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Hartman DA, Rice LM, DeMaria J, Borland EM, Bergren NA, Fagre AC, Robb LL, Webb CT, Kading RC. Entomological risk factors for potential transmission of Rift Valley fever virus around concentrations of livestock in Colorado. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 66:1709-1717. [PMID: 31002468 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) poses a major threat of introduction to several continents, including North America. Such an introduction could cause significant losses to the livestock industry, in addition to substantial human morbidity and mortality. Because of the opportunistic blood host selection of Culex tarsalis mosquitoes, we hypothesized that this species could be an important bridge vector of RVFV near feedlots in the event of an introduction. We investigated the mosquito community composition at livestock feedlots and surrounding natural and residential areas to determine differences in mosquito relative abundance and blood feeding patterns attributed to cattle feeding operations. DNA extracted from abdomens of blood-fed mosquitoes were sequenced to determine host identity. Multivariate regression analyses revealed differences between mosquito community assemblages at feedlots and non-feedlot sites (p < 0.05), with this effect driven largely by differential abundances of Aedes vexans (padj < 0.05). Mosquito diversity was lower on feedlots than surrounding areas for three out of four feedlots. Culex tarsalis was abundant at both feedlots and nearby sites. Diverse vertebrate blood meals were detected in Cx. tarsalis at non-feedlot sites, with a shift towards feeding on cattle at feedlots. These data support a potential for Cx. tarsalis to serve as a bridge vector of RVFV between livestock and humans in Colorado.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Hartman
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Lauren M Rice
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Justin DeMaria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Erin M Borland
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Nicholas A Bergren
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Anna C Fagre
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Lucy L Robb
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Colleen T Webb
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Rebekah C Kading
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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Brownrigg N, Braga LH, Rickard M, Farrokhyar F, Easterbrook B, Dekirmendjian A, Jegatheeswaran K, DeMaria J, Lorenzo AJ. The impact of a bladder training video versus standard urotherapy on quality of life of children with bladder and bowel dysfunction: A randomized controlled trial. J Pediatr Urol 2017; 13:374.e1-374.e8. [PMID: 28733159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bladder and bowel dysfunction (BBD) can negatively impact the quality of life (QoL) of children. Urotherapy is an accepted treatment option for BBD; however, literature that examines the impact of management options on QoL in this population is scarce. OBJECTIVE To determine whether a bladder training video (BTV) is non-inferior to standard urotherapy (SU) in improving QoL in children with BBD. METHODS Children aged 5-10 years and who scored ≥11 on the Vancouver Non-Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction/Dysfunctional Elimination Syndrome Questionnaire (NLUTD/DES) were recruited from a pediatric tertiary care center. Children were excluded with known vesicoureteral reflux; spinal dysraphism; learning disabilities; recent urotherapy; and primary nocturnal enuresis. Quality of life was evaluated using the Pediatric Incontinence Quality-of-Life questionnaire (PinQ). Questionnaires were administered at the baseline and 3-month follow-up clinic visits. Following centralized electronic blocked randomization schemes to guarantee allocation concealment, patients were assigned to receive SU or BTV during their regular clinic visits. An intention-to-treat protocol was followed. Between-group baseline and follow-up QoL scores were compared using paired and unpaired t-tests, and linear regression analysis. RESULTS Of the 539 BBD patients who were screened, 173 (32%) were eligible, and 150 (87%) were randomized. Of these, 143 (96%) completed the study, five (3%) were lost to follow-up, and two (1%) withdrew. In total, 140/143 (97%) completed the QoL questionnaire at baseline and follow-up. Mean follow-up time was 3.5 ± 1.1 months for BTV patients and 3.7 ± 1.6 months for SU. At baseline, BTV and SU patients had a mean QoL score of 26.6 ± 13 and 23.8 ± 12, respectively (P = 0.17). Between-group mean change in PinQ scores from baseline was not statistically significant (BTV: 6.25 ± 12.5 vs SU: 3.75 ± 12.2; P = 0.23; Summary Fig.). Significant predictors of positive change in QoL were: higher symptomatology score, with a correlation coefficient of 0.5 (95% CI: 0.2-0.9; P = 0.003), and worse baseline QoL score, with a correlation coefficient of 0.5 (95% CI: 0.4-0.7; P < 0.001). Overall, most patients had improved symptomatology and QoL scores. CONCLUSION Significant and similar QoL changes from baseline to follow-up were observed in both the BTV and SU groups, suggesting that BTV was non-inferior to SU in improving QoL in children with BBD. Quality of life assessment should be considered when evaluating interventions for BBD, as it appears to be an important clinical outcome with which to determine urotherapy success.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Brownrigg
- McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Clinical Urology Research Enterprise (CURE) Program, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - L H Braga
- McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; McMaster Pediatric Surgery Research Collaborative, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Clinical Urology Research Enterprise (CURE) Program, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - M Rickard
- McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Clinical Urology Research Enterprise (CURE) Program, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - F Farrokhyar
- McMaster Pediatric Surgery Research Collaborative, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Clinical Urology Research Enterprise (CURE) Program, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - B Easterbrook
- McMaster Pediatric Surgery Research Collaborative, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Dekirmendjian
- McMaster Pediatric Surgery Research Collaborative, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - K Jegatheeswaran
- McMaster Pediatric Surgery Research Collaborative, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - J DeMaria
- McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; McMaster Pediatric Surgery Research Collaborative, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Clinical Urology Research Enterprise (CURE) Program, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - A J Lorenzo
- Clinical Urology Research Enterprise (CURE) Program, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; The Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Urology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Fitzsimons PJ, Frost RA, Millward S, DeMaria J, Toi A. Prenatal and immediate postnatal ultrasonographic diagnosis of ureterocele. Can Assoc Radiol J 1986; 37:189-91. [PMID: 2944896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We report three patients in whom hydronephrosis was diagnosed by ultrasonography in utero. In two fetuses, ureteroceles were detected prenatally and these proved to be the cause of obstruction. In the third, bilateral simple ureteroceles were discovered immediately after birth. In the last patient, failure to see ureteroceles in utero may have been related to the phenomenon of ureterocele eversion and prolapse into the ureter. Ultrasonographers should be aware of this prolapse phenomenon as a potential pitfall for both the in utero and postpartum diagnosis of ureterocele.
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