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Hadad K, Esmaeili-Sanjavanmareh M. PCTRAN enhancement for large break loss of coolant accident concurrent with loss of offsite power in VVER-1000 simulation. KERNTECHNIK 2022. [DOI: 10.3139/124.110649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
PCTRAN capability to simulate a large break loss of coolant accident concurrent with the loss of offsite power in Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant is enhanced and investigated. Following the correction of the accident scenario for Bushehr nuclear power plant in PCTRAN, simulation results are compared with the final safety assessment report of that plant. As a result, the primary loop thermal hydraulics parameters including pressure, total flow rates, leakage flow rates and reactor power are in a good agreement with the reference data. Hot and cold leg temperature variations have the same trends as reference data but have a maximum of 80 8C disagreement at the transient initiation. The reason for this disagreement is explained and its adjustment is discussed. Improvements of PCTRAN simulator are mainly due to enhancing user control for atmospheric steam dump valve, containment pressure and emergency core cooling systems which are thoroughly described in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Hadad
- Department of nuclear engineering Shiraz University , Shiraz Iran , 7193616548
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Rafiei M, Ansarifar G, Hadad K, Mohammadi M. Load-following control of a nuclear reactor using optimized FOPID controller based on the two-point fractional neutron kinetics model considering reactivity feedback effects. Progress in Nuclear Energy 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pnucene.2021.103936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Mirzapour M, Hadad K, Faghihi R, Hamilton RJ, Watchman CJ. Fast Monte-Carlo Photon Transport Employing GPU-Based Parallel Computation. IEEE Trans Radiat Plasma Med Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1109/trpms.2020.2972202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Jabbari M, Hadad K, Pirouzmand A. The safety improvement of VVER-1000 NPP against SBO accident using portable air-cooled diesel generator. ANN NUCL ENERGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anucene.2019.107225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Omidifard P, Pirouzmand A, Hadad K, Şahin S. Analysis of loss of cooling and loss of coolant severe accident scenarios in VVER-1000/V446 spent fuel pool. ANN NUCL ENERGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anucene.2019.107205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Rafiei M, Ansarifar G, Hadad K, Mohammadi M. Stability analysis of linear FNPK model considering reactivity feedback effects for a research nuclear reactor. Progress in Nuclear Energy 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pnucene.2019.103081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Porhemmat M, Hadad K, Dulla S, Ravetto P. Verification and validation of the modular ray tracing MOC using the coupled forward-adjoint approach and application to C5G7 benchmark. ANN NUCL ENERGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anucene.2019.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Jabbari M, Hadad K, Pirouzmand A. Re-assessment of station blackout accident in VVER-1000 NPP with additional measures following Fukushima accident using Relap/Mod3.2. ANN NUCL ENERGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anucene.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kamyab S, Nematollahi M, Hadad K. Using MCNP for success criteria evaluation of reactor trip function in probabilistic modeling of ATWS upon LOOP. Progress in Nuclear Energy 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pnucene.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Mokhtari J, Faghihi F, Khorsandi J, Hadad K. Conceptual design study of the low power and LEU medical reactor for BNCT using in-tank fission converter to increase epithermal flux. Progress in Nuclear Energy 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pnucene.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Zeinali-Rafsanjani B, Faghihi R, Mosleh-Shirazi MA, Mosalaei A, Hadad K. Revision of orthovoltage chest wall treatment using Monte Carlo simulations. Technol Health Care 2016; 25:413-424. [PMID: 27886021 DOI: 10.3233/thc-161276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Given the high local control rates observed in breast cancer patients undergoing chest wall irradiation by kilovoltage x-rays, we aimed to revisit this treatment modality by accurate calculation of dose distributions using Monte Carlo simulation. METHODS AND MATERIAL The machine components were simulated using the MCNPX code. This model was used to assess the dose distribution of chest wall kilovoltage treatment in different chest wall thicknesses and larger contour or fat patients in standard and mid sternum treatment plans. Assessments were performed at 50 and 100 cm focus surface distance (FSD) and different irradiation angles. In order to evaluate different plans, indices like homogeneity index, conformity index, the average dose of heart, lung, left anterior descending artery (LAD) and percentage target coverage (PTC) were used. Finally, the results were compared with the indices provided by electron therapy which is a more routine treatment of chest wall. RESULT These indices in a medium chest wall thickness in standard treatment plan at 50 cm FSD and 15 degrees tube angle was as follows: homogeneity index 2.57, conformity index 7.31, average target dose 27.43 Gy, average dose of heart, lung and LAD, 1.03, 2.08 and 1.60 Gy respectively and PTC 11.19%. Assessments revealed that dose homogeneity in planning target volume (PTV) and conformity between the high dose region and PTV was poor. To improve the treatment indices, the reference point was transferred from the chest wall skin surface to the center of PTV. The indices changed as follows: conformity index 7.31, average target dose 60.19 Gy, the average dose of heart, lung and LAD, 3.57, 6.38 and 5.05 Gy respectively and PTC 55.24%. Coverage index of electron therapy was 89% while it was 22.74% in the old orthovoltage method and also the average dose of the target was about 50 Gy but in the given method it was almost 30 Gy. CONCLUSION The results of the treatment study show that the optimized standard and mid sternum treatment for different chest wall thicknesses is with 50 cm FSD and zero (vertical) tube angle, while in large contour patients, it is with 100 cm FSD and zero tube angle. Finally, chest wall kilovoltage and electron therapies were compared, which revealed that electron therapy produces a better dose distribution than kilovoltage therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Zeinali-Rafsanjani
- Medical Radiation Department, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.,Medical Imaging Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - R Faghihi
- Medical Radiation Department, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.,Radiation Research Center, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M A Mosleh-Shirazi
- Medical Imaging Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Radiotherapy and Oncology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - A Mosalaei
- Radiotherapy and Oncology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - K Hadad
- Medical Radiation Department, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Hadad K, Porhemmat M. SARCS cross section library generator: Part two: Fast and quasi transients evaluations. Progress in Nuclear Energy 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pnucene.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Hadad K, Zohrevand M, Faghihi R, Sedighi Pashaki A. Accuracy Evaluation of Oncentra™ TPS in HDR Brachytherapy of Nasopharynx Cancer Using EGSnrc Monte Carlo Code. J Biomed Phys Eng 2015; 5:25-30. [PMID: 25973408 PMCID: PMC4417616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HDR brachytherapy is one of the commonest methods of nasopharyngeal cancer treatment. In this method, depending on how advanced one tumor is, 2 to 6 Gy dose as intracavitary brachytherapy is prescribed. Due to high dose rate and tumor location, accuracy evaluation of treatment planning system (TPS) is particularly important. Common methods used in TPS dosimetry are based on computations in a homogeneous phantom. Heterogeneous phantoms, especially patient-specific voxel phantoms can increase dosimetric accuracy. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, using CT images taken from a patient and ctcreate-which is a part of the DOSXYZnrc computational code, patient-specific phantom was made. Dose distribution was plotted by DOSXYZnrc and compared with TPS one. Also, by extracting the voxels absorbed dose in treatment volume, dose-volume histograms (DVH) was plotted and compared with Oncentra™ TPS DVHs. RESULTS The results from calculations were compared with data from Oncentra™ treatment planning system and it was observed that TPS calculation predicts lower dose in areas near the source, and higher dose in areas far from the source relative to MC code. Absorbed dose values in the voxels also showed that TPS reports D90 value is 40% higher than the Monte Carlo method. CONCLUSION Today, most treatment planning systems use TG-43 protocol. This protocol may results in errors such as neglecting tissue heterogeneity, scattered radiation as well as applicator attenuation. Due to these errors, AAPM emphasized departing from TG-43 protocol and approaching new brachytherapy protocol TG-186 in which patient-specific phantom is used and heterogeneities are affected in dosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Hadad
- Nuclear Engineering Department, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M. Zohrevand
- Nuclear Engineering Department, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - R. Faghihi
- Nuclear Engineering Department, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Hadad K, Zoherhvand M, Faghihi R. SU-E-T-169: Evaluation of Oncentra TPS for Nasopharynx Brachy Using Patient Specific Voxel Phantom and EGSnrc. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4888498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Baradaran-Ghahfarokhi M, Mosleh-Shirazi M, Faghihi R, Bagheri M, Hadad K, Meigooni A. PO-1026: A novel four-dimensional method of organ dosimetry in prostatebrachytherapy. Radiother Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)31144-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Moghadam A, Hadad K, Watchman C, Hamilton R. WE-C-108-03: CT-Based 3D Dose Calculation Method Using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Med Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4815526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Hadad K, Zaker N. SU-E-J-172: Dose Estimation in Lung Brachytherapy Using Voxelized Phantom 4DCT and MCNP. Med Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4814384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Abstract
Abstract
This paper presents a neural network based fault diagnosing approach which allows dynamic crack and leaks fault identification. The method utilizes the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) technique to reduce the problem dimension. Such a dimension reduction approach leads to faster diagnosing and allows a better graphic presentation of the results. To show the effectiveness of the proposed approach, two methodologies are used to train the neural network (NN). At first, a training matrix composed of 14 variables is used to train a Multilayer Perceptron neural network (MLP) with Resilient Backpropagation (RBP) algorithm. Employing the proposed method, a more accurate and simpler network is designed where the input size is reduced from 14 to 6 variables for training the NN. In short, the application of PCA highly reduces the network topology and allows employing more efficient training algorithms. The accuracy, generalization ability, and reliability of the designed networks are verified using 10 simulated events data from a VVER-1000 simulation using DINAMIKA-97 code. Noise is added to the data to evaluate the robustness of the method and the method again shows to be effective and powerful.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Hadad
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, 7134554115, Shiraz, Iran, E-mail:
| | - M. Jabbari
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, 7134554115, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Z. Tabadar
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, 7134554115, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M. Hashemi-Tilehnoee
- Department of Engineering, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, Iran
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Erfani Nia A, Faghihi F, Hadad K. Prompt and power reactivity coefficients for the next generation VVER-1000 reactor including hexagonal assemblies and annular fuels. Progress in Nuclear Energy 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pnucene.2012.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Mosleh-Shirazi MA, Hadad K, Faghihi R, Baradaran-Ghahfarokhi M, Naghshnezhad Z, Meigooni AS. EchoSeed Model 6733 Iodine-125 brachytherapy source: improved dosimetric characterization using the MCNP5 Monte Carlo code. Med Phys 2012; 39:4653-9. [PMID: 22894389 DOI: 10.1118/1.4736418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
This study primarily aimed to obtain the dosimetric characteristics of the Model 6733 (125)I seed (EchoSeed) with improved precision and accuracy using a more up-to-date Monte-Carlo code and data (MCNP5) compared to previously published results, including an uncertainty analysis. Its secondary aim was to compare the results obtained using the MCNP5, MCNP4c2, and PTRAN codes for simulation of this low-energy photon-emitting source. The EchoSeed geometry and chemical compositions together with a published (125)I spectrum were used to perform dosimetric characterization of this source as per the updated AAPM TG-43 protocol. These simulations were performed in liquid water material in order to obtain the clinically applicable dosimetric parameters for this source model. Dose rate constants in liquid water, derived from MCNP4c2 and MCNP5 simulations, were found to be 0.993 cGyh(-1) U(-1) (±1.73%) and 0.965 cGyh(-1) U(-1) (±1.68%), respectively. Overall, the MCNP5 derived radial dose and 2D anisotropy functions results were generally closer to the measured data (within ±4%) than MCNP4c and the published data for PTRAN code (Version 7.43), while the opposite was seen for dose rate constant. The generally improved MCNP5 Monte Carlo simulation may be attributed to a more recent and accurate cross-section library. However, some of the data points in the results obtained from the above-mentioned Monte Carlo codes showed no statistically significant differences. Derived dosimetric characteristics in liquid water are provided for clinical applications of this source model.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Mosleh-Shirazi
- Center for Research in Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering and Physics Unit, Radiotherapy Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71936-13311, Iran.
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Tabadar Z, Hadad K, Nematollahi M, Jabbari M, Khaleghi M, Hashemi-Tilehnoee M. Simulation of a control rod ejection accident in a VVER-1000/V446 using RELAP5/Mod3.2. ANN NUCL ENERGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anucene.2012.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Shekarrizfard M, Karimi-Jashni A, Hadad K. Wavelet transform-based artificial neural networks (WT-ANN) in PM10 pollution level estimation, based on circular variables. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2012; 19:256-268. [PMID: 21735159 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-011-0554-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this paper, a novel method in the estimation and prediction of PM(10) is introduced using wavelet transform-based artificial neural networks (WT-ANN). DISCUSSION First, the application of wavelet transform, selected for its temporal shift properties and multiresolution analysis characteristics enabling it to reduce disturbing perturbations in input training set data, is presented. Afterward, the circular statistical indices which are used in this method are formally introduced in order to investigate the relation between PM(10) levels and circular meteorological variables. Then, the results of the simulation of PM(10) based on WT-ANN by use of MATLAB software are discussed. The results of the above-mentioned simulation show an enhanced accuracy and speed in PM(10) estimation/prediction and a high degree of robustness compared with traditional ANN models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Shekarrizfard
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
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Hadad K, Ramzanzadeh A, Hamilton R, Watchman C. SU-E-T-587: A CT Based Monte Carlo Dosimetry for Post Implant LDR Brachytherapy. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3612549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Baradaran-Ghahfarokhi M, Mosleh-Shirazi M, Faghihi R, Hadad K, Bagheri M, Naghshnezhad Z, Meigooni A. SU-E-T-393: A Novel 4D Dosimetric Characterization of a Common 103-Pd Brachytherapy Source with Mobile Internal Components. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3612347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Hadad K, Moshkriz M, Nedaie H. SU-E-T-703: An Artificial Neural Network Treatment Planning System Based on Monte Carlo Calculation for VARIAN 2100C LINAC. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3612665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Mosleh-Shirazi MA, Faghihi R, Hadad K, Mosallaei A, Zeinali B, Karbasi S. SU-E-T-674: Development and Validation of a Monte Carlo Model of a Kilovoltage X-Ray Therapy Unit for Chest Wall Irradiation. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3612636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Mahani H, Mosleh-Shirazi MA, Faghihi R, Hadad K, Boostani R. SU-E-T-614: An Optimization Algorithm for Beam Angle, Beam Weight and Wedge Angle in Forward Treatment Planning of External-Beam Radiotherapy Based on an Integer-Representation Adaptive Mutation Probability Genetic Algorithm. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3612577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Mosleh-Shirazi M, Faghihi R, Bagheri M, Hadad K, Baradaran-Ghahfarokh M. SU-E-T-288: A Finite-Element Model to Predict Prostate Displacement and Deformation Due to Bladder Filling, Rectal Distension and Patient Posture during Prostate Brachytherapy. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3612239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Abstract
Weekly average suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentrations were measured in four locations in Shiraz, Iran. Sampling was carried out from July 1999 and continued until July 2000. Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) methods were employed to obtain the weekly concentrations of Pb, Br, V, Ca, Al, Fe, Cu, Cr, Mn, Sc and Zn. The mean annual concentrations (in microg/m(3)) of 11 elements were found to be: Pb 0.545 (+/- 33.8%), Br 0.413 (+/- 34.1%), V 0.009 (+/- 28.2%), Ca 13.36 (+/- 24.5%), Al 2.56 (+/- 46.3%), Fe 2.62 (+/- 38.7%), Cu 0.122 (+/- 41.4%), Cr 0.015 (+/- 35.8%), Mn 0.053 (+/- 35.5%), Sc 0.0008 (+/- 37.5%) and Zn 0.085 (+/- 25.2%). The results of the study show that vehicle (traffic) pollution in Shiraz is higher than WHO and EPA standards and natural and industrial pollution is exceeding international guidelines in some seasons. The findings of the study confirm that the nearby cement factory has a major pollution impact on Shiraz air.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hadad
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71345, Iran.
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Joubert GI, Hadad K, Matsui D, Gloor J, Rieder MJ. Selection of treatment of cefaclor-associated urticarial, serum sickness-like reactions and erythema multiforme by emergency pediatricians: lack of a uniform standard of care. Can J Clin Pharmacol 2000; 6:197-201. [PMID: 10601753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum sickness-like reactions (SSLR) and erythema multiforme are common adverse effects of cefaclor therapy and can be associated with significant morbidity. No standardized evidence-based protocol for the optimal treatment of drug-induced SSLR exists. OBJECTIVES To define the standard of care used by physicians treating adverse reactions associated with cefaclor. METHODS A retrospective review of the medical records of children discharged from a pediatric emergency room with a diagnosis of adverse events to cefaclor was conducted. Charts of patients were reviewed to determine which therapy was prescribed. RESULTS During the study period, 74 cases of adverse events attributed to cefaclor presented to the emergency department. SSLR were the most common pattern of adverse events seen (31 cases, 42%), followed by urticarial reactions (26 cases, 35%) and erythema multiforme (17 cases, 23%). An antihistamine was the treatment most often prescribed (88%) for erythema multiforme. Significantly more children with SSLR than with erythema multiforme or urticaria were treated with prednisone, either alone or in combination (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The treatment most often prescribed for serious cefaclor-associated erythema multiforme was an antihistamine. In the case of SSLR, an antihistamine and prednisone were most commonly used. Prospective randomized, controlled trials are needed to define the role of various therapeutic agents and to determine the optimal therapy for SSLR and other serious adverse drug reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G I Joubert
- Children's Hospital of Western Ontario, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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