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Potts SB, Brady KM, Scholte CM, Moyes KM, Sunny NE, Erdman RA. Rumen-protected choline and methionine during the periparturient period affect choline metabolites, amino acids, and hepatic expression of genes associated with one-carbon and lipid metabolism. J Dairy Sci 2023:S0022-0302(23)00230-8. [PMID: 37173256 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Feeding supplemental choline and Met during the periparturient period can have positive effects on cow performance; however, the mechanisms by which these nutrients affect performance and metabolism are unclear. The objective of this experiment was to determine if providing rumen-protected choline, rumen-protected Met, or both during the periparturient period modifies the choline metabolitic profile of plasma and milk, plasma AA, and hepatic mRNA expression of genes associated with choline, Met, and lipid metabolism. Cows (25 primiparous, 29 multiparous) were blocked by expected calving date and parity and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: control (no rumen-protected choline or rumen-protected Met); CHO (13 g/d choline ion); MET (9 g/d DL-methionine prepartum; 13.5 g/d DL-methionine, postpartum); or CHO + MET. Treatments were applied daily as a top dress from ~21 d prepartum through 35 d in milk (DIM). On the day of treatment enrollment (d -19 ± 2 relative to calving), blood samples were collected for covariate measurements. At 7 and 14 DIM, samples of blood and milk were collected for analysis of choline metabolites, including 16 species of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and 4 species of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). Blood was also analyzed for AA concentrations. Liver samples collected from multiparous cows on the day of treatment enrollment and at 7 DIM were used for gene expression analysis. There was no consistent effect of CHO or MET on milk or plasma free choline, betaine, sphingomyelin, or glycerophosphocholine. However, CHO increased milk secretion of total LPC irrespective of MET for multiparous cows and in absence of MET for primiparous cows. Furthermore, CHO increased or tended to increase milk secretion of LPC 16:0, LPC 18:1, and LPC 18:0 for primi- and multiparous cows, although the response varied with MET supplementation. Feeding CHO also increased plasma concentrations of LPC 16:0 and LPC 18:1 in absence of MET for multiparous cows. Although milk secretion of total PC was unaffected, CHO and MET increased secretion of 6 and 5 individual PC species for multiparous cows, respectively. Plasma concentrations of total PC and individual PC species were unaffected by CHO or MET for multiparous cows, but MET reduced total PC and 11 PC species during wk 2 postpartum for primiparous cows. Feeding MET consistently increased plasma Met concentrations for both primi- and multiparous cows. Additionally, MET decreased plasma serine concentrations during wk 2 postpartum and increased plasma phenylalanine in absence of CHO for multiparous cows. In absence of MET, CHO tended to increase hepatic mRNA levels of betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase and phosphate cytidylyltransferase 1 choline, α, but tended to decrease expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A synthase 2 and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α irrespective of MET. Although shifts in the milk and plasma PC profile were subtle and inconsistent between primi- and multiparous cows, gene expression results suggest that supplemental choline plays a probable role in promoting the cytidine diphosphate-choline and betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase pathways. However, interactive effects suggest that this response depends on Met availability, which may explain the inconsistent results observed among studies when supplemental choline is fed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Potts
- Western Maryland Research and Education Center, University of Maryland Extension, Keedysville 21756.
| | - K M Brady
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - C M Scholte
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park 20742
| | - K M Moyes
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park 20742
| | - N E Sunny
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park 20742
| | - R A Erdman
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park 20742
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Richards BF, Janovick NA, Moyes KM, Beever DE, Drackley JK. Comparison of prepartum low-energy or high-energy diets with a 2-diet far-off and close-up strategy for multiparous and primiparous cows. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:9067-9080. [PMID: 32828502 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Previous research demonstrated that nutrition during the far-off (early) dry period may be as important to transition success as nutrition during the close-up dry period. Our objectives were to determine if a low-energy, high-fiber diet fed throughout the dry period improved metabolic status and production of dairy cows compared with a higher-energy diet or a 2-diet system, and to compare responses of cows and heifers to those diets. Holstein cows (n = 25 with 10 primiparous per treatment) were assigned to each of 3 diets at 60 d before expected calving. Treatment LO [40.5% wheat straw; 5.6 MJ of net energy for lactation (NEL)/kg of DM] was designed to meet but not exceed National Research Council recommendations for ad libitum intake from dry-off until calving. Treatment HI was a high-energy diet (6.7 MJ of NEL/kg of DM) fed for ad libitum intake from dry-off until calving. For the LO+HI treatment, the LO diet was fed ad libitum from dry-off until 21 d before expected calving, followed by the HI diet until parturition. After parturition all cows were fed a lactation diet (7.0 MJ of NEL/kg of DM) through 63 d postpartum. Dry matter intake and body weight were greater for HI cows prepartum, but not postpartum. When LO+HI cows were switched to the HI diet, their dry matter intake increased to match that of HI cows. Cows fed HI had greater gain of body condition before calving but lost more postpartum. Energy balance postpartum was higher for LO cows than for HI cows. Milk production, protein content, and protein yield did not differ among diets. Milk fat content and yield were highest for HI cows, lowest for LO, and intermediate for LO+HI cows. The HI cows had lower serum nonesterified fatty acids prepartum than either LO or LO+HI, but greater concentrations postpartum. Serum β-hydroxybutyrate did not differ prepartum, but was greater for HI than for LO or LO+HI postpartum. Serum glucose and insulin were lower for LO than HI and LO+HI prepartum; insulin was lower for LO and HI than for LO+HI postpartum. The LO cows had lower liver total lipid concentration postpartum than the HI cows and LO+HI cows. Primiparous cows generally responded to diets the same as multiparous cows. The LO+HI feeding strategy provided no benefit over the LO diet. Moreover, the high-energy diet, even when fed for only 19 d before calving in the LO+HI group, resulted in increased serum β-hydroxybutyrate and liver total lipid concentrations compared with LO.
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Affiliation(s)
- B F Richards
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - N A Janovick
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - K M Moyes
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - D E Beever
- Keenan Systems, Borris, County Carlow, Ireland R95 AY27
| | - J K Drackley
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.
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Potts SB, Scholte CM, Moyes KM, Erdman RA. Production responses to rumen-protected choline and methionine supplemented during the periparturient period differ for primi- and multiparous cows. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:6070-6086. [PMID: 32359982 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to examine production performance responses to feeding rumen-protected choline (RPC) or methionine (RPM), or both, during the periparturient period. Fifty-four Holstein cows (25 primiparous, 29 multiparous) were used in a randomized block design experiment with a 2 × 2 factorial treatment structure. Cows were blocked by expected calving date and parity and assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: CON (no RPC or RPM); RPC (13.0 g/d of choline ion); RPM (9 g/d of dl-methionine prepartum; 13.5 g/d of dl-methionine postpartum); or RPC + RPM. Treatments were applied once daily as a top-dress from 3 wk before through 5 wk after calving. Dry matter intake and milk production were recorded daily, and milk samples were obtained once weekly. Data were analyzed for primi- and multiparous cows separately, using a repeated-measures mixed model that included random effects of cow and block and fixed effects of RPC, RPM, week, and their interactions; week served as the repeated effect. Initial BW and previous lactation milk yield were included as covariates in the statistical model for multiparous cows. Feeding RPC without RPM increased milk yield for multiparous cows by 8.7 kg/d, but this increase was not observed when RPC was fed with RPM. In multiparous cows, feeding RPM increased milk fat concentration and tended to increase milk fat yield. Because of this, RPM increased fat-corrected milk (FCM) by 2.8 kg/d at wk 2 postpartum, and this increase was sustained through wk 5 postpartum. In contrast, RPM did not affect overall milk fat yield and concentration for primiparous cows. Feeding RPC increased milk yield for primiparous cows by 3.5 kg/d irrespective of RPM inclusion, which is contrary to observations in multiparous cows, where RPC increased milk yield only in the absence of RPM. These results indicate that responses to RPC during the periparturient period may be dependent upon supply of methionine. Our observations also demonstrate that primi- and multiparous cows respond differently to RPC and RPM supplemented individually or simultaneously during the periparturient period. This variation in response could have been mediated by putative differences in choline and methionine requirements of primiparous versus multiparous cows, or by differences in the levels of milk production between the 2 groups (36 vs. 25 kg of FCM/d). However, cows in this study did not experience severe negative energy balance (mean nadirs of -6.6 and -5.0 Mcal/d for multiparous and primiparous cows, respectively), which likely affected their responses to RPC and RPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Potts
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park 20742
| | - C M Scholte
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park 20742
| | - K M Moyes
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park 20742
| | - R A Erdman
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park 20742.
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Crookenden MA, Moyes KM, Kuhn-Sherlock B, Lehnert K, Walker CG, Loor JJ, Mitchell MD, Murray A, Dukkipati VSR, Vailati-Riboni M, Heiser A, Roche JR. Transcriptomic analysis of circulating neutrophils in metabolically stressed peripartal grazing dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:7408-7420. [PMID: 31178180 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The high metabolic demand during the transition into lactation places cows at greater risk of metabolic and infectious disease than at any other time in their lactation cycle. Additionally, a change occurs in the innate immune response during this period, which contributes to increased risk of disease. In the current study, we compared the transcriptomes of neutrophils from dairy cows divergent in their metabolic health post-calving. Cows (n = 5 per risk group) were selected from a parent experiment (n = 45 cows). Those with high or low concentrations of plasma nonesterified fatty acids, plasma β-hydroxybutyrate, and liver triacylglycerol in both wk 1 and 2 were deemed to be at "high risk" (HR) or "low risk" (LR) of metabolic dysfunction, respectively. Circulating neutrophils were isolated at 3 time points during the transition period (d 0 and wk 1 and 4 post-calving), and gene expression was analyzed using RNA sequencing. Differential gene expression between the risk groups was determined using edgeR (http://bioconductor.org), and pathway analysis was conducted using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (Ingenuity Systems, Qiagen, Valencia, CA). Statistical analysis indicated no interaction between risk and week. Therefore, the overall effect of risk was analyzed across all time points. In total, 3,500 genes were differentially expressed between the HR and LR cows (false discovery rate < 0.05). Of these, 2,897 genes were identified by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and used for pathway analysis. Of the relevant pathways identified, neutrophils isolated from HR cows showed downregulation of genes involved in the recruitment of granulocytes, interferon signaling, and apoptosis, and upregulation of genes involved in cell survival. The results indicate that metabolically stressed cows had reduced neutrophil function during the peripartum period, highlighting a potential relationship between subclinical metabolic disease and innate immune function that suggests that metabolic health negatively affects the innate immune system and may contribute to the state of immunosuppression during the peripartum period. In this way, the metabolic stress among the HR cows may reduce their ability to combat infection during the transition period.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Crookenden
- DairyNZ Ltd., Hamilton, New Zealand 3284; School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand 1010.
| | - K M Moyes
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park 20742
| | | | - K Lehnert
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand 1010
| | - C G Walker
- DairyNZ Ltd., Hamilton, New Zealand 3284
| | - J J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - M D Mitchell
- University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Australia 4029
| | - A Murray
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal, and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand 4442
| | - V S R Dukkipati
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal, and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand 4442
| | - M Vailati-Riboni
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - A Heiser
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal, and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand 4442; AgResearch, Hopkirk Research Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand 4442
| | - J R Roche
- DairyNZ Ltd., Hamilton, New Zealand 3284; School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand 1010
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Crookenden MA, Heiser A, Murray A, Dukkipati VSR, Kay JK, Loor JJ, Meier S, Mitchell MD, Moyes KM, Walker CG, Roche JR. Corrigendum to "Parturition in dairy cows temporarily alters the expression of genes in circulating neutrophils" (J. Dairy Sci. 99:6470-6483). J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:3715. [PMID: 29551165 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-101-4-3715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Garcia M, Elsasser TH, Qu Y, Zhu X, Moyes KM. Glucose supplementation has minimal effects on blood neutrophil function and gene expression in vitro. J Dairy Sci 2017; 98:6139-50. [PMID: 26117347 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-9183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
During early lactation, glucose availability is low and the effect of glucose supply on bovine polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) function is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of glucose supplementation on the function and transcriptomic inflammatory response of PMNL from cows in early and mid-lactation in vitro. Twenty Holstein cows in early (n=10; days in milk=17±3.1) and mid-lactation (n=10; days in milk=168±14.8) were used for this study. Jugular blood was analyzed for serum concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, and glucose. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes were isolated and diluted using RPMI (basal glucose concentration was 7.2 mM) to different concentrations of PMNL/mL for phagocytosis, chemotaxis, gene expression, and medium analyses. Working solutions of glucose (0 or 4 mM of d-glucose) and lipopolysaccharide (0 or 50μg/mL) were added and tubes were incubated for 120 min at 37°C. Media were analyzed for concentrations of glucose and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Data were analyzed in a randomized block (stage of lactation) design. Challenge with lipopolysaccharide increased the expression of the genes encoding for nuclear factor kappa B (NFKB1), IL-10 (IL10), IL1B, IL6, IL8, TNF-α (TNFA), glucose transporter 3 (SLC2A3), and the concentration of TNF-α in medium (147.3 vs. 72.5 pg/mL for lipopolysaccharide and control, respectively). Main effect of stage of lactation was minimal where the expression of IL10 increased for cows in early compared with cows in mid-lactation. After lipopolysaccharide challenge, cows in early lactation experienced more marked increases in the expression of IL6, TNFA, and IL8 when compared with cows in mid-lactation. Glucose supplementation had minimal effects on gene expression where glucose supplementation increased the expression of lysozyme (LYZ). Glucose supplementation increased PMNL phagocytosis but did not alter chemotaxis, morphology, or concentration of TNF-α in the medium. Under the conditions of the experiment, stage of lactation had minimal effects on PMNL response to glucose supply where only the expression of NFKB1 and the production of TNF-α were greater for cows in mid-lactation when compared with early lactation. Metabolic profiles for cows in early lactation did not parallel those for cows during the early postpartum period and may partly explain results for this study. Future studies investigating the effect of glucose supply on bovine PMNL function in vivo and how this may be altered by stage of lactation are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Garcia
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park 20740
| | - T H Elsasser
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Y Qu
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park 20740
| | - X Zhu
- Laboratory of Immunology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park 20740
| | - K M Moyes
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park 20740.
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Crookenden MA, Walker CG, Heiser A, Murray A, Dukkipati VSR, Kay JK, Meier S, Moyes KM, Mitchell MD, Loor JJ, Roche JR. Effects of precalving body condition and prepartum feeding level on gene expression in circulating neutrophils. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:2310-2322. [PMID: 28109589 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-12105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Extensive metabolic, physiological, and immunological changes are associated with calving and the onset of lactation. As a result, cows transitioning between pregnancy and lactation are at a greater risk of metabolic and infectious diseases. The ability of neutrophils to mount an effective immune response to an infection is critical for its resolution, and increasing evidence indicates that precalving nutrition affects postpartum neutrophil function. The objectives of the current study were to investigate the effect of 2 precalving body condition scores (BCS; 4 vs. 5 on a 10-point scale) and 2 levels of feeding (75 vs. 125% of estimated maintenance requirements) on gene expression in circulating neutrophils. We isolated RNA from the neutrophils of cows (n = 45) at 5 time points over the transition period: precalving (-1 wk), day of calving (d 0), and postcalving at wk 1, 2, and 4. Quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR with custom-designed primer pairs and Roche Universal Probe Library (Roche, Basel, Switzerland) chemistry, combined with microfluidics integrated fluidic circuit chips (96.96 dynamic array), were used to quantify the expression of 78 genes involved in neutrophil function and 18 endogenous control genes. Statistical significance between time points was determined using repeated measures ANOVA with Tukey-Kramer multiple-testing correction to determine treatment effects among weeks. Precalving BCS altered the inflammatory state of neutrophils, with significant increases in overall gene expression of antimicrobial peptides (BNBD4 and DEFB10) and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL10, and significantly decreased expression of proinflammatory cytokine IL23A in thinner cows (BCS 4) compared with cows calving at BCS 5. Feeding level had a time-dependent effect on gene expression; for example, increased expression of genes involved in leukotriene synthesis (PLA2G4A and ALOX5AP) occurred only at 1 wk postcalving in cows overfed (125% of requirements) precalving compared with those offered 75% of maintenance requirements. Results indicate that precalving body condition and changes in prepartum energy lead to altered gene expression of circulating neutrophils, highlighting the importance of transition cow nutrition for peripartum health.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Crookenden
- DairyNZ, c/o University of Auckland, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; Institute of Vet, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - C G Walker
- DairyNZ, c/o University of Auckland, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - A Heiser
- Institute of Vet, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; AgResearch, Hopkirk Research Institute, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - A Murray
- Institute of Vet, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - V S R Dukkipati
- Institute of Vet, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - J K Kay
- DairyNZ, Cnr Ruakura and Morrinsville Rds (SH26), Newstead, Hamilton 3284, New Zealand
| | - S Meier
- DairyNZ, Cnr Ruakura and Morrinsville Rds (SH26), Newstead, Hamilton 3284, New Zealand
| | - K M Moyes
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park 20742
| | - M D Mitchell
- University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - J J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - J R Roche
- DairyNZ, Cnr Ruakura and Morrinsville Rds (SH26), Newstead, Hamilton 3284, New Zealand
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Crookenden MA, Walker CG, Heiser A, Loor JJ, Moyes KM, Kay JK, Meier S, Murray A, Dukkipati VSR, Mitchell MD, Roche JR. 0181 MiRNaseq of neutrophils during the transition period in cows with divergent metabolic phenotypes. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Qu Y, Elsasser TH, Newbold JR, Connor EE, Garcia M, Scholte CM, Moyes KM. 1662 Short-term feeding of a tocopherol mix (α-, β-, γ-, and δ) alters the daily pattern of tocopherol isoforms present in milk and blood in lactating dairy cows. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-1662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Garcia M, Qu Y, Scholte CM, O'Connor D, Rounds PW, Moyes KM. 1543 Regulatory effect of dietary intake of chromium propionate on function of monocyte-derived macrophages from Holstein cows in mid lactation. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-1543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Scholte CM, Qu Y, Garcia M, Elsasser TH, Biswas D, Moyes KM. 0698 Effects of citral and linalool on blood neutrophil toxicity and oxidative response in dairy cows. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-0698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Qu Y, Elsasser TH, Garcia M, Scholte CM, Connor EE, Newbold JR, Moyes KM. 0127 The effects of short-term feeding of tocopherol mix (α-, β-, γ-, and δ) on blood neutrophil function and immunometabolic-related gene expression in lactating dairy cows. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Garcia M, Power M, Moyes KM. 0848 Nutrient composition of milk from great apes throughout lactation. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-0848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Moyes KM, Sørensen P, Bionaz M. The Impact of Intramammary Escherichia coli Challenge on Liver and Mammary Transcriptome and Cross-Talk in Dairy Cows during Early Lactation Using RNAseq. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157480. [PMID: 27336699 PMCID: PMC4919052 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Our objective was to identify the biological response and the cross-talk between liver and mammary tissue after intramammary infection (IMI) with Escherichia coli (E. coli) using RNAseq technology. Sixteen cows were inoculated with live E. coli into one mammary quarter at ~4–6 weeks in lactation. For all cows, biopsies were performed at -144, 12 and 24 h relative to IMI in liver and at 24 h post-IMI in infected and non-infected (control) mammary quarters. For a subset of cows (n = 6), RNA was extracted from both liver and mammary tissue and sequenced using a 100 bp paired-end approach. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and the Dynamic Impact Approach analysis of differentially expressed genes (overall effect False Discovery Rate≤0.05) indicated that IMI induced an overall activation of inflammation at 12 h post-IMI and a strong inhibition of metabolism, especially related to lipid, glucose, and xenobiotics at 24 h post-IMI in liver. The data indicated in mammary tissue an overall induction of inflammatory response with little effect on metabolism at 24 h post-IMI. We identified a large number of up-stream regulators potentially involved in the response to IMI in both tissues but a relatively small core network of transcription factors controlling the response to IMI for liver whereas a large network in mammary tissue. Transcriptomic results in liver and mammary tissue were supported by changes in inflammatory and metabolic mediators in blood and milk. The analysis of potential cross-talk between the two tissues during IMI uncovered a large communication from the mammary tissue to the liver to coordinate the inflammatory response but a relatively small communication from the liver to the mammary tissue. Our results indicate a strong induction of the inflammatory response in mammary tissue and impairment of liver metabolism 24h post-IMI partly driven by the signaling from infected mammary tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. M. Moyes
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KMM); (MB)
| | - P. Sørensen
- Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - M. Bionaz
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KMM); (MB)
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Moyes KM. TRIENNIAL LACTATION SYMPOSIUM: Nutrient partitioning during intramammary inflammation: A key to severity of mastitis and risk of subsequent diseases?1. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:5586-93. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-8945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Garcia M, Elsasser TH, Biswas D, Moyes KM. The effect of citrus-derived oil on bovine blood neutrophil function and gene expression in vitro. J Dairy Sci 2014; 98:918-26. [PMID: 25434342 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Research on the use of natural products to treat or prevent microbial invasion as alternatives to antibiotic use is growing. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) play a vital role with regard to the innate immune response that affects severity or duration of mastitis. To our knowledge, effect of cold-pressed terpeneless Valencia orange oil (TCO) on bovine PMNL function has not been elucidated. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of TCO on bovine blood PMNL chemotaxis and phagocytosis capabilities and the expression of genes involved in inflammatory response in vitro. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes were isolated from jugular blood of 12 Holstein cows in mid-lactation and were incubated with 0.0 or 0.01% TCO for 120min at 37°C and 5% CO2, and phagocytosis (2×10(6) PMNL) and chemotaxis (6×10(6) PMNL) assays were then performed in vitro. For gene expression, RNA was extracted from incubated PMNL (6×10(6) PMNL), and gene expression was analyzed using quantitative PCR. The supernatant was stored at -80°C for analysis of tumor necrosis factor-α. Data were analyzed using a general linear mixed model with cow and treatment (i.e., control or TCO) in the model statement. In vitro supplementation of 0.01% of TCO increased the chemotactic ability to IL-8 by 47%; however, migration of PMNL to complement 5a was not altered. Treatment did not affect the production of tumor necrosis factor-α by PMNL. Expression of proinflammatory genes (i.e., SELL, TLR4, IRAK1, TRAF6, and LYZ) coding for proteins was not altered by incubation of PMNL with TCO. However, downregulation of TLR2 [fold change (FC=treatment/control)=-2.14], NFKBIA (FC=1.82), IL1B (FC=-2.16), TNFA (FC=-9.43), and SOD2 (FC=-1.57) was observed for PMNL incubated with TCO when compared with controls. Interestingly, expression of IL10, a well-known antiinflammatory cytokine, was also downregulated (FC=-3.78), whereas expression of IL8 (FC=1.93), a gene coding for the cytokine IL-8 known for its chemotactic function, tended to be upregulated in PMNL incubated with TCO. Incubation of PMNL with TCO enhanced PMNL chemotaxis in vitro. The expression of genes involved in the inflammatory response was primarily downregulated. Results showed that 0.01% TCO did not impair the function of PMNL in vitro. Future studies investigating the use of TCO as an alternative therapy for treatment of mastitis, including dose and duration, for cows during lactation are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Garcia
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park 20742
| | - T H Elsasser
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Growth Biology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - D Biswas
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park 20742
| | - K M Moyes
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park 20742.
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Moyes KM, Graugnard DE, Khan MJ, Mukesh M, Loor JJ. Postpartal immunometabolic gene network expression and function in blood neutrophils are altered in response to prepartal energy intake and postpartal intramammary inflammatory challenge. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:2165-77. [PMID: 24508431 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The effect of over-feeding energy prepartum on blood polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) response remains unclear. Cows fed controlled (CON; 1.34Mcal/kg of dry matter) or excess energy (OVE; 1.62Mcal/kg dry matter) during the dry period (~45d before expected calving date) received an intramammary (IM) challenge with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) during the postpartal period to determine the effects of IM LPS and prepartal diet on the expression of key genes associated with immunometabolic response in blood PMN. Feed intake and daily milk yield were recorded throughout the study period. At 7d in milk (DIM), all cows received LPS (200µg) into 1 rear mammary quarter. Blood PMN were isolated at 7, 14, and 30 DIM, as well as before (0h) and after (12h) IM LPS challenge for gene expression analysis using quantitative real time PCR. Phagocytosis capabilities in vitro were assessed at 7, 14, and 30 DIM. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS with repeated measures. No differences in feed intake and milk yield were observed between OVE- and CON-fed cows. As expected, IM LPS challenge altered the expression of genes associated with the immune response (e.g., 1.9- and 1.8-fold for SELL and TLR2, respectively), metabolism (e.g., 1.8- and -1.8-fold for LDHA and SLC2A1, respectively), and transcription (e.g., 1.1- and 1.7-fold for NCOR1 and PPARD, respectively). At 12h postchallenge, an upregulation of TLR2 (1.8-fold), HIF1A (1.9-fold), and NFKB1 (1.5-fold) was observed for OVE rather than CON. At 7 DIM, S100A9 tended (2.2-fold) to be upregulated for OVE rather than CON. At 14 DIM, OVE resulted in lower PMN phagocytosis and an upregulation of NCOR2 (1.6-fold) and RXRA (1.9-fold) compared with CON-fed cows. At 30 DIM, an upregulation of MPO (3.5-fold) and PLA2G4A (1.5-fold) and a tendency for RXRA (1.7-fold) was observed for OVE- rather than CON-fed cows. Our results suggest that IM LPS challenge altered gene expression associated with metabolism in PMN and that OVE impaired PMN phagocytosis and increased the expression of immunometabolic genes after IM LPS challenge and during the postpartal period. The current study provides new linkages among prepartal feed energy intake, metabolism, and immune response of blood PMN and risk of disease during early lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Moyes
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park 20742.
| | - D E Graugnard
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, and University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - M J Khan
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, and University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - M Mukesh
- National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, P.B. 129, GT Road Bye Pass, Karnal-132001, Haryana, India
| | - J J Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, and University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.
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Naeem A, Zhong K, Moisá SJ, Drackley JK, Moyes KM, Loor JJ. Bioinformatics analysis of microRNA and putative target genes in bovine mammary tissue infected with Streptococcus uberis. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:6397-408. [PMID: 22959936 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-5173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) are small single-stranded noncoding RNA with important roles in regulating innate immunity in nonruminants via transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms. Mastitis causes significant losses in the dairy industry and a wealth of large-scale mRNA expression data from mammary tissue have provided fundamental insights into the tissue adaptations to pathogens. We studied the expression of 14 miRNA (miR-10a, -15b, -16a, -17, -21, -31, -145, -146a, -146b, -155, -181a, -205, -221, and -223) associated with regulation of innate immunity and mammary epithelial cell function in tissue challenged with Streptococcus uberis. Those data, along with microarray expression of 2,102 differentially expressed genes, were used for bioinformatics analysis to uncover putative target genes and the most affected biological pathways and functions. Three miRNA (181a, 16, and 31) were downregulated approximately 3- to 5-fold and miR-223 was upregulated approximately 2.5-fold in infected versus healthy tissue. Among differentially expressed genes due to infection, bioinformatics analysis revealed that the studied miRNA share in the regulation of a large number of metabolic (SCD, CD36, GPAM, and FASN), immune/oxidative stress (TNF, IL6, IL10, SOD2, LYZ, and TLR4), and cellular proliferation/differentiation (FOS and CASP4) target genes. This level of complex regulation was underscored by the coordinate effect revealed by bioinformatics on various cellular pathways within the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database. Most pathways associated with "cellular processes," "organismal systems," and "diseases" were activated by putative target genes of miR-31 and miR-16a, with an overlapping activation of "immune system" and "signal transduction." A pronounced effect and activation of miR-31 target genes was observed within "folding, sorting, and degradation," "cell growth and death," and "cell communication" pathways, whereas a marked inhibition of "lipid metabolism" occurred. Putative targets of miR-181a had a strong effect on FcγR-mediated phagocytosis, toll-like receptor signaling, and antigen processing and presentation, which were activated during intramammary infections. The targets of both miR-31 and miR-223 had an inhibitory effect on "lipid metabolism." Overall, the combined analyses indicated that changes in mammary tissue immune, metabolic, and cell growth-related signaling pathways during infection might have been mediated in part through effects of miRNA on gene transcription. Differential expression of miRNA supports the view from nonruminant cells/tissues that certain miRNA might be essential for the tissue's adaptive response to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Naeem
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, and Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA
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Moyes KM, Friggens NC, Ingvartsen KL. Nutritional strategies to combat physiological imbalance of dairy cows during early lactation: The effect of changes in dietary protein to starch ratios. ACTA AGR SCAND A-AN 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/09064702.2010.515242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Rezamand P, Hoagland TA, Moyes KM, Silbart LK, Andrew SM. Energy status, lipid-soluble vitamins, and acute phase proteins in periparturient Holstein and Jersey dairy cows with or without subclinical mastitis. J Dairy Sci 2008; 90:5097-107. [PMID: 17954750 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2007-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In a retrospective, case-controlled, observational study, associations among indices of negative energy balance, plasma lipid and lipid-soluble vitamin concentrations, plasma acute phase protein status, and occurrence of a new subclinical intramammary infection (IMI) during the periparturient period were determined. Cows were paired based on breed and expected parturition date (EPD) and monitored from the cessation of lactation through wk 8 of the subsequent lactation. A cow was identified as developing a new IMI if the intramammary pathogen isolated postpartum differed from that isolated in wk -9 (relative to EPD). Mean body condition score (BCS) of cows at wk -9 was 3.71 +/- 0.12. Fifteen Holstein and 15 Jersey dairy cows met the study selection criteria. Cows with a new IMI had greater body condition score, body weight, and body weight loss compared with cows that did not develop a new IMI. Prepartum plasma concentrations of beta-carotene were greater for Jersey cows with a new IMI compared with Jersey cows without a new IMI and Holstein cows, regardless of IMI status. However, there was a significant delay in recovery of plasma concentrations of beta-carotene postpartum for Jersey cows with a new IMI compared with Jersey cows without a new IMI. Plasma alpha-tocopherol, albumin, and retinol binding protein concentrations were greater during the periparturient period for cows without a new IMI. Plasma haptoglobin was increased at wk 1 postpartum for cows without a new IMI. Milk protein and lactose percentages and milk urea N were decreased and somatic cell counts were increased in cows identified with a new IMI compared with cows that did not develop a new IMI. Dairy cows with greater tissue energy stores prepartum and reduced plasma proteins, beta-carotene, and alpha-tocopherol had a greater risk for developing a new IMI during the periparturient period.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rezamand
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs 06269, USA
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Borm AA, Fox LK, Leslie KE, Hogan JS, Andrew SM, Moyes KM, Oliver SP, Schukken YH, Hancock DD, Gaskins CT, Owens WE, Norman C. Effects of prepartum intramammary antibiotic therapy on udder health, milk production, and reproductive performance in dairy heifers. J Dairy Sci 2006; 89:2090-8. [PMID: 16702275 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(06)72279-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Preparturient heifers (n = 561) from 9 herds in 6 US states and 1 Canadian province were enrolled in a study to test the hypothesis that prepartum intramammary therapy would cure existing intramammary infections (IMI) and lead to increased milk production, reduced linear somatic cell count (LSCC), and improved reproductive performance. Mammary secretions were collected 10 to 21 d before expected calving from each quarter. Heifers were then assigned by identification number to receive intramammary therapy consisting of infusion of one tube per mammary quarter of a lactating cow commercial antibiotic preparation containing cephapirin or to a nontreated control group. Overall, 34.1% of mammary quarters were infected with a mastitis pathogen before parturition and 63.4% of heifers had at least one mammary quarter infected. The coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) caused the majority (74.8%) of prepartum IMI. Coagulase-positive staphylococci, environmental streptococci, and coliforms accounted for 24.5% of prepartum infections. Treatment had a significant effect on the cure rate of infected mammary quarters. Mammary quarters that were infected prepartum and treated with antibiotics had a 59.5% efficacy of cure rate and the percentage reduction in heifers with IMI was 51.9. Control quarters had a spontaneous cure rate of 31.7%. Treatment did not significantly affect milk production or LSCC in the first 200 d of lactation; however, there was a significant treatment by herd interaction for milk production. Quarters cured of either CNS or major pathogens had a lower LSCC in the first 200 d of lactation. No significant effect on services per conception or days open between treatment and control groups was observed. This trial demonstrated that prepartum intramammary antibiotic therapy did reduce the number of heifer IMI postpartum. Milk production, LSCC, and reproductive performance during the first 200 d of the first lactation were not significantly affected by treatment. Given these results, use of prepartum intramammary antibiotic therapy in heifers as a universal strategy to increase milk production in first-lactation dairy cows may not be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Borm
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman 99164, USA
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