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Kutnyakhov D, Xian RP, Dendzik M, Heber M, Pressacco F, Agustsson SY, Wenthaus L, Meyer H, Gieschen S, Mercurio G, Benz A, Bühlman K, Däster S, Gort R, Curcio D, Volckaert K, Bianchi M, Sanders C, Miwa JA, Ulstrup S, Oelsner A, Tusche C, Chen YJ, Vasilyev D, Medjanik K, Brenner G, Dziarzhytski S, Redlin H, Manschwetus B, Dong S, Hauer J, Rettig L, Diekmann F, Rossnagel K, Demsar J, Elmers HJ, Hofmann P, Ernstorfer R, Schönhense G, Acremann Y, Wurth W. Time- and momentum-resolved photoemission studies using time-of-flight momentum microscopy at a free-electron laser. Rev Sci Instrum 2020; 91:013109. [PMID: 32012554 DOI: 10.1063/1.5118777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved photoemission with ultrafast pump and probe pulses is an emerging technique with wide application potential. Real-time recording of nonequilibrium electronic processes, transient states in chemical reactions, or the interplay of electronic and structural dynamics offers fascinating opportunities for future research. Combining valence-band and core-level spectroscopy with photoelectron diffraction for electronic, chemical, and structural analyses requires few 10 fs soft X-ray pulses with some 10 meV spectral resolution, which are currently available at high repetition rate free-electron lasers. We have constructed and optimized a versatile setup commissioned at FLASH/PG2 that combines free-electron laser capabilities together with a multidimensional recording scheme for photoemission studies. We use a full-field imaging momentum microscope with time-of-flight energy recording as the detector for mapping of 3D band structures in (kx, ky, E) parameter space with unprecedented efficiency. Our instrument can image full surface Brillouin zones with up to 7 Å-1 diameter in a binding-energy range of several eV, resolving about 2.5 × 105 data voxels simultaneously. Using the ultrafast excited state dynamics in the van der Waals semiconductor WSe2 measured at photon energies of 36.5 eV and 109.5 eV, we demonstrate an experimental energy resolution of 130 meV, a momentum resolution of 0.06 Å-1, and a system response function of 150 fs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kutnyakhov
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - R P Xian
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Dendzik
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Heber
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - F Pressacco
- Physics Department and Centre for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), University of Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Y Agustsson
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - L Wenthaus
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - H Meyer
- Physics Department and Centre for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), University of Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Gieschen
- Physics Department and Centre for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), University of Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - G Mercurio
- Physics Department and Centre for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), University of Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Benz
- Physics Department and Centre for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), University of Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - K Bühlman
- Laboratorium für Festkörperphysik, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - S Däster
- Laboratorium für Festkörperphysik, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - R Gort
- Laboratorium für Festkörperphysik, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - D Curcio
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - K Volckaert
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - M Bianchi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Ch Sanders
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - J A Miwa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - S Ulstrup
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - A Oelsner
- Surface Concept GmbH, 55124 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Tusche
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-6), 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Y-J Chen
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-6), 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - D Vasilyev
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - K Medjanik
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - G Brenner
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Dziarzhytski
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - H Redlin
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - B Manschwetus
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Dong
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - J Hauer
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - L Rettig
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - F Diekmann
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - K Rossnagel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Demsar
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - H-J Elmers
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ph Hofmann
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - R Ernstorfer
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - G Schönhense
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Y Acremann
- Laboratorium für Festkörperphysik, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - W Wurth
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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Marković I, Hooley CA, Clark OJ, Mazzola F, Watson MD, Riley JM, Volckaert K, Underwood K, Dyer MS, Murgatroyd PAE, Murphy KJ, Fèvre PL, Bertran F, Fujii J, Vobornik I, Wu S, Okuda T, Alaria J, King PDC. Weyl-like points from band inversions of spin-polarised surface states in NbGeSb. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5485. [PMID: 31792208 PMCID: PMC6888910 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13464-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Band inversions are key to stabilising a variety of novel electronic states in solids, from topological surface states to the formation of symmetry-protected three-dimensional Dirac and Weyl points and nodal-line semimetals. Here, we create a band inversion not of bulk states, but rather between manifolds of surface states. We realise this by aliovalent substitution of Nb for Zr and Sb for S in the ZrSiS family of nonsymmorphic semimetals. Using angle-resolved photoemission and density-functional theory, we show how two pairs of surface states, known from ZrSiS, are driven to intersect each other near the Fermi level in NbGeSb, and to develop pronounced spin splittings. We demonstrate how mirror symmetry leads to protected crossing points in the resulting spin-orbital entangled surface band structure, thereby stabilising surface state analogues of three-dimensional Weyl points. More generally, our observations suggest new opportunities for engineering topologically and symmetry-protected states via band inversions of surface states.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Marković
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, United Kingdom.,Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Strasse 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - C A Hooley
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - O J Clark
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - F Mazzola
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - M D Watson
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - J M Riley
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - K Volckaert
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - K Underwood
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - M S Dyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - P A E Murgatroyd
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - K J Murphy
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - P Le Fèvre
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, CNRS-CEA, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin-BP48, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - F Bertran
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, CNRS-CEA, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin-BP48, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - J Fujii
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali (IOM)-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, Area Science Park, S.S.14, Km 163.5, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - I Vobornik
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali (IOM)-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, Area Science Park, S.S.14, Km 163.5, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - S Wu
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - T Okuda
- Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center, Hiroshima University, 2-313 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-0046, Japan
| | - J Alaria
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - P D C King
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, United Kingdom.
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3
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Riley JM, Caruso F, Verdi C, Duffy LB, Watson MD, Bawden L, Volckaert K, van der Laan G, Hesjedal T, Hoesch M, Giustino F, King PDC. Crossover from lattice to plasmonic polarons of a spin-polarised electron gas in ferromagnetic EuO. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2305. [PMID: 29899336 PMCID: PMC5998015 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04749-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Strong many-body interactions in solids yield a host of fascinating and potentially useful physical properties. Here, from angle-resolved photoemission experiments and ab initio many-body calculations, we demonstrate how a strong coupling of conduction electrons with collective plasmon excitations of their own Fermi sea leads to the formation of plasmonic polarons in the doped ferromagnetic semiconductor EuO. We observe how these exhibit a significant tunability with charge carrier doping, leading to a polaronic liquid that is qualitatively distinct from its more conventional lattice-dominated analogue. Our study thus suggests powerful opportunities for tailoring quantum many-body interactions in solids via dilute charge carrier doping.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Riley
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - F Caruso
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
- Institut für Physik and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, 12489, Germany
| | - C Verdi
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - L B Duffy
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
- ISIS, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - M D Watson
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - L Bawden
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - K Volckaert
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - G van der Laan
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - T Hesjedal
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - M Hoesch
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK.
- DESY Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, D-22603, Germany.
| | - F Giustino
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA.
| | - P D C King
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK.
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