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Moorefield J, Konuk Y, Norman JO, Abendroth J, Edwards TE, Lorimer DD, Mayclin SJ, Staker BL, Craig JK, Barett KF, Barrett LK, Van Voorhis WC, Myler PJ, McLaughlin KJ. Characterization of a family I inorganic pyrophosphatase from Legionella pneumophila Philadelphia 1. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2023; 79:257-266. [PMID: 37728609 PMCID: PMC10565794 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x23008002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) is generated as an intermediate or byproduct of many fundamental metabolic pathways, including DNA/RNA synthesis. The intracellular concentration of PPi must be regulated as buildup can inhibit many critical cellular processes. Inorganic pyrophosphatases (PPases) hydrolyze PPi into two orthophosphates (Pi), preventing the toxic accumulation of the PPi byproduct in cells and making Pi available for use in biosynthetic pathways. Here, the crystal structure of a family I inorganic pyrophosphatase from Legionella pneumophila is reported at 2.0 Å resolution. L. pneumophila PPase (LpPPase) adopts a homohexameric assembly and shares the oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide-binding (OB) β-barrel core fold common to many other bacterial family I PPases. LpPPase demonstrated hydrolytic activity against a general substrate, with Mg2+ being the preferred metal cofactor for catalysis. Legionnaires' disease is a severe respiratory infection caused primarily by L. pneumophila, and thus increased characterization of the L. pneumophila proteome is of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Moorefield
- Department of Chemistry, Vassar College, 124 Raymond Avenue, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604, USA
| | - Yagmur Konuk
- Department of Chemistry, Vassar College, 124 Raymond Avenue, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604, USA
| | - Jordan O. Norman
- Department of Chemistry, Vassar College, 124 Raymond Avenue, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604, USA
| | - Jan Abendroth
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, Washington, USA
- UCB Biosciences, 7869 Day Road West, Bainbridge Island, WA 98110, USA
| | - Thomas E. Edwards
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, Washington, USA
- UCB Biosciences, 7869 Day Road West, Bainbridge Island, WA 98110, USA
| | - Donald D. Lorimer
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, Washington, USA
- UCB Biosciences, 7869 Day Road West, Bainbridge Island, WA 98110, USA
| | - Stephen J. Mayclin
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, Washington, USA
- UCB Biosciences, 7869 Day Road West, Bainbridge Island, WA 98110, USA
| | - Bart L. Staker
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, Washington, USA
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Justin K. Craig
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, Washington, USA
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kayleigh F. Barett
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, Washington, USA
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lynn K. Barrett
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, Washington, USA
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Wesley C. Van Voorhis
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, Washington, USA
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Peter J. Myler
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, Washington, USA
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Krystle J. McLaughlin
- Department of Chemistry, Vassar College, 124 Raymond Avenue, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604, USA
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2
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Choi R, Zhou M, Shek R, Wilson JW, Tillery L, Craig JK, Salukhe IA, Hickson SE, Kumar N, James RM, Buchko GW, Wu R, Huff S, Nguyen TT, Hurst BL, Cherry S, Barrett LK, Hyde JL, Van Voorhis WC. High-throughput screening of the ReFRAME, Pandemic Box, and COVID Box drug repurposing libraries against SARS-CoV-2 nsp15 endoribonuclease to identify small-molecule inhibitors of viral activity. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250019. [PMID: 33886614 PMCID: PMC8062000 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has caused a global pandemic, and has taken over 1.7 million lives as of mid-December, 2020. Although great progress has been made in the development of effective countermeasures, with several pharmaceutical companies approved or poised to deliver vaccines to market, there is still an unmet need of essential antiviral drugs with therapeutic impact for the treatment of moderate-to-severe COVID-19. Towards this goal, a high-throughput assay was used to screen SARS-CoV-2 nsp15 uracil-dependent endonuclease (endoU) function against 13 thousand compounds from drug and lead repurposing compound libraries. While over 80% of initial hit compounds were pan-assay inhibitory compounds, three hits were confirmed as nsp15 endoU inhibitors in the 1-20 μM range in vitro. Furthermore, Exebryl-1, a ß-amyloid anti-aggregation molecule for Alzheimer's therapy, was shown to have antiviral activity between 10 to 66 μM, in Vero 76, Caco-2, and Calu-3 cells. Although the inhibitory concentrations determined for Exebryl-1 exceed those recommended for therapeutic intervention, our findings show great promise for further optimization of Exebryl-1 as an nsp15 endoU inhibitor and as a SARS-CoV-2 antiviral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Choi
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Mowei Zhou
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Roger Shek
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Jesse W. Wilson
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Logan Tillery
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Justin K. Craig
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Indraneel A. Salukhe
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Sarah E. Hickson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Neeraj Kumar
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Rhema M. James
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Garry W. Buchko
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, United States of America
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, WA, United States of America
- School of Molecular Bioscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - Ruilian Wu
- Bioenergy and Biome Sciences, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM, United States of America
| | - Sydney Huff
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Tu-Trinh Nguyen
- Calibr, a division of The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Brett L. Hurst
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States of America
| | - Sara Cherry
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Lynn K. Barrett
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Hyde
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Wesley C. Van Voorhis
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
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3
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Buchko GW, Zhou M, Craig JK, Van Voorhis WC, Myler PJ. Backbone chemical shift assignments for the SARS-CoV-2 non-structural protein Nsp9: intermediate (ms - μs) dynamics in the C-terminal helix at the dimer interface. Biomol NMR Assign 2021; 15:107-116. [PMID: 33392924 PMCID: PMC7779335 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-020-09992-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The Betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-2 non-structural protein Nsp9 is a 113-residue protein that is essential for viral replication, and consequently, a potential target for the development of therapeutics against COVID19 infections. To capture insights into the dynamics of the protein's backbone in solution and accelerate the identification and mapping of ligand-binding surfaces through chemical shift perturbation studies, the backbone 1H, 13C, and 15N NMR chemical shifts for Nsp9 have been extensively assigned. These assignments were assisted by the preparation of an ~ 70% deuterated sample and residue-specific, 15N-labelled samples (V, L, M, F, and K). A major feature of the assignments was the "missing" amide resonances for N96-L106 in the 1H-15N HSQC spectrum, a region that comprises almost the complete C-terminal α-helix that forms a major part of the homodimer interface in the crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 Nsp9, suggesting this region either undergoes intermediate motion in the ms to μs timescale and/or is heterogenous. These "missing" amide resonances do not unambiguously appear in the 1H-15N HSQC spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 Nsp9 collected at a concentration of 0.0007 mM. At this concentration, at the detection limit, native mass spectrometry indicates the protein is exclusively in the monomeric state, suggesting the intermediate motion in the C-terminal of Nsp9 may be due to intramolecular dynamics. Perhaps this intermediate ms to μs timescale dynamics is the physical basis for a previously suggested "fluidity" of the C-terminal helix that may be responsible for homophilic (Nsp9-Nsp9) and postulated heterophilic (Nsp9-Unknown) protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garry W Buchko
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease, Seattle, USA.
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA.
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA.
| | - Mowei Zhou
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Justin K Craig
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease, Seattle, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Wesley C Van Voorhis
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease, Seattle, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Peter J Myler
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease, Seattle, USA
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Medical Education and Biomedical Informatics, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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4
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Barrett KF, Dranow DM, Phan IQ, Michaels SA, Shaheen S, Navaluna ED, Craig JK, Tillery LM, Choi R, Edwards TE, Conrady DG, Abendroth J, Horanyi PS, Lorimer DD, Van Voorhis WC, Zhang Z, Barrett LK, Subramanian S, Staker B, Fan E, Myler PJ, Soge OO, Hybiske K, Ojo KK. Structures of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase in Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis. Protein Sci 2020; 29:768-778. [PMID: 31930578 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Ng) and Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) are the most commonly reported sexually transmitted bacteria worldwide and usually present as co-infections. Increasing resistance of Ng to currently recommended dual therapy of azithromycin and ceftriaxone presents therapeutic challenges for syndromic management of Ng-Ct co-infections. Development of a safe, effective, and inexpensive dual therapy for Ng-Ct co-infections is an effective strategy for the global control and prevention of these two most prevalent bacterial sexually transmitted infections. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a validated drug target with two approved drugs for indications other than antibacterials. Nonetheless, any new drugs targeting GAPDH in Ng and Ct must be specific inhibitors of bacterial GAPDH that do not inhibit human GAPDH, and structural information of Ng and Ct GAPDH will aid in finding such selective inhibitors. Here, we report the X-ray crystal structures of Ng and Ct GAPDH. Analysis of the structures demonstrates significant differences in amino acid residues in the active sites of human GAPDH from those of the two bacterial enzymes suggesting design of compounds to selectively inhibit Ng and Ct is possible. We also describe an efficient in vitro assay of recombinant GAPDH enzyme activity amenable to high-throughput drug screening to aid in identifying inhibitory compounds and begin to address selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayleigh F Barrett
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease, Seattle, Washington
| | - David M Dranow
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease, Seattle, Washington.,UCB Pharma, Bainbridge Island, Washington
| | - Isabelle Q Phan
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease, Seattle, Washington.,Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Samantha A Michaels
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Shareef Shaheen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Edelmar D Navaluna
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Justin K Craig
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease, Seattle, Washington
| | - Logan M Tillery
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ryan Choi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Thomas E Edwards
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease, Seattle, Washington.,UCB Pharma, Bainbridge Island, Washington
| | - Deborah G Conrady
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease, Seattle, Washington.,UCB Pharma, Bedford, Massachusetts
| | - Jan Abendroth
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease, Seattle, Washington.,UCB Pharma, Bainbridge Island, Washington
| | - Peter S Horanyi
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease, Seattle, Washington.,UCB Pharma, Bedford, Massachusetts
| | - Donald D Lorimer
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease, Seattle, Washington.,UCB Pharma, Bainbridge Island, Washington
| | - Wesley C Van Voorhis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Zhongsheng Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lynn K Barrett
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sandhya Subramanian
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease, Seattle, Washington.,Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Bart Staker
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease, Seattle, Washington.,Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Erkang Fan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Peter J Myler
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease, Seattle, Washington.,Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Biomedical Informatics & Medical Education
| | - Olusegun O Soge
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kevin Hybiske
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kayode K Ojo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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5
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Craig JK, Risler JK, Loesch KA, Dong W, Baker D, Barrett LK, Subramanian S, Samudrala R, Van Voorhis WC. Mycobacterium Cytidylate Kinase Appears to Be an Undruggable Target. J Biomol Screen 2016; 21:695-700. [PMID: 27146385 PMCID: PMC8565994 DOI: 10.1177/1087057116646702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
New and improved drugs against tuberculosis are urgently needed as multi-drug-resistant forms of the disease become more prevalent. Mycobacterium tuberculosis cytidylate kinase is an attractive target for screening due to its essentiality and different substrate specificity to the human orthologue. However, we selected the Mycobacterium smegmatis cytidylate kinase for screening because of the availability of high-resolution X-ray crystallographic data defining its structure and the high likelihood of active site structural similarity to the M. tuberculosis orthologue. We report the development and implementation of a high-throughput luciferase-based activity assay and screening of 19,920 compounds derived from small-molecule libraries and an in silico screen predicting likely inhibitors of the cytidylate kinase enzyme. Hit validation included a counterscreen for luciferase inhibitors that would result in false positives in the initial screen. Results of this counterscreen ruled out all of the putative cytidylate kinase inhibitors identified in the initial screening, leaving no compounds as candidates for drug development. Although a negative result, this study indicates that this important drug target may in fact be undruggable and serve as a warning for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin K Craig
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Disease (CERID), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jenni K Risler
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (Fred Hutch), Genomics Shared Resource, High-Throughput Screening Facility, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kimberly A Loesch
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Wen Dong
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Dwight Baker
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Lynn K Barrett
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Disease (CERID), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Ram Samudrala
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Wesley C Van Voorhis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Disease (CERID), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Departments of Global Health and Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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6
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Karnauskas M, Schirripa MJ, Craig JK, Cook GS, Kelble CR, Agar JJ, Black BA, Enfield DB, Lindo-Atichati D, Muhling BA, Purcell KM, Richards PM, Wang C. Evidence of climate-driven ecosystem reorganization in the Gulf of Mexico. Glob Chang Biol 2015; 21:2554-2568. [PMID: 25778777 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The Gulf of Mexico is one of the most ecologically and economically valuable marine ecosystems in the world and is affected by a variety of natural and anthropogenic phenomena including climate, hurricanes, coastal development, agricultural runoff, oil spills, and fishing. These complex and interacting stressors, together with the highly dynamic nature of this ecosystem, present challenges for the effective management of its resources. We analyze a compilation of over 100 indicators representing physical, biological, and economic aspects of the Gulf of Mexico and find that an ecosystem-wide reorganization occurred in the mid-1990s. Further analysis of fishery landings composition data indicates a major shift in the late 1970s coincident with the advent of US national fisheries management policy, as well as significant shifts in the mid-1960s and the mid-1990s. These latter shifts are aligned temporally with changes in a major climate mode in the Atlantic Ocean: the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). We provide an explanation for how the AMO may drive physical changes in the Gulf of Mexico, thus altering higher-level ecosystem dynamics. The hypotheses presented here should provide focus for further targeted studies, particularly in regard to whether and how management should adjust to different climate regimes or states of nature. Our study highlights the challenges in understanding the effects of climatic drivers against a background of multiple anthropogenic pressures, particularly in a system where these forces interact in complex and nonlinear ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Karnauskas
- Southeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, 75 Virginia Beach Drive, Miami, FL, 33149, USA
| | - Michael J Schirripa
- Southeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, 75 Virginia Beach Drive, Miami, FL, 33149, USA
| | - J K Craig
- Southeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, 101 Pivers Island Road, Beaufort, NC, 28516, USA
| | - Geoffrey S Cook
- Atlantic Meteorological and Oceanographic Laboratory, Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL, 33149, USA
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL, 33149, USA
| | - Christopher R Kelble
- Atlantic Meteorological and Oceanographic Laboratory, Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL, 33149, USA
| | - Juan J Agar
- Southeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, 75 Virginia Beach Drive, Miami, FL, 33149, USA
| | - Bryan A Black
- Marine Science Institute, University of Texas, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX, 78373, USA
| | - David B Enfield
- Atlantic Meteorological and Oceanographic Laboratory, Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL, 33149, USA
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL, 33149, USA
| | - David Lindo-Atichati
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL, 33149, USA
| | - Barbara A Muhling
- Southeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, 75 Virginia Beach Drive, Miami, FL, 33149, USA
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL, 33149, USA
| | - Kevin M Purcell
- Southeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, 101 Pivers Island Road, Beaufort, NC, 28516, USA
| | - Paul M Richards
- Southeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, 75 Virginia Beach Drive, Miami, FL, 33149, USA
| | - Chunzai Wang
- Atlantic Meteorological and Oceanographic Laboratory, Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL, 33149, USA
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7
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Craig JK, Foote CJ. Countergradient variation and secondary sexual color: phenotypic convergence promotes genetic divergence in carotenoid use between sympatric anadromous and nonanadromous morphs of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). Evolution 2001; 55:380-91. [PMID: 11308094 DOI: 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2001.tb01301.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Genetically distinct anadromous (sockeye) and nonanadromous (kokanee) morphs of the Pacific salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, develop identical, brilliant red color at maturity during sympatric breeding in freshwater streams. The marine and lacustrine environments they occupy prior to maturity, however, appear to differ in the availability of dietary carotenoid pigments necessary to produce red coloration. We tested the hypothesis that kokanee, which occupy carotenoid-poor lakes, are more efficient at using the dietary pigments than are sockeye, which occupy the more productive North Pacific Ocean. In a 2-year controlled breeding study, flesh and skin color of mature and immature crosses fed a low-carotenoid diet were quantified with both a chromameter and by chemical extraction of carotenoid pigments. Results revealed striking countergradient variation in carotenoid use, with kokanee approximately three times more efficient at sequestering the pigments to the flesh musculature than similar age sockeye. This difference translated into virtually nonoverlapping differences between pure crosses in secondary sexual color at maturity, when the pigments are mobilized and transported to the skin. Kokanee crosses turned pinkish red over most of their body, whereas sockeye turned olive green. The olive green was similar to the breeding color of residuals in the wild, the progeny of anadromous sockeye that remain in fresh water and are believed to have given rise to kokanee on numerous independent occasions. Reciprocal hybrids were similar to each other and intermediate to the pure crosses, indicating additive genetic inheritance. Mate choice trials with sockeye males in the wild showed the ancestral morph strongly preferred red over green models. These results suggest a preference for red mates maintained in nonanadromous breeding populations drove the reevolution of the red phenotype in kokanee via more efficient use of dietary carotenoid pigments. This is a novel, yet hidden, mechanism by which sexual selection promotes the genetic differentiation of these sympatric populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Craig
- School of Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA.
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8
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Abstract
To facilitate the proper interpretation of MR images, it is necessary for the radiologist to be alert to the many potential sources of image artifacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Patton
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
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