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Allbritton-King JD, Maity J, Patel A, Colbert RA, Navid F, Bhattacharyya T. VEGF Secretion Drives Bone Formation in Classical MAP2K1+ Melorheostosis. J Bone Miner Res 2023; 38:1834-1845. [PMID: 37737377 PMCID: PMC10872821 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Patients with classical melorheostosis exhibit exuberant bone overgrowth in the appendicular skeleton, resulting in pain and deformity with no known treatment. Most patients have somatic, mosaic mutations in MAP2K1 (encoding the MEK1 protein) in osteoblasts and overlying skin. As with most rare bone diseases, lack of affected tissue has limited the opportunity to understand how the mutation results in excess bone formation. The aim of this study was to create a cellular model to study melorheostosis. We obtained patient skin cells bearing the MAP2K1 mutation (affected cells), and along with isogenic control normal fibroblasts reprogrammed them using the Sendai virus method into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Pluripotency was validated by marker staining and embryoid body formation. iPSCs were then differentiated to mesenchymal stem cells (iMSCs) and validated by flow cytometry. We confirmed retention of the MAP2K1 mutation in iMSCs with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and confirmed elevated MEK1 activity by immunofluorescence staining. Mutation-bearing iMSCs showed significantly elevated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion, proliferation and collagen I and IV secretion. iMSCs were then differentiated into osteoblasts, which showed increased mineralization at 21 days and increased VEGF secretion at 14 and 21 days of differentiation. Administration of VEGF to unaffected iMSCs during osteogenic differentiation was sufficient to increase mineralization. Blockade of VEGF by bevacizumab reduced mineralization in iMSC-derived affected osteoblasts and in affected primary patient-derived osteoblasts. These data indicate that patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells recreate the elevated MEK1 activity, increased mineralization, and increased proliferation seen in melorheostosis patients. The increased bone formation is driven, in part, by abundant VEGF secretion. Modifying the activity of VEGF (a known stimulator of osteoblastogenesis) represents a promising treatment pathway to explore. iPSCs may have wide applications to other rare bone diseases. © 2023 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules D Allbritton-King
- Clinical and Investigative Orthopedics Surgery Unit, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jyotirindra Maity
- Clinical and Investigative Orthopedics Surgery Unit, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amit Patel
- Clinical and Investigative Orthopedics Surgery Unit, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert A Colbert
- Pediatric Translational Research Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fatemeh Navid
- Pediatric Translational Research Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Timothy Bhattacharyya
- Clinical and Investigative Orthopedics Surgery Unit, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Laha D, Sarkar J, Maity J, Pramanik A, Howlader MSI, Barthels D, Das H. Polyphenolic Compounds Inhibit Osteoclast Differentiation While Reducing Autophagy through Limiting ROS and the Mitochondrial Membrane Potential. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091220. [PMID: 36139058 PMCID: PMC9496366 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenolic compounds are a diverse group of natural compounds that interact with various cellular proteins responsible for cell survival, differentiation, and apoptosis. However, it is yet to be established how these compounds interact in myeloid cells during their differentiation and the molecular and intracellular mechanisms involved. Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells that originate from myeloid cells. They resorb cartilage and bone, maintain bone homeostasis, and can cause pathogenesis. Autophagy is a cellular mechanism that is responsible for the degradation of damaged proteins and organelles within cells and helps maintain intracellular homeostasis. Imbalances in autophagy cause various pathological disorders. The current study investigated the role of several polyphenolic compounds, including tannic acid (TA), gallic acid (GA), and ellagic acid (EA) in the regulation of osteoclast differentiation of myeloid cells. We demonstrated that polyphenolic compounds inhibit osteoclast differentiation in a dose-dependent manner. Quantitative real-time PCR, immunocytochemistry, and western blotting revealed that osteoclast markers, such as NFATc1, Cathepsin K, and TRAP were inhibited after the addition of polyphenolic compounds during osteoclast differentiation. In our investigation into the molecular mechanisms, we found that the addition of polyphenolic compounds reduced the number of autophagic vesicles and the levels of LC3B, BECN1, ATG5, and ATG7 molecules through the inactivation of Akt, thus inhibiting the autophagy process. In addition, we found that by decreasing intracellular calcium and decreasing ROS levels, along with decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential, polyphenolic compounds inhibit osteoclast differentiation. Together, this study provides evidence that polyphenolic compounds inhibit osteoclast differentiation by reducing ROS production, autophagy, intracellular Ca2+ level, and mitochondrial membrane potentials.
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Maity J, Barthels D, Sarkar J, Prateeksha P, Deb M, Rolph D, Das H. Ferutinin induces osteoblast differentiation of DPSCs via induction of KLF2 and autophagy/mitophagy. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:452. [PMID: 35552354 PMCID: PMC9098908 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04903-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Osteoblast differentiation is critically reduced in various bone-related pathogenesis, including arthritis and osteoporosis. For future development of effective regenerative therapeutics, herein, we reveal the involved molecular mechanisms of a phytoestrogen, ferutinin-induced initiation of osteoblast differentiation from dental pulp-derived stem cell (DPSC). We demonstrate the significantly increased expression level of a transcription factor, Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) along with autophagy-related molecules in DPSCs after induction with ferutinin. The loss-of-function and the gain-of-function approaches of KLF2 confirmed that the ferutinin-induced KLF2 modulated autophagic and OB differentiation-related molecules. Further, knockdown of the autophagic molecule (ATG7 or BECN1) from DPSC resulted not only in a decreased level of KLF2 but also in the reduced levels of OB differentiation-related molecules. Moreover, mitochondrial membrane potential-related molecules were increased and induction of mitophagy was observed in DPSCs after the addition of ferutinin. The reduction of mitochondrial as well as total ROS generations; and induction of intracellular Ca2+ production were also observed in ferutinin-treated DPSCs. To test the mitochondrial respiration in DPSCs, we found that the cells treated with ferutinin showed a reduced extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) than that of their vehicle-treated counterparts. Furthermore, mechanistically, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis revealed that the addition of ferutinin in DPSCs not only induced the level of KLF2, but also induced the transcriptionally active epigenetic marks (H3K27Ac and H3K4me3) on the promoter region of the autophagic molecule ATG7. These results provide strong evidence that ferutinin stimulates OB differentiation via induction of KLF2-mediated autophagy/mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotirindra Maity
- grid.416992.10000 0001 2179 3554Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX USA
| | - Derek Barthels
- grid.416992.10000 0001 2179 3554Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX USA
| | - Jaganmay Sarkar
- grid.416992.10000 0001 2179 3554Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX USA
| | - Prateeksha Prateeksha
- grid.416992.10000 0001 2179 3554Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX USA
| | - Moonmoon Deb
- grid.416992.10000 0001 2179 3554Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX USA
| | - Daniela Rolph
- grid.416992.10000 0001 2179 3554Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX USA
| | - Hiranmoy Das
- grid.416992.10000 0001 2179 3554Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX USA
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Maity J, Horibata S, Zurcher G, Lee JM. Targeting of RecQ Helicases as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051219. [PMID: 35267530 PMCID: PMC8909030 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RecQ helicases are essential for DNA replication, recombination, DNA damage repair, and other nucleic acid metabolic pathways required for normal cell growth, survival, and genome stability. More recently, RecQ helicases have been shown to be important for replication fork stabilization, one of the major mechanisms of PARP inhibitor resistance. Cancer cells often have upregulated helicases and depend on these enzymes to repair rapid growth-promoted DNA lesions. Several studies are now evaluating the use of RecQ helicases as potential biomarkers of breast and gynecologic cancers. Furthermore, RecQ helicases have attracted interest as possible targets for cancer treatment. In this review, we discuss the characteristics of RecQ helicases and their interacting partners that may be utilized for effective treatment strategies (as cancers depend on helicases for survival). We also discuss how targeting helicase in combination with DNA repair inhibitors (i.e., PARP and ATR inhibitors) can be used as novel approaches for cancer treatment to increase sensitivity to current treatment to prevent rise of treatment resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotirindra Maity
- Women’s Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (J.M.); (G.Z.)
| | - Sachi Horibata
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Correspondence: (S.H.); (J.M.L.)
| | - Grant Zurcher
- Women’s Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (J.M.); (G.Z.)
| | - Jung-Min Lee
- Women’s Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (J.M.); (G.Z.)
- Correspondence: (S.H.); (J.M.L.)
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Karmakar D, Maity J, Mondal P, Shyam Chowdhury P, Sikdar N, Karmakar P, Das C, Sengupta S. E2F5 promotes prostate cancer cell migration and invasion through regulation of TFPI2, MMP-2 and MMP-9. Carcinogenesis 2021; 41:1767-1780. [PMID: 32386317 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, our laboratory demonstrated that a deregulated E2F5/p38/SMAD3 axis was associated with uncontrolled cellular proliferation in prostate cancer (PCa). Here, we investigate the role of E2F5 in PCa in further details. RNAi-mediated E2F5 knockdown and pathway-focused gene expression profiling in PC3 cells identified TFPI2 as a downstream target of E2F5. Manipulation of E2F5 expression was also found to alter MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels as detected by Proteome Profiler array, western blot and reverse transcription coupled quantitative polymerase chain reaction Site-directed mutagenesis, dual-luciferase assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation with anti-E2F5-IgG coupled with qPCR confirmed recruitment of E2F5 on TFPI2, MMP-2 and MMP-9 promoters. RNAi-mediated knockdown of E2F5 expression in PC3 caused a significant alteration of cell migration while that of TFFI2 resulted in a modest change. Abrogation of E2F5 and TFPI2 expression was associated with significant changes in the gelatinolytic activity of active forms of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Moreover, E2F5, MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels were elevated in biopsies of PCa patients relative to that of benign hyperplasia, while TFPI2 expression was reduced. MMP-9 was coimmunoprecipitated with anti-TFPI2-IgG in PCa tissue samples suggesting a direct interaction between the proteins. Finally, artemisinin treatment in PC3 cells repressed E2F5 along with MMP-2/MMP-9 while triggering TFPI2 expression which alleviated PC3 aggressiveness possibly through inhibition of MMP activities. Together, our study reinstates an oncogenic role of E2F5 which operates as a dual-function transcription factor for its targets TFPI2, MMP-2 and MMP-9 and promotes cellular invasiveness. This study also indicates a therapeutic potential of artemisinin, a natural compound which acts by correcting dysfunctional E2F5/TFPI2/MMP axis in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepmala Karmakar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Jyotirindra Maity
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Payel Mondal
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.,Department of Life Sciences, Homi Bhaba National Institute (HBNI), BARC Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Puskar Shyam Chowdhury
- Department of Urology, K. P. C. Medical College and Hospital Campus, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Nilabja Sikdar
- Human Genetics Unit, Biological Sciences Division, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Parimal Karmakar
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Chandrima Das
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.,Department of Life Sciences, Homi Bhaba National Institute (HBNI), BARC Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Maity J, Deb M, Greene C, Das H. KLF2 regulates dental pulp-derived stem cell differentiation through the induction of mitophagy and altering mitochondrial metabolism. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101622. [PMID: 32777717 PMCID: PMC7417940 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To define the regulatory role of Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) during osteoblast (OB) differentiation of dental pulp-derived stem cell (DPSC)s, herein, we show that the levels of KLF2 and autophagy-related molecules were significantly increased in differentiated cells. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function approaches of KLF2 confirmed that KLF2 modulated autophagic and OB differentiation-related molecules. In addition, knockdown of the autophagic molecule (ATG7 or BECN1) in DPSCs resulted in reduced levels of KLF2 and OB differentiation-related molecules. Conversely, the induction of autophagy increased levels of KLF2 and OB differentiation-related molecules. Moreover, OB differentiation induced mitophagy and mitochondrial membrane potential-related molecules. In addition, OB differentiation reduced the generation of total and mitochondrial ROS productions and induced intracellular Ca2+ production. Measurements of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation simultaneously in live cells revealed that OB differentiation decreased the oxygen consumption rate, which is an indicator of mitochondrial respiration and reduced the level of ATP production. Furthermore, flux analysis also revealed that OB differentiation increased the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) in the non-glycolytic acidification, and the glycolytic capacity conditions, increasing the lactate production and reducing the metabolic activity of the cells. Thus, a metabolic shift from mitochondrial respiration to the glycolytic pathway was observed during OB differentiation. Finally, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis confirmed that the KLF2 and active epigenetic marks (H3K27Ac and H3K4me3) were upregulated in the promoter region of ATG7 during OB differentiation. These results provide evidence that the mitophagy process is important during OB differentiation, and KLF2 critically regulates it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotirindra Maity
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Moonmoon Deb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Carl Greene
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Hiranmoy Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA.
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Maity J, Das B, Bohr VA, Karmakar P. Acidic domain of WRNp is critical for autophagy and up-regulates age associated proteins. DNA Repair (Amst) 2018; 68:1-11. [PMID: 29800817 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Impaired autophagy may be associated with normal and pathological aging. Here we explore a link between autophagy and domain function of Werner protein (WRNp). Werner (WRN) mutant cell lines AG11395, AG05229 and normal aged fibroblast AG13129 display a deficient response to tunicamycin mediated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced autophagy compared to clinically unaffected GM00637 and normal young fibroblast GM03440. Cellular endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress mediated autophagy in WS and normal aged cells is restored after transfection with wild type full length WRN, but deletion of the acidic domain from wild type WRN fails to restore autophagy. The acidic domain of WRNp was shown to regulate its transcriptional activity, and here, we show that it affects the transcription of certain proteins involved in autophagy and aging. Furthermore, siRNA mediated silencing of WRN in normal fibroblast WI-38 resulted in decrease of age related proteins Lamin A/C and Mre11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotirindra Maity
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Biswadip Das
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Parimal Karmakar
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
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Maity J, Bohr VA, Laskar A, Karmakar P. Transient overexpression of Werner protein rescues starvation induced autophagy in Werner syndrome cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1842:2387-94. [PMID: 25257404 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Reduced autophagy may be associated with normal and pathological aging. Here we report a link between autophagy and Werner protein (WRNp), mutated in Werner syndrome, the human premature aging Werner syndrome (WS). WRN mutant fibroblast AG11395 and AG05229 respond weakly to starvation induced autophagy compared to normal cells. While the fusion of phagosomes with lysosome is normal, WS cells contain fewer autophagy vacuoles. Cellular starvation autophagy in WS cells is restored after transfection with full length WRN. Further, siRNA mediated silencing of WRN in the normal fibroblast cell line WI-38 results in decreased autophagy and altered expression of autophagy related proteins. Thus, our observations suggest that WRN may have a role in controlling autophagy and hereby cellular maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotirindra Maity
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Aparna Laskar
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Parimal Karmakar
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
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Laha D, Pramanik A, Maity J, Mukherjee A, Pramanik P, Laskar A, Karmakar P. Interplay between autophagy and apoptosis mediated by copper oxide nanoparticles in human breast cancer cells MCF7. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1840:1-9. [PMID: 23962629 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metal oxide nanoparticles are well known to generate oxidative stress and deregulate normal cellular activities. Among these, transition metals copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) are more compelling than others and able to modulate different cellular responses. METHODS In this work, we have synthesized and characterized CuO NPs by various biophysical methods. These CuO NPs (~30nm) induce autophagy in human breast cancer cell line, MCF7 in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Cellular autophagy was tested by MDC staining, induction of green fluorescent protein-light chain 3 (GFP-LC3B) foci by confocal microscopy, transfection of pBABE-puro mCherry-EGFP-LC3B plasmid and Western blotting of autophagy marker proteins LC3B, beclin1 and ATG5. Further, inhibition of autophagy by 3-MA decreased LD50 doses of CuO NPs. Such cell death was associated with the induction of apoptosis as revealed by FACS analysis, cleavage of PARP, de-phosphorylation of Bad and increased cleavage product of caspase 3. siRNA mediated inhibition of autophagy related gene beclin1 also demonstrated similar results. Finally induction of apoptosis by 3-MA in CuO NP treated cells was observed by TEM. RESULTS This study indicates that CuO NPs are a potent inducer of autophagy which may be a cellular defense against the CuO NP mediated toxicity and inhibition of autophagy switches the cellular response into apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS A combination of CuO NPs with the autophagy inhibitor is essential to induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE CuO NP induced autophagy is a survival strategy of MCF7 cells and inhibition of autophagy renders cellular fate to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipranjan Laha
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700 032, India
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Maity J, Jacob C, Das CK, Singh RP. Direct fluorination of Twaron fiber and investigation of mechanical thermal and morphological properties of high density polyethylene and Twaron fiber composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.27510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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