direct supervision of the attending staff. Endocervical curettages were performed using the Kevorkian endocervical curette. The subjects were then assigned randomly to one of two ways of collecting the ECC tissue: with either a curette or an endocervical brush. Specimens were reviewed by pathologists, who were blinded to the method of ECC collection. RESULTS During the study period, 124 patients agreed to participate; 62 were assigned to the control group, and 62 to the study group. Six subjects had missing data, leaving 118 patients available for analysis. In the control group, six of the 58 ECC samples obtained contained insufficient endocervical tissue for pathologic diagnosis. None of the 60 samples from the endocervical brush group was insufficient. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P = .01). CONCLUSION The addition of the endocervical brush to endocervical tissue sampling at colposcopy in the study decreased the number of insufficient samples. The endocervical brush method of collection of an ECC specimen from the canal after the Kevorkian curette is used is a valuable addition to this diagnostic tool. We recommend its use in obtaining an ECC specimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Tate
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Truman Medical Center, 64108, USA.
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Abstract
Early primary head and neck cancers (stages I and II) and occult metastatic neck disease have caused debate regarding the choice between surgery and irradiation. The arguments for each are reviewed with a new consideration: the acceleration and/or induction of carotid atherosclerosis in irradiated patients. We present clinical case reports (n = 9), a retrospective clinical evaluation for the occurrence of carotid atherosclerosis in irradiated head and neck cancer patients (n = 57) and a comparison study of the extent and distribution of atherosclerosis in irradiated (n = 29) and nonirradiated head and neck cancer patients controlled for age, blood pressure, and tobacco use. The results show that carotid atherosclerosis is found in a wider anatomic distribution and to a greater extent in irradiated than in nonirradiated patients. We conclude that carotid atherosclerosis is induced and/or accelerated by neck irradiation. The implications as they relate to choice of treatment, to pretreatment evaluations, and to long-term follow-up are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- W F McGuirt
- Department of Otolaryngology, Bowman Gray School of Medicine of Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
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Strickland JL, Griffin WT, Llorens AS, Sowash JJ. Cesarean hysterectomy: a procedure for modern obstetrics? South Med J 1989; 82:1245-9. [PMID: 2799441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The indications for emergency and elective cesarean hysterectomy have remained controversial throughout modern obstetric history. In an attempt to clarify the role of cesarean hysterectomy in today's practice, we retrospectively studied 216 peripartum hysterectomies done at our institution from 1956 to 1988. We analyzed indications, surgical procedures, and intraoperative and postoperative complications in an attempt to illustrate evolving obstetric trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Strickland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Missouri, Columbia 65212
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Schondelmeyer RW, Sunderrajan EV, Atay AE, Strickland JL, Walls JT. Successful tricuspid valvulectomy without replacement for endocarditis during pregnancy. Am Heart J 1986; 112:859-61. [PMID: 3766391 DOI: 10.1016/0002-8703(86)90491-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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