1
|
Wang Y, Mu JJ, Geng LK, Wang D, Ren KY, Guo TS, Chu C, Xie BQ, Liu FQ, Yuan ZY. Effect of salt intake and potassium supplementation on brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity in Chinese subjects: an interventional study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 48:83-90. [PMID: 25493387 PMCID: PMC4288497 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20144213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has suggested that high salt and potassium might be associated
with vascular function. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of salt
intake and potassium supplementation on brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (PWV) in
Chinese subjects. Forty-nine subjects (28-65 years of age) were selected from a rural
community of northern China. All subjects were sequentially maintained on a low-salt
diet for 7 days (3.0 g/day NaCl), a high-salt diet for an additional 7 days (18.0
g/day NaCl), and a high-salt diet with potassium supplementation for a final 7 days
(18.0 g/day NaCl+4.5 g/day KCl). Brachial-ankle PWV was measured at baseline and on
the last day of each intervention. Blood pressure levels were significantly increased
from the low-salt to high-salt diet, and decreased from the high-salt diet to
high-salt plus potassium supplementation. Baseline brachial-ankle PWV in
salt-sensitive subjects was significantly higher than in salt-resistant subjects.
There was no significant change in brachial-ankle PWV among the 3 intervention
periods in salt-sensitive, salt-resistant, or total subjects. No significant
correlations were found between brachial-ankle PWV and 24-h sodium and potassium
excretions. Our study indicates that dietary salt intake and potassium
supplementation, at least in the short term, had no significant effect on
brachial-ankle PWV in Chinese subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R., China
| | - J J Mu
- Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R., China
| | - L K Geng
- Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R., China
| | - D Wang
- Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R., China
| | - K Y Ren
- Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R., China
| | - T S Guo
- Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R., China
| | - C Chu
- Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R., China
| | - B Q Xie
- Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R., China
| | - F Q Liu
- Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R., China
| | - Z Y Yuan
- Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R., China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang Y, Mu JJ, Liu FQ, Ren KY, Xiao HY, Yang Z, Yuan ZY. Salt-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in Dahl salt-sensitive rats is dependent on elevated blood pressure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [PMID: 24676494 PMCID: PMC3982943 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20133554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dietary salt intake has been linked to hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Accumulating evidence has indicated that salt-sensitive individuals on high salt intake are more likely to develop renal fibrosis. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) participates in the development and progression of renal fibrosis in humans and animals. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of a high-salt diet on EMT in Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rats. Twenty-four male SS and consomic SS-13BN rats were randomized to a normal diet or a high-salt diet. After 4 weeks, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and albuminuria were analyzed, and renal fibrosis was histopathologically evaluated. Tubular EMT was evaluated using immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR with E-cadherin and alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). After 4 weeks, SBP and albuminuria were significantly increased in the SS high-salt group compared with the normal diet group. Dietary salt intake induced renal fibrosis and tubular EMT as identified by reduced expression of E-cadherin and enhanced expression of α-SMA in SS rats. Both blood pressure and renal interstitial fibrosis were negatively correlated with E-cadherin but positively correlated with α-SMA. Salt intake induced tubular EMT and renal injury in SS rats, and this relationship might depend on the increase in blood pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - J J Mu
- Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - F Q Liu
- Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - K Y Ren
- Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - H Y Xiao
- Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Z Yang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Z Y Yuan
- Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ren KY, Brentjens J, Chen YX, Brodkin M, Noble B. Glomerular macrophage proliferation in experimental immune complex nephritis. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1991; 60:384-98. [PMID: 1830832 DOI: 10.1016/0090-1229(91)90095-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In immune complex nephritis, glomerular hypercellularity is known to result from the proliferation of intrinsic cells and from the infiltration of mononuclear cells, primarily macrophages. An immunohistochemical double-labeling procedure was used to determine whether macrophages were among the cells which may undergo mitosis within the glomerular tuft. The monoclonal antibody ED1 served as a macrophage marker; cells in the S-phase of mitosis were recognized by uptake of bromodeoxyuridine. Glomerular proliferation was studied in chronic serum sickness of LEW rats, an animal model of immune complex nephritis for which the relationship between immunopathology and pathophysiology has been well described. In normal glomeruli, resident mesangial macrophages accounted for an unexpectedly large proportion (greater than or equal to one-third) of the total mitotic activity. In immune complex glomerulonephritis, the rate of glomerular macrophage proliferation increased rapidly just at the onset of proteinuria and remained high throughout the remaining course of disease. Glomerular macrophages from rats with proliferative nephritis also divided more vigorously than normal in short term culture in vitro, while persistently expressing abnormal surface marker phenotypes. The proliferation of mesangial macrophages appears to be a prominent feature of the normal process of glomerular cell renewal. In hypercellular glomeruli, vigorous local proliferation could greatly amplify the potential of macrophages to cause damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Y Ren
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, State University of New York, Buffalo 14214
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|