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Escalante P, Vadiyala MR, Pathakumari B, Marty PK, Van Keulen VP, Hilgart HR, Meserve K, Theel ES, Peikert T, Bailey RC, Laniado-Laborin R. New diagnostics for the spectrum of asymptomatic TB: from infection to subclinical disease. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2023; 27:499-505. [PMID: 37353874 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.23.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
TB remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, most infected immunocompetent individuals are asymptomatic and only 5-10% of these will eventually develop active TB during their lifetime (typically within 2 years after exposure). Therefore, rapid diagnosis and efficient management of asymptomatic infected individuals who are at the highest risk of progression and transmission remain major clinical and public health challenges. In recent years, there has been important scientific progress in our understanding of the spectrum of asymptomatic Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infections that not only includes the dynamic state of latent TB infection (LTBI), but also the preclinical state of incipient and subclinical TB. The latter is possibly as prevalent as symptomatically active TB and potentially contributes to global Mtb transmission in various settings. We summarize the latest developments and current challenges of the existing testing tools for LTBI and describe promising biomarkers and diagnostics for the spectrum of asymptomatic TB. Following the negative results of a recent clinical trial for a biomarker-guided preventive therapy approach, we also suggest some treatment options for incipient TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Escalante
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - M R Vadiyala
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - B Pathakumari
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - P K Marty
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - V P Van Keulen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA, Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - H R Hilgart
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - K Meserve
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - E S Theel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - T Peikert
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA, Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - R C Bailey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - R Laniado-Laborin
- Hospital General Tijuana, ISESALUD, Clínica y Laboratorio de Tuberculosis, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Facultad de Medicina y Psicología, Tijuana, Mexico
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Baillargeon KR, Meserve K, Faulkner S, Watson S, Butts H, Deighan P, Gerdon AE. Precipitation SELEX: identification of DNA aptamers for calcium phosphate materials synthesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:1092-1095. [PMID: 28045140 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc08687j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
DNA aptamers that enhance calcium phosphate mineral formation were identified using a novel precipitation SELEX method. The evolved DNA library was substantially enriched in G nucleotides and in predicted G-quadruplex structures, suggesting their importance in the mechanism of mineralization. This work could readily be extended to provide additional novel DNA aptamers for materials synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Baillargeon
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Emmanuel College, 400 The Fenway, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - K Meserve
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Emmanuel College, 400 The Fenway, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - S Faulkner
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Emmanuel College, 400 The Fenway, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - S Watson
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Emmanuel College, 400 The Fenway, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - H Butts
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Emmanuel College, 400 The Fenway, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - P Deighan
- Department of Biology, Emmanuel College, 400 The Fenway, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A E Gerdon
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Emmanuel College, 400 The Fenway, Boston, MA, USA.
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