1
|
Raidal SL, Hughes KJ, Eastwell B, Noble N, Lievaart J. Prevalence and performance effects of neonatal disease in Thoroughbred and Standardbred foals in South-Eastern Australia. Aust Vet J 2021; 99:152-162. [PMID: 33624285 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is little information on foal mortality and the epidemiology of diseases in the neonatal period in Australian equine breeding enterprises. METHODOLOGY This was a prospective cohort study of 1219 foals on 15 breeding farms in south-eastern Australia to identify the proportion of foals recognised on farm as abnormal at birth or within the first 48 h postpartum, determine the prevalence and risk factors for neonatal disease and assess the subsequent performance of foals in the study population. RESULTS Overall, 27 foals died within 6 weeks of birth in the study population (2.2%), 142 foals (11.6%) were reported as abnormal at birth, and 304 (25.3%) were regarded as abnormal in the first 48 h postpartum. Non-septic orthopaedic disease (NSOD) was the most common abnormality recognised. Premature foals and foals born after dystocia or abnormal parturition were more likely to have clinical abnormalities recognised, but the intensity of nursing care did not predict outcome. Prophylactic administration of antimicrobial drugs was associated with increased mortality and septic disease. Maternal periparturient problems, foal gender, abnormality at birth and the presence of septic disease or neonatal maladjustment were associated with decreased performance outcomes, whereas measures to assess and augment passive immune transfer were associated with improved athletic performance. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Information in the current study is important for the treatment and management decisions on farm and to identify industry welfare and production priorities. Although the incidence of all outcome variables was variable, factors recognised on farm in the peri-parturient period were predictive of subsequent athletic performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S L Raidal
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, 2650, Australia
| | - K J Hughes
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, 2650, Australia
| | - B Eastwell
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, 2650, Australia
| | - N Noble
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, 2650, Australia
| | - J Lievaart
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, 2650, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gough SL, Labens R, Quinn C, Hughes KJ, Slack‐Smith V, Hilbert BJ. Caeco‐caecal and caeco‐colic intussusception in two half‐sibling Standardbred horses. EQUINE VET EDUC 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. L. Gough
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Charles Sturt University Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
| | - R. Labens
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Charles Sturt University Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
| | - C. Quinn
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Charles Sturt University Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
| | - K. J. Hughes
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Charles Sturt University Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
| | - V. Slack‐Smith
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Charles Sturt University Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
| | - B. J. Hilbert
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Charles Sturt University Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gough SL, Carrick J, Raidal SL, Keane S, Collins N, Cudmore L, Russell CM, Raidal S, Hughes KJ. Chlamydia psittaci infection as a cause of respiratory disease in neonatal foals. Equine Vet J 2019; 52:244-249. [PMID: 31436332 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During 2016-2018, 15 critically ill neonatal foals with acute respiratory distress associated with Chlamydia psittaci infection were presented to three referral hospitals in New South Wales. Chlamydia psittaci has not previously been associated with the development of neonatal respiratory disease. OBJECTIVES To investigate and describe the clinical features and outcome of C. psittaci infection in neonatal foals. STUDY DESIGN Multicentre retrospective case series. METHODS The clinical, clinicopathological, necropsy and histological features of 15 foals with confirmed C. psittaci infection were reviewed and reported. RESULTS Thirteen foals with C. psittaci infection died or were subjected to euthanasia within 36 h of hospitalisation and two foals survived to discharge. Findings during post-mortem examination of nonsurviving foals included bronchopneumonia, pulmonary congestion, hepatic congestion and hepatic inflammation. Detection of C. psittaci was achieved using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of swabs of nasal secretions (4/6) and rectal mucosa (5/7) from live foals, lung tissues of foals at necropsy (11/14) and foetal membranes (4/5). MAIN LIMITATIONS Small numbers of confirmed cases of neonatal C. psittaci infection and inconsistent sampling methods. CONCLUSIONS Chlamydia psittaci should be considered a differential diagnosis for neonatal foals with signs of severe systemic disease, including equine neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome (EqNARDS). Chlamydia psittaci is a zoonotic pathogen and a personal protective equipment (PPE) should be worn for the management of foals with suspected or confirmed infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S L Gough
- Veterinary Clinical Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J Carrick
- Equine Specialist Consulting, Scone, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S L Raidal
- Veterinary Clinical Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S Keane
- Dartbrook Equine Clinic, Scone, New South Wales, Australia
| | - N Collins
- Clovelly Intensive Care Unit, Scone Equine Hospital, Scone, New South Wales, Australia
| | - L Cudmore
- Clovelly Intensive Care Unit, Scone Equine Hospital, Scone, New South Wales, Australia
| | - C M Russell
- Clovelly Intensive Care Unit, Scone Equine Hospital, Scone, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S Raidal
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - K J Hughes
- Veterinary Clinical Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wilkes EJA, Woodgate RG, Raidal SL, Hughes KJ. The application of faecal egg count results and statistical inference for clinical decision making in foals. Vet Parasitol 2019; 270:7-12. [PMID: 31213242 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of variability in Parascaris spp. and strongyle faecal egg counts (FEC) from foals on treatment decision-making and detection of a patent infection. A single faecal sample was collected once daily for three days from 53 foals and a FEC was performed on three separate portions of each sample (total of nine egg counts per foal). Differences in the decision to administer an anthelmintic using the results of a single count (C1), the mean of three (X¯1-3) or nine counts (X¯1-9) and the upper 5% confidence limit of the gamma confidence interval (CI) of the estimate of the distribution mean (μ) from three (UCL1-3) and nine counts (UCL1-9) were determined for a range of egg count thresholds. The UCL1-9 was used as the best estimate of μ, hypothesis testing for treatment and the comparison of treatment decision-making using C1, X¯1-3, X¯1-9 and UCL1-3. The results of this study demonstrated that a point estimate (C1 or X¯1-3) was of limited value for estimating the distribution mean of egg counts in faeces and there was overall poor agreement in treatment decision-making for individual foals using C1 compared with UCL1-9. Of the foals with C1 of zero eggs per gram, 54% and 47% had Parascaris and strongyle eggs in subsequent counts, respectively. The egg density in faeces is inhomogeneous, resulting in considerable variability in egg count results for an individual foal: between faecal piles, different portions of a faecal pile and days. The use of the negative binomial distribution CI for μ takes this variability into account and is recommended for use when interpreting FEC data from horses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E J A Wilkes
- School of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2678, Australia.
| | - R G Woodgate
- School of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2678, Australia
| | - S L Raidal
- School of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2678, Australia
| | - K J Hughes
- School of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2678, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Affiliation(s)
- S. du Preez
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences; Charles Sturt University; Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
| | - K. J. Hughes
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences; Charles Sturt University; Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
du Preez S, Raidal SL, Doran GS, Prescott M, Hughes KJ. Exhaled breath condensate hydrogen peroxide, pH and leukotriene B 4 are associated with lower airway inflammation and airway cytology in the horse. Equine Vet J 2018; 51:24-32. [PMID: 29917256 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) analysis is a noninvasive method to assess the lower respiratory tract. In human subjects, EBC hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), pH and leukotriene B4 (LTB4 ) are useful for detection and monitoring of inflammatory lung diseases, including asthma. OBJECTIVES To determine associations between EBC biomarkers and cytological and endoscopic definitions of lower airway inflammation (LAI) while controlling for sampling and environmental variables. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, cross-sectional study. METHODS Clinical, endoscopic and airway cytological findings from 47 horses were compared with EBC pH and concentrations of H2 O2 and LTB4 by univariate and multivariable analyses. Dichotomous (presence/absence of airway inflammation) and continuous outcome variables (differential cell counts in tracheal aspirate and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, BALF) were evaluated and potential effects of collection and methodological factors were included. RESULTS EBC pH and H2 O2 concentrations were higher in horses with LAI and both were positively associated with the percentage of neutrophils in BALF (P<0.05). Mast cell percentage in BALF was negatively associated with EBC pH, and BALF eosinophil percentage was positively associated with EBC LTB4 (P<0.05). Ambient temperature, relative humidity and assay methodology significantly impacted some analytes. MAIN LIMITATIONS LAI is challenging to categorise due to a variety of clinical and cytological phenotypes. Although the study was designed to overcome this limitation, numbers of horses were small in some categories. CONCLUSIONS EBC pH and H2 O2 concentrations are altered by airway inflammation, suggesting a role for these biomarkers in the diagnosis and monitoring of airway disease. Environmental and methodological factors can influence these biomarkers and should be considered in the interpretation of results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S du Preez
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S L Raidal
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - G S Doran
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M Prescott
- Quantitative Consulting Unit, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - K J Hughes
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Secombe CJ, Bailey SR, de Laat MA, Hughes KJ, Stewart AJ, Sonis JM, Tan RHH. Equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction: current understanding and recommendations from the Australian and New Zealand Equine Endocrine Group. Aust Vet J 2018; 96:233-242. [DOI: 10.1111/avj.12716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- CJ Secombe
- College of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences; Murdoch University; Murdoch Western Australia Australia
| | - SR Bailey
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences; The University of Melbourne; Werribee VIC Australia
| | - MA de Laat
- Science and Engineering Faculty; Queensland University of Technology; Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - KJ Hughes
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences; Charles Sturt University; Wagga Wagga NSW Australia
| | - AJ Stewart
- Equine Specialist Hospital, School of Veterinary Science; The University of Queensland; Gatton QLD Australia
| | - JM Sonis
- Veterinary Associates Equine and Farm, Karaka; Auckland New Zealand
| | - RHH Tan
- Samford Valley Veterinary Hospital; Samford, QLD Australia
- Discipline of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences; James Cook University; Townsville QLD Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Affiliation(s)
- S. du Preez
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences; Charles Sturt University; Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
| | - G. D. Trope
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences; Charles Sturt University; Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
| | - C. Owens
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences; Charles Sturt University; Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
| | - K. J. Hughes
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences; Charles Sturt University; Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Owens CD, Hughes KJ, Hilbert BJ, Heller J, Nielsen S, Trope GD. Survey of equine castration techniques, preferences and outcomes among Australian veterinarians. Aust Vet J 2017; 96:39-45. [DOI: 10.1111/avj.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- CD Owens
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences; Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga; New South Wales Australia
| | - KJ Hughes
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences; Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga; New South Wales Australia
| | - BJ Hilbert
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences; Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga; New South Wales Australia
| | - J Heller
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences; Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga; New South Wales Australia
| | - S Nielsen
- Quantitative Consulting Unit, Research Office; Charles Sturt University; Wagga Wagga NSW Australia
| | - GD Trope
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences; Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga; New South Wales Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hughes KJ. Equine fluid therapy. CL Langdon and KG Magdesian (editors). John Wiley & Sons, USA, 2015. 370 pages. Price A$178.95. ISBN 9780470961384. Aust Vet J 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/avj.12535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
11
|
Hughes KJ. Equine pharmacology. C Cole, B Bentz and L Maxwell (editors). Wiley Blackwell, 2015. 320 pages. Price A$142.29. ISBN 9780813822624. Aust Vet J 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/avj.12476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
12
|
Wilkes EJA, McConaghy FF, Thompson RL, Dawson K, Sangster NC, Hughes KJ. Efficacy of a morantel-abamectin combination for the treatment of resistant ascarids in foals. Aust Vet J 2017; 95:85-88. [DOI: 10.1111/avj.12559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- EJA Wilkes
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences; Charles Sturt University; Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
| | - FF McConaghy
- Ceva Animal Health Pty Ltd; Glenorie NSW Australia
| | - RL Thompson
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences; Charles Sturt University; Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
| | - K Dawson
- Dawbuts Pty Ltd; Camden NSW Australia
| | - NC Sangster
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences; Charles Sturt University; Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
| | - KJ Hughes
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences; Charles Sturt University; Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Burnheim K, Hughes KJ, Evans DL, Raidal SL. Reliability of breath by breath spirometry and relative flow-time indices for pulmonary function testing in horses. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:268. [PMID: 27894292 PMCID: PMC5126818 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0893-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Respiratory problems are common in horses, and are often diagnosed as a cause of poor athletic performance. Reliable, accurate and sensitive spirometric tests of airway function in resting horses would assist with the diagnosis of limitations to breathing and facilitate investigations of the effects of various treatments on breathing capacity. The evaluation of respiratory function in horses is challenging and suitable procedures are not widely available to equine practitioners. The determination of relative flow or flow-time measures is used in paediatric patients where compliance may limit conventional pulmonary function techniques. The aim of the current study was to characterise absolute and relative indices of respiratory function in healthy horses during eupnoea (tidal breathing) and carbon dioxide (CO2)-induced hyperpnoea (rebreathing) using a modified mask pneumotrachographic technique well suited to equine practice, and to evaluate the reliability of this technique over three consecutive days. Coefficients of variation, intra-class correlations, mean differences and 95% confidence intervals across all days of testing were established for each parameter. Results The technique provided absolute measures of respiratory function (respiratory rate, tidal volume, peak inspiratory and expiratory flows, time to peak flow) consistent with previous studies and there was no significant effect of day on any measure of respiratory function. Variability of measurements was decreased during hyperpnea caused by rebreathing CO2, but a number of relative flow-time variables demonstrated good agreement during eupnoeic respiration. Conclusions The technique was well tolerated by horses and study findings suggest the technique is suitable for evaluation of respiratory function in horses. The use of relative flow-time variables provided reproducible (consistent) results, suggesting the technique may be of use for repeated measures studies in horses during tidal breathing or rebreathing. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-016-0893-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Burnheim
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, 2650, NSW, Australia
| | - K J Hughes
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, 2650, NSW, Australia
| | - D L Evans
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, 2650, NSW, Australia
| | - S L Raidal
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, 2650, NSW, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wilson CS, Brookes VJ, Hughes KJ, Trope GD, Ip H, Gunn AJ. Oesophageal lumen pH in yearling horses and effects of management and administration of omeprazole. Equine Vet J 2016; 49:389-394. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.12608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. S. Wilson
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences; Faculty of Science; Charles Sturt University; Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
| | - V. J. Brookes
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences; Faculty of Science; Charles Sturt University; Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation; Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
| | - K. J. Hughes
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences; Faculty of Science; Charles Sturt University; Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
| | - G. D. Trope
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences; Faculty of Science; Charles Sturt University; Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
| | - H. Ip
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences; Faculty of Science; Charles Sturt University; Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
| | - A. J. Gunn
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences; Faculty of Science; Charles Sturt University; Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation; Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hughes KJ, Rendle DI, Higgins S, Barron R, Cowling A, Love S, Durham AE. Effect of storage time and temperature on the results of analysis of synovial and mesothelial fluids. Equine Vet J 2016; 49:232-237. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.12587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. J. Hughes
- Weipers Centre for Equine Welfare School of Veterinary Medicine College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow UK
| | - D. I. Rendle
- Weipers Centre for Equine Welfare School of Veterinary Medicine College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow UK
- The Liphook Equine Hospital Hampshire UK
| | - S. Higgins
- Weipers Centre for Equine Welfare School of Veterinary Medicine College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow UK
| | - R. Barron
- Veterinary Diagnostic Services School of Veterinary Medicine College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow UK
| | - A. Cowling
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Charles Sturt University Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
| | - S. Love
- Weipers Centre for Equine Welfare School of Veterinary Medicine College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hughes KJ, Laidlaw EH, Reed SM, Keen J, Abbott JB, Trevail T, Hammond G, Parkin TDH, Love S. Repeatability and intra- and inter-observer agreement of cervical vertebral sagittal diameter ratios in horses with neurological disease. J Vet Intern Med 2016; 28:1860-70. [PMID: 25410955 PMCID: PMC4895627 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sagittal ratio values (SRVs) of cervical vertebrae are used for ante-mortem diagnosis of cervical vertebral stenotic myelopathy, but intraobserver and interobserver variability in measurement may influence radiographic interpretation of vertebral stenosis in horses with neurological disease. OBJECTIVES To determine intraobserver repeatability in SRVs, intra- and interobserver agreement in SRVs and whether or not agreement was influenced by animal age. ANIMALS Forty-two horses (>1 year old) with neurological disease from which laterolateral computed radiographic images of C2-C7 were obtained. METHODS Four observers made measurements from C2 to C7 for each horse and interobserver agreement for intra- and intervertebral SRVs was determined using Bland-Altman analysis (acceptable agreement: limits of agreement [LOA] ≤ 0.05) on all horses and those ≤3 (n = 25) and >3 (n = 17) years old. Each observer also made repeated measurements for 10 horses and intraobserver repeatability and agreement were determined. RESULTS Adequate intraobserver repeatability was achieved for 6 sites. Within observers, paired measurements had a median difference ≤5.7%, but a large range in differences often occurred, most frequently at intervertebral sites. For C5, C6, C7, and C3-4, LOA ≤ 0.05 were achieved by at least 1 observer. With the exception of C5 for 1 pair, LOA were >0.05 for interobserver agreement, regardless of animal age. LOA were largest at intervertebral sites. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Within and between observers, measurement error may limit the diagnostic accuracy of SRVs and result in discrepancies of diagnosis and treatment and warrants consideration when used clinically in horses with neurological disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K J Hughes
- Weipers Centre for Equine Welfare, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hughes KJ. Peri-anaesthetic complications in an equine referral hospital: Risk factors for post anaesthetic colic. Equine Vet J 2016; 48:394. [PMID: 27062524 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K J Hughes
- Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wilkes EJA, Hughes KJ, Kessell AE, Raidal SL. Successful management of multiple extrapulmonary complications associated withRhodococcus equipneumonia in a foal. EQUINE VET EDUC 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. J. A. Wilkes
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences; Charles Sturt University; Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
| | - K. J. Hughes
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences; Charles Sturt University; Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
| | - A. E. Kessell
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences; Charles Sturt University; Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
| | - S. L. Raidal
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences; Charles Sturt University; Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Rendle DI, Litchfield E, Gough S, Cowling A, Hughes KJ. The effects of sample handling and N-phenylmaleimide on concentration of adrenocorticotrophic hormone in equine plasma. Equine Vet J 2014; 47:587-91. [PMID: 24980684 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Previous reports suggest that adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) degrades rapidly, limiting its use as a diagnostic test. OBJECTIVES This study quantified effects of processing delays on ACTH concentrations and investigated the addition of N-phenylmaleimide (maleimide), a protease inhibitor, as a means of reducing ACTH degradation. STUDY DESIGN Experimental study. METHODS Venous blood was collected from 8 healthy horses and 8 horses with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) with a range of ACTH concentrations. Baseline ACTH concentrations were established immediately using a chemiluminescent assay. Plasma samples were then: 1) centrifuged immediately, 2) centrifuged immediately with the addition of maleimide, or 3) allowed to separate by gravity followed by the addition of maleimide, before all samples were stored at 22°C and analysed at 4, 8, 24 and 48 h post collection. A linear mixed effects model and Bland-Altman analyses were performed. Significance was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS No significant effect of plasma treatment (P = 0.1) on change in ACTH concentration was identified. However, significant effects of horse health status (P < 0.001) and time (P < 0.001) on change in ACTH concentration were identified. No significant interactions were found. Significant decreases in ACTH concentration occurred in horses with PPID between 4 and 8 h after blood collection. In non-PPID horses, the decrease in ACTH concentration over time was not significant. Agreement with baseline values decreased over time and was greater for non-PPID horses than for PPID horses. CONCLUSIONS Clinically useful results are still obtained if ACTH concentration is measured up to 48 h after sample collection. Allowing samples to separate by gravity rather than centrifugation did not have a significant effect on ACTH concentration, and the addition of maleimide was of no benefit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D I Rendle
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - E Litchfield
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S Gough
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - A Cowling
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - K J Hughes
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Agbonghae EO, Hughes KJ, Ingham DB, Ma L, Pourkashanian M. Optimal Process Design of Commercial-Scale Amine-Based CO2 Capture Plants. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie5023767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. O. Agbonghae
- Energy
Technology and Innovation
Initiative, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - K. J. Hughes
- Energy
Technology and Innovation
Initiative, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - D. B. Ingham
- Energy
Technology and Innovation
Initiative, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - L. Ma
- Energy
Technology and Innovation
Initiative, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - M. Pourkashanian
- Energy
Technology and Innovation
Initiative, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Affiliation(s)
- SK Armstrong
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences; Charles Sturt University; Locked Bag 588 Wagga Wagga New South Wales 2678 Australia
| | - SL Raidal
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences; Charles Sturt University; Locked Bag 588 Wagga Wagga New South Wales 2678 Australia
| | - KJ Hughes
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences; Charles Sturt University; Locked Bag 588 Wagga Wagga New South Wales 2678 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cottle HJ, Hughes KJ, Thompson H, Johnston PEJ, Philbey AW. Primary hyperparathyroidism in a 17-year-old Arab × Welsh Cob pony mare with a functional parathyroid adenoma. EQUINE VET EDUC 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. J. Cottle
- Southern Veterinary Centre; Invercargill New Zealand
| | - K. J. Hughes
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences; Charles Sturt University; Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
| | | | | | - A. W. Philbey
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies; University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh UK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hughes KJ, Brindley J, McIntosh AC. Initiation and propagation of combustion waves with competitive reactions and water evaporation. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2013.0506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We use a one-dimensional model to present numerical and analytical results on the propagation of combustion waves, driven by competing exothermic and endothermic chemical reactions in parallel with water evaporation. The research was motivated by the phenomenology of emulsion explosives comprising a mixture of fuel and an ammonium nitrate (AN)–water solution. An extensive programme of computational modelling has covered a range of important physical influences, particularly the water fraction and the ambient pressure, on which the endothermic effect of evaporation is critically dependent. A substantial, and not immediately obvious, influence of the evaporation, through its effect on the temperature, is on the fraction of the AN consumed, respectively, by the competing exo- and endothermic reactions, which are controlled by differing, temperature-sensitive kinetics. Self-sustaining travelling combustion waves are initiated for a wide range of parameter values. They are usually oscillatory, regular for small water content and become highly irregular, sometimes causing extinction for larger water content. The numerics are complemented by a brief theoretical analysis, which throws light on the complex and subtle interplay of the two chemical reactions and the evaporation, expressed in the form of a highly convoluted integral over the whole time and space extent of the process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K. J. Hughes
- Energy Technology and Innovation Initiative, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - J. Brindley
- School of Mathematics, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - A. C. McIntosh
- Energy Technology and Innovation Initiative, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Rendle DI, Litchfield E, Heller J, Hughes KJ. Investigation of rhythms of secretion and repeatability of plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone concentrations in healthy horses and horses with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction. Equine Vet J 2013; 46:113-7. [PMID: 23742059 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY There is little published information on whether measurement of plasma ACTH concentration at a single timepoint is a repeatable indicator of pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID). OBJECTIVES To determine whether ultradian or circadian fluctuations in ACTH production influence plasma ACTH concentration in normal horses and horses with PPID. STUDY DESIGN Prospective observational study. METHODS Plasma ACTH concentration in 8 non-PPID horses and 8 horses with PPID was measured at 08.00, 11.00, 14.00 and 17.00 h on 5 nonconsecutive days within a 3 week period. In addition, at 08.30 h on one day, 6 samples were collected from each horse at precisely 5 min intervals over a period of 25 min. Descriptive and graphical analysis was performed and a linear mixed effects model was fitted to assess the effect of time of day on ACTH concentration in non-PPID and PPID horses. RESULTS Evidence of ultradian fluctuation in ACTH production was not identified in either non-PPID or PPID horses. Evidence for circadian fluctuation was identified in non-PPID horses; plasma ACTH concentrations were highest at 08.00 h and decreased through the day. There was no evidence of circadian fluctuation in PPID horses. In non-PPID horses, the magnitude of circadian changes in ACTH concentration was smaller than variations in concentration that occurred at random. Intrahorse variability of ACTH concentration was greater in PPID horses than in non-PPID horses. CONCLUSIONS Ultradian and circadian fluctuations in ACTH concentration are unlikely to influence clinical decision making; however, variations of potential clinical relevance do occur in individual horses, for reasons that remain to be determined, and increase in magnitude with progression of PPID. Results of the current study indicate that when an ACTH concentration between 19 and 40 pg/ml is measured, further testing should be considered to increase the accuracy of PPID diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D I Rendle
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Rendle DI, Rutledge F, Hughes KJ, Heller J, Durham AE. Effects of metformin hydrochloride on blood glucose and insulin responses to oral dextrose in horses. Equine Vet J 2013; 45:751-4. [PMID: 23600690 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Metformin is a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of insulin resistance (IR). In laboratory animals, orally administered metformin reduces intestinal glucose absorption and may therefore affect insulinaemic responses to oral carbohydrate ingestion. OBJECTIVES To determine whether pretreatment with metformin reduces plasma glucose concentration and insulin responses following consumption of dextrose in horses. STUDY DESIGN Therapeutic cross-over study. METHODS Seven healthy Standardbred and Thoroughbred geldings were subjected to an oral dextrose challenge test on 4 occasions: with and without metformin, before and after induction of IR with dexamethasone. Metformin was administered by nasogastric tube at 30 mg/kg bwt 1 h before administration of dextrose. Glucose and insulin concentrations in plasma/serum were measured at regular intervals during each test. Linear mixed models were specified for each predetermined outcome variable, and for each model the 'treatment' was included as a fixed effect with 4 categorical levels (none, metformin, dexamethasone and dexamethasone with metformin) and horse accounted for as a random effect. RESULTS In healthy horses, the administration of metformin resulted in a statistically significant reduction in peak glucose concentration (P = 0.002), area under the glucose curve (P<0.001) and insulin concentration 120 min after dextrose administration (P = 0.011). Following the induction of IR, administration of metformin was associated with significant differences in peak glucose concentration (P<0.001), the percentage increase in glucose concentration (P = 0.010), the area under the glucose curve (P<0.001) and insulin concentration at 120 min (P = 0.034) and 150 min after dextrose administration (P = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS Metformin resulted in reduced glycaemic and insulinaemic responses both in healthy horses and in horses with experimentally induced IR. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE Metformin may benefit horses with naturally acquired IR by reducing glycaemic and insulinaemic responses to dietary nonstructural carbohydrates. Further investigations into the mechanisms of action of metformin in horses and controlled clinical trials are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D I Rendle
- The Liphook Equine Hospital, Liphook, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Anggono W, Wardana ING, Lawes M, Hughes KJ, Wahyudi S, Hamidi N, Hayakawa A. Biogas Laminar Burning Velocity and Flammability Characteristics in Spark Ignited Premix Combustion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/423/1/012015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
27
|
Rendle DI, Hughes KJ. Resolution of hyphaema following intracameral injection of tenecteplase in a Stock Horse. Aust Vet J 2013; 91:31-4. [PMID: 23356369 DOI: 10.1111/avj.12003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Intracameral injection of tissue plasminogen activator has been suggested as a means of hastening the clearance of blood from the anterior chamber and reducing the risk of synechia and fibrotic membrane formation in horses with hyphaema. The following report describes a case of ocular trauma in which intracameral injection of tenecteplase (TNK), a new-generation plasminogen activator, resulted in rapid resolution of hyphaema and successful outcome. However, a large dose (1 mg) was administered and may have been associated with retinopathy and keratopathy. TNK may be an effective treatment for equine hyphaema and further controlled clinical or experimental studies are required to determine its efficacy and safety profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D I Rendle
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
A 6-year-old Standardbred mare that presented with bilateral palpebral swelling and a left corneal ulcer was diagnosed with a multicentric T-cell lymphoma. Other clinical findings included submandibular lymphadenopathy and oedema, pharyngeal oedema and rhinitis. Prior to euthanasia the horse developed keratomalacia, the onset of which was coincidental with the use of high doses of topical and systemic corticosteroids. Although an unusual presentation, palpebral swelling should be considered as a clinical sign of lymphoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D I Rendle
- Veterinary Clinical Centre, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Rendle DI, Armstrong SK, Hughes KJ. Combination fibrinolytic therapy in the treatment of chronic septic pleuropneumonia in a Thoroughbred gelding. Aust Vet J 2012; 90:358-62. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2012.00962.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- DI Rendle
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences; Charles Sturt University; Locked Bag 588; Wagga Wagga; New South Wales; Australia
| | - SK Armstrong
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences; Charles Sturt University; Locked Bag 588; Wagga Wagga; New South Wales; Australia
| | - KJ Hughes
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences; Charles Sturt University; Locked Bag 588; Wagga Wagga; New South Wales; Australia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
|
31
|
Cathcart MP, Love S, Hughes KJ. The application of exhaled breath gas and exhaled breath condensate analysis in the investigation of the lower respiratory tract in veterinary medicine: A review. Vet J 2011; 191:282-91. [PMID: 21908213 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2011.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Revised: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of biomarkers in exhaled breath (EB) and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) may allow non-invasive and repeatable assessment of respiratory health and disease in mammals. Compared to human medicine, however, research data from EB and EBC analysis in veterinary medicine are limited and more patient variables influencing concentrations of EB/EBC analytes may be present. In addition, variations in methodologies between studies may influence results. A comparison of the approaches used in veterinary research by different groups may aid in the identification of potentially reliable and repeatable biomarkers suitable for further investigation. To date, changes in acid-base status and increased concentrations of inflammatory mediators have been the main findings in studies of pulmonary disease states in animals. Whilst these biomarkers are unlikely to represent specific and sensitive diagnostic parameters, they do have potential application in monitoring disease progression and treatment response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M P Cathcart
- Weipers Centre for Equine Welfare, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow G611QH, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Desai TV, Hong S, Woll AR, Hughes KJ, Kaushik AP, Clancy P, Engstrom JR. Hyperthermal organic thin film growth on surfaces terminated with self-assembled monolayers. I. The dynamics of trapping. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:224702. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3591965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
|
33
|
Durham AE, Hughes KJ, Cottle HJ, Rendle DI, Boston RC. Type 2 diabetes mellitus with pancreatic beta cell dysfunction in 3 horses confirmed with minimal model analysis. Equine Vet J 2010; 41:924-9. [PMID: 20383993 DOI: 10.2746/042516409x452152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is diagnosed rarely in equine practice although it may be under-recognised. A greater awareness of the condition and therapeutic considerations would be to the benefit of such cases presenting in practice. More investigation into the pharmacological management of these cases is needed. OBJECTIVES Three cases of diabetes mellitus were investigated using a specific test for insulin sensitivity and pancreatic beta cell function in order to define accurately and characterise the existence of T2DM in all 3 subjects. METHODS The insulin-modified frequently sampled i.v. glucose tolerance test was performed in each case and the data so obtained were subject to minimal model analysis of insulin-glucose dynamics. Cases were then monitored following treatment using a combination of dietary modification, metformin, glibenclamide and pergolide. RESULTS Marked insulin resistance was identified in each case and, furthermore, severe pancreatic beta cell dysfunction was present therefore classifying each case as end stage T2DM. Treatment was nevertheless associated with restoration of normoglycaemia in all cases. CONCLUSIONS T2DM in horses may be more common than generally considered.In some cases individuals may respond to therapy aimed at restoring insulin sensitivity and pancreatic function. Drugs used in other species for the treatment of T2DM have not yet been adequately tested in horses. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE T2DM should be considered as an important differential diagnosis in mature to elderly horses and ponies suffering from weight loss, polydipsia and polyuria. Clinicians should be encouraged to offer treatment and management advice when such cases are encountered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A E Durham
- The Liphook Equine Hospital, Forest Mere, Liphook, Hampshire GU30 7JG, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Oswald J, Love S, Parkin TDH, Hughes KJ. Prevalence of cervical vertebral stenotic myelopathy in a population of thoroughbred horses. Vet Rec 2010; 166:82-3. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.b4781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Oswald
- Weipers Centre for Equine Welfare; Institute of Comparative Medicine; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Glasgow; Bearsden Road Glasgow G61 1QH
| | - S. Love
- Weipers Centre for Equine Welfare; Institute of Comparative Medicine; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Glasgow; Bearsden Road Glasgow G61 1QH
| | - T. D. H. Parkin
- Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health; Institute of Comparative Medicine; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Glasgow; Bearsden Road Glasgow G61 1QH
| | - K. J. Hughes
- Weipers Centre for Equine Welfare; Institute of Comparative Medicine; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Glasgow; Bearsden Road Glasgow G61 1QH
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences; Charles Stuart University; Locked Bag 588 Wagga Wagga New South Wales 2678 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
|
36
|
Hughes KJ, Hodgson JL, Hodgson DR. Use of fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agents in equine practice. EQUINE VET EDUC 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3292.2002.tb00169.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
37
|
Affiliation(s)
- A G Whittaker
- Weipers Centre of Equine Welfare, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Duz M, Whittaker AG, Love S, Parkin TDH, Hughes KJ. Exhaled breath condensate hydrogen peroxide and pH for the assessment of lower airway inflammation in the horse. Res Vet Sci 2009; 87:307-12. [PMID: 19394059 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2009.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2007] [Revised: 02/23/2009] [Accepted: 03/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Measurement of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) concentration and pH in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is useful for detection and monitoring of asthma in humans. In contrast, limited information on the use of these parameters for the investigation of lower airway inflammation (LAI) is available for horses. Aims of the current study were to investigate the intra- and inter-day variations of EBC H(2)O(2) concentration and pH in horses and establish any relationship(s) with LAI. Both intra- and inter-day variability of EBC H(2)O(2) concentration were large, while those of pH were small. No significant difference in the intra-day or inter-day H(2)O(2) concentrations or pH measurements were found in control or LAI horses, except for inter-day H(2)O(2) concentration in horses with LAI (p=0.019). There was no significant difference in EBC pH or H(2)O(2) concentration between control and LAI horses, however a trend for a reduced pH in horses with LAI was observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Duz
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Weipers Centre for Equine Welfare, Institute of Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Geraghty TE, Love S, Taylor DJ, Heller J, Mellor DJ, Hughes KJ. Assessment of subclinical venous catheter-related diseases in horses and associated risk factors. Vet Rec 2009; 164:227-31. [PMID: 19234323 DOI: 10.1136/vr.164.8.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A total of 102 horses that had a catheter introduced intravenously to facilitate treatment had the catheterised jugular vein and contralateral vein examined by ultrasound every 48 hours. Subclinical complications were defined by thrombus formation or thickening of the venous wall, and the data were analysed to establish risk factors for the development of these complications. The horses with a rectal temperature above 38.5 degrees C when the catheter was introduced were four times more likely to develop complications, than the horses with a lower temperature. The administration of a NSAID while the catheter was in place reduced the risk of complications developing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T E Geraghty
- Division of Companion Animal Science, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Hughes KJ, Burke JHT, Sackett CA. Suspension of atoms using optical pulses, and application to gravimetry. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 102:150403. [PMID: 19518607 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.150403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Atoms from a (87)Rb condensate are suspended against gravity using repeated reflections from a pulsed optical standing wave. Up to 100 reflections are observed, yielding suspension times of over 100 ms. The local gravitational acceleration can be determined from the pulse rate required to achieve suspension. Further, a gravitationally sensitive atom interferometer was implemented using the suspended atoms. This technique could potentially provide a precision measurement of gravity without requiring the atoms to fall a large distance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K J Hughes
- Physics Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Hughes KJ, McGorum BC, Love S, Dixon PM. Bilateral laryngeal paralysis associated with hepatic dysfunction and hepatic encephalopathy in six ponies and four horses. Vet Rec 2009; 164:142-7. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.164.5.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. J. Hughes
- Division of Companion Animal Sciences; University of Glasgow; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Bearsden Road Glasgow G61 1QH
| | - B. C. McGorum
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies; University of Edinburgh; Easter Bush Veterinary Centre; Easter Bush Roslin Midlothian EH25 9RG
| | - S. Love
- Division of Companion Animal Sciences; University of Glasgow; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Bearsden Road Glasgow G61 1QH
| | - P. M. Dixon
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies; University of Edinburgh; Easter Bush Veterinary Centre; Easter Bush Roslin Midlothian EH25 9RG
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Geraghty TE, Love S, Taylor DJ, Heller J, Mellor DJ, Hughes KJ. Assessing techniques for disinfecting sites for inserting intravenous catheters into the jugular veins of horses. Vet Rec 2009; 164:51-5. [PMID: 19136685 DOI: 10.1136/vr.164.2.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The sites of insertion of catheters into the jugular veins of six horses were investigated to determine common isolates and to assess the effectiveness of two disinfection protocols with the hair coat left long, clipped or shaved. Skin commensals (Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Micrococcus species) and environmental contaminants (Bacillus, Enterobacteriaceae, Aspergillus and Mucor species) were the microorganisms most frequently isolated. Chlorhexidine gluconate and povidone-iodine-based skin disinfection protocols resulted in significant reductions in the number of bacterial isolates from clipped sites. With chlorhexidine, there were no significant differences between the reductions observed at sites with the hair coat left long, clipped or shaved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T E Geraghty
- Division of Companion Animal Sciences, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Five horses with sabulous cystitis were managed for up to three years. They were treated by emptying the bladder through a urinary catheter and saline lavage with cytoscopic guidance to remove residual sabulous material. The cystitis was treated with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory medications, and bethanechol chloride was also administered. Frequent catheterisation and emptying of the bladder was an alternative to regular cystoscopic examination with saline lavage but it resulted in the development of a urethral stricture in one case. Four of the horses returned to work and one was retired owing to persistent incontinence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D I Rendle
- Liphook Equine Hospital, Forest Mere, Liphook, Hampshire GU30 7JG
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
A 20-year-old Welsh Mountain Pony (212 kg) mare was initially presented for a chronic cough, fever, weight loss and low grade abdominal pain. She later developed dyspnoea, tachypnoea and exercise intolerance. The presence of multiple masses (up to 17 cm diameter) in the pulmonary parenchyma was established using lateral thoracic radiography and transthoracic ultrasonography. Encapsulated, budding yeasts were observed in smears made from transtracheal washings and needle aspirates of the pulmonary lesions. Cryptococcus gattii (synonym: Cryptococcus neoformans variety gattii; Cryptococcus bacillisporus) was cultured from the transtracheal washings and aspirates of the lung masses. The pony was successfully treated using daily intravenous infusions of amphotericin B (typically 0.5 mg/kg in 1 L 5% dextrose in water over 1 h, following premedication with 50 mg flunixin intravenously) over a 1 month period, until a cumulative dose of 3 g had been administered. Treatment was considered to be successful on the basis of progressive improvement in clinical signs, reduction in the size of pulmonary cryptococcomas, 48 kg weight gain and a reduction in the cryptococcal antigen titre from 4096 to 256, 1 year after cessation of treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L M Begg
- Randwick Equine Centre, PO Box 195, Randwick, New South Wales
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
In equids, chorioptic mange is a common dermatitis for which there are no licensed medications in the uk. Doramectin and fipronil are licensed for the control of ectoparasites in other species and were evaluated for the treatment of 17 cases of chorioptic mange in 13 equids. Equids were included if clinical findings were indicative of chorioptic mange, chorioptes mites were positively identified and concurrent disease that could affect response to disease was not evident. A random number table was used to allocate subjects to receive doramectin (group D, eight animals) or fipronil (group F, nine animals). Each of the horses in group D were given 0.3 mg/kg doramectin (Dectomax; Pfizer) on two occasions 14 days apart by subcutaneous injection. All limbs of the horses in group F were sprayed with fipronil 0.25 per cent solution (Frontline; Merial) to the level of the stifles and elbows. Both groups were examined on the day of treatment and 14 and 28 days later to assess the behavioural signs of pruritus and the severity of the dermatological lesions. Acetate tape impressions were collected from the distal limbs and the degree of mite infestation was assessed. By day 28 there were no behavioural signs of chorioptic mange in any of the animals, and there were significant reductions in the numbers of mites in both groups. However, there were no significant reductions in the mean lesion score in either group. There was no significant difference between the effectiveness of the two treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D I Rendle
- Division of Companion Animal Sciences, University of Glasgow Veterinary School, Bearsden Road, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether percentages of neutrophils in tracheal aspirate (TA) samples collected from racehorses are increased after exercise and whether interpretation of results from TA samples taken before and after exercise agree. DESIGN Case series of 40 young Thoroughbred and Standardbred racehorses in race training presented for evaluation of poor performance. PROCEDURE TA samples were collected endoscopically from racehorses presented for poor performance 24 h before and 1 to 2 h after high speed treadmill exercise testing. Aliquots of the retrieved fluid were cytocentrifuged and smears were stained with Diff-Quik. Mean neutrophil counts were expressed as percentages of the total number of inflammatory cells counted and subsequently were categorised as either above or below an accepted cut-off of 20%. Comparisons between percentages of neutrophils before and after exercise were made. RESULTS Percentage of neutrophils from TA samples obtained from racehorses after exercise was significantly higher than neutrophil percentages from TA samples collected from the same horse before exercise. In horses with TA specimens that were categorised as having < or = 20% neutrophils before treadmill exercise, the percentage of neutrophils in their TA specimens after exercise was, on average, significantly higher and was greater than the cut-off value of 20%. CONCLUSION Recent strenuous exercise may change the proportion of neutrophils in lower airways of racehorses and practitioners should be aware of this when collecting and interpreting the results from TA samples. The most practical time for collection of a TA sample to obtain the most diagnostically useful information might be after a suitable washout period of at least 1 to 2 h post-exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Malikides
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camden NSW 2570, Australia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Affiliation(s)
- S Colgan
- Sally Colgan Equine Consulting P/L, Northbridge NSW 2063, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
A 3-year-old Thoroughbred colt was presented to the University Veterinary Centre Camden for evaluation of ataxia. The horse was anaesthetised to facilitate cervical radiography and myelographic examination of the spinal cord. Recovery from anaesthesia was uneventful. Five days after general anaesthesia the horse re-presented with pleuropneumonia. It was euthanased 24 hours after presentation on humane grounds. Necropsy revealed severe tracheal erosion over the middle third of the ventral surface of the trachea, pleuropneumonia and narrowing of the cervical cord between C4 and C6. It is postulated that extension and flexion of the neck during myelography resulted in movement of the endotracheal tube cuff, causing the tracheal lesion and predisposing the colt to pleuropneumonia. Severe tracheal lesions and pleuropneumonia have not been reported as sequela of equine myelography, and should be considered as possible complications following repeated cervical manipulation during myelography in the horse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J E Rainger
- University Veterinary Centre Camden, Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, 410 Werombi Road, Camden, New South Wales 2570
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hughes KJ, Cheteri MBK, VanEenwyk J. The Relationship Between Patient-Provider Discussions about Prostate Cancer Screening and Screening Behavior in Washington State. Am J Epidemiol 2006. [DOI: 10.1093/aje/163.suppl_11.s112-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
50
|
Affiliation(s)
- K J Hughes
- University Veterinary Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Werombi Road, Camden, New South Wales
| |
Collapse
|