An exploratory computational analysis in mice brain networks of widespread epileptic seizure onset locations along with potential strategies for effective intervention and propagation control

Mean-field models have been developed to replicate key features of epileptic seizure dynamics. However, the precise mechanisms and the role of the brain area responsible for seizure onset and propagation remain incompletely understood. In this study, we employ computational methods within The Virtual Brain framework and the Epileptor model to explore how the location and connectivity of an Epileptogenic Zone (EZ) in a mouse brain are related to focal seizures (seizures that start in one brain area and may or may not remain localized), with a specific focus on the hippocampal region known for its association with epileptic seizures. We then devise computational strategies to confine seizures (prevent widespread propagation), simulating medical-like treatments such as tissue resection and the application of an anti-seizure drugs or neurostimulation to suppress hyperexcitability. Through selectively removing (blocking) specific connections informed by the structural connectome and graph network measurements or by locally reducing outgoing connection weights of EZ areas, we demonstrate that seizures can be kept constrained around the EZ region. We successfully identified the minimal connections necessary to prevent widespread seizures, with a particular focus on minimizing surgical or medical intervention while simultaneously preserving the original structural connectivity and maximizing brain functionality.

[Households will no longer have a head]

A new procedure adopted in France for the 1982 census is described. "In the 1982 census, unlike preceeding ones, the INSEE [Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques] no longer leaves the choice of a head at the discretion of households. The Institute will itself designate a statistical representative [reference person] under the new terminology and according to a systematic rule. This step eliminates a certain inaccuracy which was potentially problematic for certain surveys. The rule for designating the reference person is based on simple criteria and takes into account the main trends observed in the spontaneous declarations of households. If...used in the 1975 census, it would have resulted in the designating of the same representative in 96% of cases." (summary in ENG, SPA)