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Lee SY, Cho HY, Oh JP, Park J, Bae SH, Park H, Kim EJ, Lee JH. Therapeutic Effects of Combination of Nebivolol and Donepezil: Targeting Multifactorial Mechanisms in ALS. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:1779-1795. [PMID: 37782409 PMCID: PMC10684847 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-023-01444-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive loss of motor neurons in the spinal cord. Although the disease's pathophysiological mechanism remains poorly understood, multifactorial mechanisms affecting motor neuron loss converge to worsen the disease. Although two FDA-approved drugs, riluzole and edaravone, targeting excitotoxicity and oxidative stress, respectively, are available, their efficacies are limited to extending survival by only a few months. Here, we developed combinatorial drugs targeting multifactorial mechanisms underlying key components in ALS disease progression. Using data analysis based on the genetic information of patients with ALS-derived cells and pharmacogenomic data of the drugs, a combination of nebivolol and donepezil (nebivolol-donepezil) was identified for ALS therapy. Here, nebivolol-donepezil markedly reduced the levels of cytokines in the microglial cell line, inhibited nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) nucleus translocation in the HeLa cell and substantially protected against excitotoxicity-induced neuronal loss by regulating the PI3K-Akt pathway. Nebivolol-donepezil significantly promoted the differentiation of neural progenitor cells (NPC) into motor neurons. Furthermore, we verified the low dose efficacy of nebivolol-donepezil on multiple indices corresponding to the quality of life of patients with ALS in vivo using SOD1G93A mice. Nebivolol-donepezil delayed motor function deterioration and halted motor neuronal loss in the spinal cord. Drug administration effectively suppressed muscle atrophy by mitigating the proportion of smaller myofibers and substantially reducing phospho-neurofilament heavy chain (pNF-H) levels in the serum, a promising ALS biomarker. High-dose nebivolol-donepezil significantly prolonged survival and delayed disease onset compared with vehicle-treated mice. These results indicate that the combination of nebivolol-donepezil efficiently prevents ALS disease progression, benefiting the patients' quality of life and life expectancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Yeon Lee
- DR. NOAH BIOTECH Inc., 91, Changnyong-daero 256beon-gil, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Yeon Cho
- DR. NOAH BIOTECH Inc., 91, Changnyong-daero 256beon-gil, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Pyo Oh
- DR. NOAH BIOTECH Inc., 91, Changnyong-daero 256beon-gil, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiae Park
- DR. NOAH BIOTECH Inc., 91, Changnyong-daero 256beon-gil, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hun Bae
- DR. NOAH BIOTECH Inc., 91, Changnyong-daero 256beon-gil, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Haesun Park
- DR. NOAH BIOTECH Inc., 91, Changnyong-daero 256beon-gil, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jung Kim
- DR. NOAH BIOTECH Inc., 91, Changnyong-daero 256beon-gil, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji-Hyun Lee
- DR. NOAH BIOTECH Inc., 91, Changnyong-daero 256beon-gil, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea.
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Yun YJ, Park BH, Hou J, Oh JP, Han JH, Kim SC. Ginsenoside F1 Protects the Brain against Amyloid Beta-Induced Toxicity by Regulating IDE and NEP. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:58. [PMID: 35054451 PMCID: PMC8779788 DOI: 10.3390/life12010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginsenoside F1, the metabolite of Rg1, is one of the most important constituents of Panax ginseng. Although the effects of ginsenosides on amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregation in the brain are known, the role of ginsenoside F1 remains unclear. Here, we investigated the protective effect of ginsenoside F1 against Aβ aggregation in vivo and in vitro. Treatment with 2.5 μM ginsenoside F1 reduced Aβ-induced cytotoxicity by decreasing Aβ aggregation in mouse neuroblastoma neuro-2a (N2a) and human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y neuronal cell lines. Western blotting, real-time PCR, and siRNA analysis revealed an increased level of insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) and neprilysin (NEP). Furthermore, liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis confirmed that ginsenoside F1 could pass the blood-brain barrier within 2 h after administration. Immunostaining results indicate that ginsenoside F1 reduces Aβ plaques in the hippocampus of APPswe/PSEN1dE9 (APP/PS1) double-transgenic Alzheimer's disease (AD) mice. Consistently, increased levels of IDE and NEP protein and mRNA were observed after the 8-week administration of 10 mg/kg/d ginsenoside F1. These data indicate that ginsenoside F1 is a promising therapeutic candidate for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee-Jin Yun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (Y.-J.Y.); (J.-P.O.); (J.-H.H.)
| | - Bong-Hwan Park
- Intelligent Synthetic Biology Center, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (B.-H.P.); (J.H.)
| | - Jingang Hou
- Intelligent Synthetic Biology Center, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (B.-H.P.); (J.H.)
| | - Jung-Pyo Oh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (Y.-J.Y.); (J.-P.O.); (J.-H.H.)
| | - Jin-Hee Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (Y.-J.Y.); (J.-P.O.); (J.-H.H.)
| | - Sun-Chang Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (Y.-J.Y.); (J.-P.O.); (J.-H.H.)
- Intelligent Synthetic Biology Center, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (B.-H.P.); (J.H.)
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Cho HY, Shin W, Lee HS, Lee Y, Kim M, Oh JP, Han J, Jeong Y, Suh B, Kim E, Han JH. Turnover of fear engram cells by repeated experience. Curr Biol 2021; 31:5450-5461.e4. [PMID: 34687608 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A sparse population of neurons active during a learning event has been identified as memory engram cells. However, cells that are recruited to support memory when experience is repeated have been scarcely explored. Evidence from previous studies provides contradictory views. To address these questions, we employed learning-dependent cell labeling in the lateral amygdala (LA) and applied electrophysiological recording, spine imaging, and optogenetic tools to the labeled neurons with or without retraining. We found that engram cells established from original fear learning became dispensable for memory retrieval specifically with relearning, and this correlated with a reduction of synaptic transmission and loss of dendritic spines in these neurons. Despite such decreased connectivity, direct activation of these neurons resulted in fear-memory recall. We further identified that repeated memory was encoded in neurons active during relearning. These results suggest a shift in neuronal ensembles encoding fear memory in the LA by relearning through disconnection of the existing engram neurons established from original experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Yeon Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; KAIST Institute for the BioCentury (KIB), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Wangyong Shin
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Han-Sol Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; KAIST Institute for the BioCentury (KIB), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Yeji Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; KAIST Institute for the BioCentury (KIB), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Mujun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; KAIST Institute for the BioCentury (KIB), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Jung-Pyo Oh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; KAIST Institute for the BioCentury (KIB), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Junho Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; KAIST Institute for the BioCentury (KIB), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Yire Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; KAIST Institute for the BioCentury (KIB), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Boin Suh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; KAIST Institute for the BioCentury (KIB), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Eunjoon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Jin-Hee Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; KAIST Institute for the BioCentury (KIB), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
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Jeong Y, Cho HY, Kim M, Oh JP, Kang MS, Yoo M, Lee HS, Han JH. Synaptic plasticity-dependent competition rule influences memory formation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3915. [PMID: 34168140 PMCID: PMC8225794 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24269-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory is supported by a specific collection of neurons distributed in broad brain areas, an engram. Despite recent advances in identifying an engram, how the engram is created during memory formation remains elusive. To explore the relation between a specific pattern of input activity and memory allocation, here we target a sparse subset of neurons in the auditory cortex and thalamus. The synaptic inputs from these neurons to the lateral amygdala (LA) are not potentiated by fear conditioning. Using an optogenetic priming stimulus, we manipulate these synapses to be potentiated by the learning. In this condition, fear memory is preferentially encoded in the manipulated cell ensembles. This change, however, is abolished with optical long-term depression (LTD) delivered shortly after training. Conversely, delivering optical long-term potentiation (LTP) alone shortly after fear conditioning is sufficient to induce the preferential memory encoding. These results suggest a synaptic plasticity-dependent competition rule underlying memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yire Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury (KIB), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hye-Yeon Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury (KIB), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Mujun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury (KIB), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jung-Pyo Oh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury (KIB), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Min Soo Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury (KIB), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Miran Yoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury (KIB), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Han-Sol Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury (KIB), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jin-Hee Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea.
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury (KIB), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea.
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Abstract
A unique feature of fear memory is its persistence that is highly relevant to fear and anxiety-related mental disorders. Recurrent reactivation of neural representations acquired from a traumatic event is thought to contribute to the indelibility of fear memory. Given a well-established role of hippocampus for memory reactivation, hippocampus is likely involved in consolidation process of fear memory. However, evidence suggests that formation of fear memory to a discrete sensory cue is hippocampus-independent. Here, using a pharmacological reversible inactivation of dorsal hippocampus in auditory cued fear conditioning by local infusion of muscimol, we demonstrate in mice that hippocampus is critical for remote memory formation of learned fear to the discrete sensory cue. Muscimol infusion before conditioning did not affect formation of recent auditory fear memory as previously reported. Same muscimol infusion, however, impaired remote auditory fear memory. Muscimol infusion before remote test of auditory fear memory did not affect memory retrieval, indicating hippocampus is not a brain site for storage of remote cued fear memory. Moreover, memory reactivation enforced by re-exposure to the conditioned tone could compensate for hippocampal inactivation, as memory-reactivated mice showed normal remote auditory fear memory despite hippocampal inactivation. Our findings support that hippocampus may have a general role for consolidation of remote associative memory through reactivation of memory trace, giving an insight into how learned fear persists over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Pyo Oh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,KAIST Institute for the BioCentury (KIB), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hee Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea. .,KAIST Institute for the BioCentury (KIB), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
Ginseng has been shown to produce a cognitive improvement effect. The key molecular components in ginseng that produce pharmacological effects are ginsenosides. Previous studies reported a memory improvement effect of a few major ginsenosides. However, the identity of specific minor ginsenosides mediating such function remains unknown. Here, we report that a minor ginsenoside F1 improves memory function in APPswe/PSEN1dE9 (APP/PS1) double-transgenic Alzheimer's disease (AD) model mice. After 8-wk oral administration of F1 jelly, we observed that spatial working memory, but not context-dependent fear memory, was restored in AD mice. To search for a possible underlying molecular and cellular mechanism, we investigated the effect of F1 on Aβ plaque. We observed F1 administration reduced the Aβ plaque area and density in the cortex, but not in the hippocampus of AD mice. Next, we tested for the effect of F1 on the expression level of key molecules involved in learning and memory. Results from Western blot assay revealed that an abnormally reduced level of a phosphorylated form of CREB in the hippocampus of AD mice was restored to a normal level by F1 administration. Moreover, in the same animals, BDNF level was augmented in the cortex. Our results, therefore, suggest that minor ginsenoside F1 constitutes a promising target to develop therapeutic agents for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junho Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Jung-Pyo Oh
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Miran Yoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Chang-Hao Cui
- Intelligent Synthetic Biology Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Byeong-Min Jeon
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Sun-Chang Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea.
| | - Jin-Hee Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea.
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Oh JP, Kwon JT, Jin S, Yoo M, Kim HS, Jeong Y, Cho HY, Kang MS, Cho BK, Han JH. Reactivation maintains LTP at CS inputs to the lateral amygdala enabling selective fear memory persistence. IBRO Rep 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2019.07.963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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