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O’Dowd H, Shannon DE, Chandupatla KR, Dixit V, Engtrakul JJ, Ye Z, Jones SM, O’Brien CF, Nicolau DP, Tessier PR, Crandon JL, Song B, Macikenas D, Hanzelka BL, Le Tiran A, Bennani YL, Charifson PS, Grillot AL. Discovery and Characterization of a Water-Soluble Prodrug of a Dual Inhibitor of Bacterial DNA Gyrase and Topoisomerase IV. ACS Med Chem Lett 2015; 6:822-6. [PMID: 26191374 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5b00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzimidazole 1 is the lead compound resulting from an antibacterial program targeting dual inhibitors of bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. With the goal of improving key drug-like properties, namely, the solubility and the formulability of 1, an effort to identify prodrugs was undertaken. This has led to the discovery of a phosphate ester prodrug 2. This prodrug is rapidly cleaved to the parent drug molecule upon both oral and intravenous administration. The prodrug achieved equivalent exposure of 1 compared to dosing the parent in multiple species. The prodrug 2 has improved aqueous solubility, simplifying both intravenous and oral formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardwin O’Dowd
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Dean E. Shannon
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Kishan R. Chandupatla
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Vaishali Dixit
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Juntyma J. Engtrakul
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Zhengqi Ye
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Steven M. Jones
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Colleen F. O’Brien
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - David P. Nicolau
- Center
for Anti-Infective Research and Development, Hartford Hospital, 80
Seymour Street, Hartford, Connecticut 06102, United States
| | - Pamela R. Tessier
- Center
for Anti-Infective Research and Development, Hartford Hospital, 80
Seymour Street, Hartford, Connecticut 06102, United States
| | - Jared L. Crandon
- Center
for Anti-Infective Research and Development, Hartford Hospital, 80
Seymour Street, Hartford, Connecticut 06102, United States
| | - Bin Song
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Dainius Macikenas
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Brian L. Hanzelka
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 2500 Crosspark Road, Bioventures Center, Coralville, Iowa 52241, United States
| | - Arnaud Le Tiran
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Youssef L. Bennani
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 275 Boulevard Armand Frappier, Laval, QC H7V 4A7, Canada
| | - Paul S. Charifson
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Anne-Laure Grillot
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
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Montgomery JI, Brown MF, Reilly U, Price LM, Abramite JA, Arcari J, Barham R, Che Y, Chen JM, Chung SW, Collantes EM, Desbonnet C, Doroski M, Doty J, Engtrakul JJ, Harris TM, Huband M, Knafels JD, Leach KL, Liu S, Marfat A, McAllister L, McElroy E, Menard CA, Mitton-Fry M, Mullins L, Noe MC, O'Donnell J, Oliver R, Penzien J, Plummer M, Shanmugasundaram V, Thoma C, Tomaras AP, Uccello DP, Vaz A, Wishka DG. Pyridone methylsulfone hydroxamate LpxC inhibitors for the treatment of serious gram-negative infections. J Med Chem 2012; 55:1662-70. [PMID: 22257165 DOI: 10.1021/jm2014875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and biological activity of a new series of LpxC inhibitors represented by pyridone methylsulfone hydroxamate 2a is presented. Members of this series have improved solubility and free fraction when compared to compounds in the previously described biphenyl methylsulfone hydroxamate series, and they maintain superior Gram-negative antibacterial activity to comparator agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin I Montgomery
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States.
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Brown MF, Reilly U, Abramite JA, Arcari JT, Oliver R, Barham RA, Che Y, Chen JM, Collantes EM, Chung SW, Desbonnet C, Doty J, Doroski M, Engtrakul JJ, Harris TM, Huband M, Knafels JD, Leach KL, Liu S, Marfat A, Marra A, McElroy E, Melnick M, Menard CA, Montgomery JI, Mullins L, Noe MC, O'Donnell J, Penzien J, Plummer MS, Price LM, Shanmugasundaram V, Thoma C, Uccello DP, Warmus JS, Wishka DG. Potent inhibitors of LpxC for the treatment of Gram-negative infections. J Med Chem 2012; 55:914-23. [PMID: 22175825 DOI: 10.1021/jm2014748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we present the synthesis and SAR as well as selectivity, pharmacokinetic, and infection model data for representative analogues of a novel series of potent antibacterial LpxC inhibitors represented by hydroxamic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew F Brown
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States.
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Engtrakul JJ, Foti RS, Strelevitz TJ, Fisher MB. ALTERED AZT (3′-AZIDO-3′-DEOXYTHYMIDINE) GLUCURONIDATION KINETICS IN LIVER MICROSOMES AS AN EXPLANATION FOR UNDERPREDICTION OF IN VIVO CLEARANCE: COMPARISON TO HEPATOCYTES AND EFFECT OF INCUBATION ENVIRONMENT. Drug Metab Dispos 2005; 33:1621-7. [PMID: 16049128 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.105.005058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human liver microsomes are a reagent commonly used to predict human hepatic clearance of new chemical entities via phase 1 metabolism. Another common metabolic pathway, glucuronidation, can also be observed in human liver microsomes, although the scalability of this process has not been validated. In fact, several groups have demonstrated that clearance estimated from liver microsomes with UDP-glucuronic acid typically underpredicts the actual in vivo clearance more than 10-fold for compounds that are predominantly glucuronidated. In contrast, clearance predicted using human hepatocytes, for these same compounds, provides a more accurate assessment of in vivo clearance. We sought to characterize the kinetics of glucuronidation of the selective UGT2B7 substrate AZT (3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine), a selective UGT2B7 substrate, in human liver microsomes (HLMs), recombinant UGT2B7, and human hepatocytes. Apparent Km values in these three preparations were 760, 490, and 87 microM with apparent Vmax values highest in hepatocytes. The IC50 for ibuprofen against AZT glucuronidation, when run at its Km concentration in HLMs and hepatocytes, was 975 and 170 microM respectively. Since incubation conditions have been shown to modulate glucuronidation rates, AZT glucuronidation was performed in various physiological and nonphysiological buffer systems, namely Tris, phosphate, sulfate, carbonate, acetate, human plasma, deproteinized human liver cytosol, and Williams E medium. The data showed that carbonate and Williams E medium, more physiologically relevant buffers, yielded the highest rates of AZT glucuronidation. Km observed in HLM/carbonate was 240 microM closer to that found in hepatocytes, suggesting that matrix differences might cause the kinetic differences observed between liver preparations. Caution should be exercised when extrapolating metabolic lability via glucuronidation or inhibition of UGT enzymes from human liver microsomes, since this system appears to underpredict the degree of lability or inhibition, respectively, due in part to an apparent decrease in substrate affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntyma J Engtrakul
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, CT 06340, USA
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