Syndrome De Lyell Et Syndrome De Stevens-Johnson: Étude Rétrospective De 30 Cas

Stevens-Johnson syndrome and Lyell syndrome are severe bullous drug reactions that can be life-threatening. The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiological, etiological, clinical, therapeutic and evolutionary data of patients hospitalized in our Dermatology Department. This is a retrospective descriptive study over a period of 10 years. All records of patients admitted to the Dermatology Department for these cutaneous adverse drug reactions were included. A total of 30 patients were recorded, with a male predominance. There were 18 cases of Lyell syndrome, 8 cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and 4 cases of overlap syndrome. The mean time to onset after drug administration was 7.5 days. The average skin area detached was 48%. Visceral involvement was frequently observed: pulmonary involvement, renal involvement, hepatic cytolysis and hematological involvement. The notion of medication was found in all our patients, with self-medication in 23% of cases. The reason for prescription was dominated by post-surgical anticonvulsant prophylaxis. All our patients received symptomatic treatment, and corticosteroid therapy was administered in only one patient for macrophagic activation syndrome. The mortality rate was of 17%. Skin area involved, presence of renal failure or respiratory distress were the main prognostic factors.

[Recurrent postpartum pyoderma gangrenosum and fatal cardiomyopathy]

BACKGROUND

We report a case of recurrent post-partum pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) complicated by post-partum cardiomyopathy (PPCM).

PATIENTS AND METHODS

A 23-year-old woman presented with a previous medical history of aseptic abscess of the left breast in her fourth pregnancy, which developed after surgical drainage of an inflammatory ulceration treated by atraumatic topical care. During her fifth pregnancy, the patient presented a large and painful ulceration in relation to the scar of the Caesarean section, despite the introduction of broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy. Bacteriological samples were negative. Histological examination militated in favor of PG. One week after initiation of corticosteroid therapy, the patient suddenly showed signs of heart failure. Based on trans-thoracic echocardiography PPCM was diagnosed, and the outcome was fatal.

DISCUSSION

This observation raises the question of the relationship between PG and pregnancy and describes the association of PG and PPCM. PG occurs rarely during pregnancy and it may be induced by the rise in G-CSF levels found in pregnant women. The association with PPCM seen in our patient could have been due to the development of an anti-angiogenic climate at the end of pregnancy, together with inflammatory myocardial aggression linked to the PG.

[Diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis of an infant: A case report]

Mastocytosis is a group of diseases related to abnormal accumulation and proliferation of mast cells in one or more organs. They may be associated with an acquired point mutation and the activation of the receptor tyrosine-kinase c-KIT of CFS (mast cell growth factor). The clinical manifestations are varied and secondary to the release of mast cell mediators and/or infiltration of various organs. There are two main types of mastocytosis: pure cutaneous mastocytosis and systemic mastocytosis when more than two organs are involved in mast cell infiltration (bone marrow, gastrointestinal tract, bone, liver and spleen, lymph nodes). Mastocytosis affects children in two thirds of cases, most frequently as an isolated cutaneous form. The most common clinical form in children is urticaria pigmentosa and solitary mastocytoma; bullous diffuse mastocytosis is rare. We report the case of an 8-month-old infant who presented with a diffuse pruritic bullous eruption. The histology and immunohistochemistry results were suggestive of mastocytosis. A serum tryptase test yielded positive results. Laboratory investigations did not identify systemic involvement. The patient was given antihistamine H1 medication and local care. Advice regarding the disease was offered to the parents. The course of the disease was marked by a decrease in the number of blisters and attenuation of the pruritus at the 6-month follow-up. This observation emphasizes the importance of awareness of this rare entity, which should be considered in all cases of bullous dermatosis in children, thereby allowing for early treatment.

Systemic paraneoplastic vasculitis secondary to papillary carcinoma of the thyroid

Systemic vasculitis secondary to thyroid carcinomas is exceptional. We report the case of a 55-year-old woman who presented with systemic vasculitis involving leucocytoclastic cutaneous vasculitis and renal disorders secondary to papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Her symptoms resolved completely after total thyroidectomy. Other causes of vasculitis were excluded. To our knowledge, this is only the second case reported of systemic vasculitis associated with PTC in a paraneoplastic manner.

[Kaposi's disease: an unusual side-effect of topical corticosteroids]

BACKGROUND

Kaposi's sarcoma is an angiogenic tumour associated with HHV8 infection. There are several clinical forms, including those related to acquired immunosuppression. We report a case of nodular lesions in Kaposi's disease that appeared during treatment of bullous pemphigoid with topical corticosteroids.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

A 74-year-old female patient presented bullous pemphigoid lesions on all four limbs that were treated with clobetasol cream, a topical corticosteroid. After 2 months of treatment, the patient noted the appearance of several asymptomatic purple, erythematous, papulonodular lesions of elastic consistency on her right thigh and both legs. The histological examination revealed Kaposi's disease with positive immunolabelling for HHV8 in the tumour cells. HIV serology was negative. The lesions disappeared 4 months after cessation of corticosteroid therapy and the patient was still in remission one year later.

COMMENT

Authentic "Mediterranean" cutaneous Kaposi's disease was apparently revealed in this patient during treatment with extremely potent topical corticosteroids, before regressing completely on discontinuation of the medication. We discuss the various mechanisms that could have contributed to this side-effect of dermal corticosteroids, whose sustained application over a wide area caused HHV8 antigen reactivation.