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Tandon R, Vashist P, Gupta N, Gupta V, Yadav S, Deka D, Singh S, Vishwanath K, Murthy GVS. The association of sun exposure, ultraviolet radiation effects and other risk factors for pterygium (the SURE RISK for pterygium study) in geographically diverse adult (≥40 years) rural populations of India -3rd report of the ICMR-EYE SEE study group. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270065. [PMID: 35862365 PMCID: PMC9302760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine the prevalence and risk factors for pterygium in geographically diverse regions of India. Methods A population-based, cross-sectional multicentric study was conducted in adults aged ≥40 years in plains, hilly and coastal regions of India. All participants underwent a detailed questionnaire-based assessment for sun exposure, usage of sun protective measures, exposure to indoor smoke, and smoking. Detailed ocular and systemic examinations were performed. Pterygium was diagnosed and graded clinically by slit-lamp examination. Association of pterygium with sociodemographic, ophthalmological, and systemic parameters was assessed. Physical environmental parameters for the study period were estimated. Results Of the 12,021 eligible subjects, 9735 (81% response rate) participated in the study. The prevalence of pterygium in any eye was 13.2% (95% CI: 12.5%-13.9%), and bilateral pterygium was 6.7% (95% CI: 6.2–7.2). The prevalence increased with age (<0.001) irrespective of sex and was highest in those aged 60–69 years (15.8%). The prevalence was highest in coastal (20.3%), followed by plains (11.2%) and hilly regions (9.1%). On multi-logistic regression, pterygium was positively associated with coastal location (P<0.001), illiteracy (P = 0.037), increasing lifetime sun exposure (P<0.001), and negatively associated with BMI ≥25 kg/m2 (P = 0.009). Conclusion Pterygium prevalence is high in the rural Indian population. The association of pterygium with several potentially modifiable risk factors reflects its multifactorial etiology and provides targets for preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Tandon
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Praveen Vashist
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Noopur Gupta
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Saumya Yadav
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Dipali Deka
- Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Guwahati, India
| | | | - K. Vishwanath
- Pushpagiri Vitreo Retina Institute, Secunderabad, Telangana, India
| | - G. V. S. Murthy
- Indian Institute of Public Health, Hyderabad, India
- Clinical Research Department, Public Health Eye Care & Disability, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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MANCHI V, Shetty S, Rao S, Vishwanath K, Shetty V, Yeshwanth S, Basavarajappa M. In vitro differentiation of melanocyte stem cells derived from vitiligo patients into functional melanocytes. Cytotherapy 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1465324921004850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Tandon R, Vashist P, Gupta N, Gupta V, Sahay P, Deka D, Singh S, Vishwanath K, Murthy GVS. Association of dry eye disease and sun exposure in geographically diverse adult (≥40 years) populations of India: The SEED (sun exposure, environment and dry eye disease) study - Second report of the ICMR-EYE SEE study group. Ocul Surf 2020; 18:718-730. [PMID: 32783926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2020.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To estimate the prevalence and determine risk factors for dry eye disease (DED) in geographically diverse regions of India. METHOD A population based cross-sectional study was conducted on people aged ≥40 years in plain, hilly and coastal areas. Dry eye assessment by objective [tear film break-up time (TBUT), Schirmer I, corneal staining] and subjective [Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI)] parameters was performed with questionnaire-based assessment of exposure to sunlight, cigarette smoke, indoor smoke. The prevalence of DED with age, sex, occupation, location, smoking, exposure to sunlight, indoor smoke, diabetes, hypertension, was subjected to logistic regression analysis. RESULTS 9,735 people (age 54.5 ± 0.1 years; range 40-99, males 45.5%) were included. The prevalence of DED was 26.2%, was higher in plains (41.3%) compared to hilly (24.0%) and coastal area (9.9%) (p < 0.001) and increased with age (p < 0.001), female gender (p < 0.001), smoking (p < 0.001), indoor smoke (p < 0.001), diabetes (p-0.02), hypertension (0.001), occupations with predominant outdoor activity (p-0.013) and increasing exposure to sunlight (trend). Multi-logistic regression showed a positive association with female sex (OR-1.2, CI-1.01, 1.4), exposure to indoor smoke (OR-1.3, CI-1.1, 1.5), smoking (OR-1.2; CI-1.03, 1.3), prolonged exposure to sunlight (OR-1.8, CI-1.5, 2.2), hypertension (OR 1.3, CI-1.2, 1.4), diabetes (OR-1.2, CI-1, 1.5) and negative association with region - hilly (OR-0.5, CI-0.4, 0.6) and coastal (OR-0.2; CI-0.1, 0.2), and BMI (OR-0.8, CI-0.7, 0.9). CONCLUSION DED is common in population ≥40 years of age. Its prevalence is affected by extrinsic (geographic location, exposure to sunlight, smoking, indoor smoke) and intrinsic (age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, BMI) factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Tandon
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, AIIMS, New Delhi, India.
| | - Praveen Vashist
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Noopur Gupta
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Pranita Sahay
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Dipali Deka
- Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Guwahati, India
| | | | - K Vishwanath
- Pushpagiri Vitreo Retina Institute, Secunderabad, Telangana, India
| | - G V S Murthy
- Indian Institute of Public Health, Hyderabad, India
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Amruta N, Prasanna Kumar MK, Puneeth ME, Sarika G, Kandikattu HK, Vishwanath K, Narayanaswamy S. Exploring the Potentiality of Novel Rhizospheric Bacterial Strains against the Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Plant Pathol J 2018; 34:126-138. [PMID: 29628819 PMCID: PMC5880357 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.11.2017.0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is a major disease. In the present study, we aimed to identify and evaluate the novel bacterial isolates from rice rhizosphere for biocontrol of M. oryzae pathogen. Sixty bacterial strains from the rice plant's rhizosphere were tested for their biocontrol activity against M. oryzae under in vitro and in vivo. Among them, B. amyloliquefaciens had significant high activity against the pathogen. The least disease severity and highest germination were recorded in seeds treated with B. amyloliquefaciens UASBR9 (0.96 and 98.00%) compared to untreated control (3.43 and 95.00%, respectively) under in vivo condition. These isolates had high activity of enzymes in relation to growth promoting activity upon challenge inoculation of the pathogen. The potential strains were identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing and dominance of these particular genes were associated in Bacillus strains. These strains were also confirmed for the presence of antimicrobial peptide biosynthetic genes viz., srfAA (surfactin), fenD (fengycin), spaS (subtilin), and ituC (iturin) related to secondary metabolite production (e.g., AMPs). Overall, the results suggested that application of potential bacterial strains like B. amyloliquefaciens UASBR9 not only helps in control of the biological suppression of one of the most devastating rice pathogens, M. grisea but also increases plant growth along with a reduction in application of toxic chemical pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayanappa Amruta
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560065,
India
| | | | - M. E. Puneeth
- Department of Plant Pathology, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560065,
India
| | - Gowdiperu Sarika
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560065,
India
| | - Hemanth Kumar Kandikattu
- Biochemistry and Nanosciences Discipline, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, Karnataka 570011,
India
| | - K. Vishwanath
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560065,
India
| | - Sonnappa Narayanaswamy
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560065,
India
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Kim R, Fasi A, Vishwanath K, Kuo S, Guriar R, Kim H, Wolf D, Feinberg S. Non-invasive real-time monitoring of perfusion and vascularization of an engrafted soft tissue engineered oral mucosa. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2014.06.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Zhu Q, Dehghani H, Tichauer KM, Holt RW, Vishwanath K, Leblond F, Pogue BW. A three-dimensional finite element model and image reconstruction algorithm for time-domain fluorescence imaging in highly scattering media. Phys Med Biol 2011; 56:7419-34. [PMID: 22056913 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/56/23/006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In this work, development and evaluation of a three-dimensional (3D) finite element model (FEM) based on the diffusion approximation of time-domain (TD) near-infrared fluorescence light transport in biological tissue is presented. This model allows both excitation and fluorescence temporal point-spread function (TPSF) data to be generated for heterogeneous scattering and absorbing media of arbitrary geometry. The TD FEM is evaluated via comparisons with analytical and Monte Carlo (MC) calculations and is shown to provide a quantitative accuracy which has less than 0.72% error in intensity and less than 37 ps error for mean time. The use of the Born-Ratio normalized data is demonstrated to reduce data mismatch between MC and FEM to less than 0.22% for intensity and less than 22 ps in mean time. An image reconstruction framework, based on a 3D FEM formulation, is outlined and simulation results based on a heterogeneous mouse model with a source of fluorescence in the pancreas is presented. It is shown that using early photons (i.e. the photons detected within the first 200 ps of the TPSF) improves the spatial resolution compared to using continuous-wave signals. It is also demonstrated, as expected, that the utilization of two time gates (early and latest photons) can improve the accuracy both in terms of spatial resolution and recovered contrast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Zhu
- School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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Joshi P, Bhoir S, Bhagwat AM, Vishwanath K, Jadhav RK. Identification of Forced Degradation Products of Itopride by LC-PDA and LC-MS. Indian J Pharm Sci 2011; 73:287-91. [PMID: 22457552 PMCID: PMC3309648 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.93516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2010] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Degradation products of itopride formed under different forced conditions have been identified using LC-PDA and LC-MS techniques. Itopride was subjected to forced degradation under the conditions of hydrolysis, photolysis, oxidation, dry and wet heat, in accordance with the International Conference on Harmonization. The stress solutions were chromatographed on reversed phase C18 (250×4.6 mm, 5 μm) column with a mobile phase methanol:water (55:45, v/v) at a detection wavelength of 215 nm. Itopride degraded in acid, alkali and oxidative stress conditions. The stability indicating method was developed and validated. The degradation pathway of the drug to products II-VIII is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Joshi
- School of Science, NMIMS University, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai-400 056, India
| | - Suvarna Bhoir
- School of Science, NMIMS University, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai-400 056, India
| | - A. M. Bhagwat
- School of Science, NMIMS University, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai-400 056, India
| | - K. Vishwanath
- Raptakos, Brett and Co. Ltd, Pokhran Road, Shastri Nagar, Thane-400 606, India
| | - R. K. Jadhav
- Ipca Laboratories Ltd, 48, International House, Kandivli Industrial Estate, Kandivli (West), Mumbai-400 607, India
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Madigubba S, Vishwanath K, Reddy GBKG, Vemuganti GK. CHANGING TRENDS IN OCULAR CYSTICERCOSIS OVER TWO DECADES: AN ANALYSIS OF 118 SURGICALLY EXCISED CYSTS. Indian J Med Microbiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0255-0857(21)02108-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Madigubba S, Vishwanath K, Reddy G, Vemuganti GK. Changing trends in ocular cysticercosis over two decades: An analysis of 118 surgically excised cysts. Indian J Med Microbiol 2007; 25:214-9. [PMID: 17901637 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.34761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the frequency of ocular cysticercosis and to demonstrate the changing trends in localisation of ocular cysticercosis along with a brief review of literature. METHODS A retrospective analysis of histology proven ocular cysticercosis cases seen over a period of 20 years (1981 through 2000) was done. The pathology record forms were reviewed for demographics, clinical features with specific reference to the location of cysts in four subgroups: subconjunctival; intraocular orbit and eyelid. The distribution of cases in four five-year periods namely group A: 1981-1985, group B: 1986-1990, group C: 1991-1995 and group D: 1996-2000 and the changing trends in the location of cysts was evaluated. RESULTS One hundred eighteen cysts from 118 patients aged 4-72 (mean 17.1) years were submitted to the pathology service of S D Eye Hospital, Hyderabad. Male to female ratio was 1: 1.2. Total number of cases in groups A, B, C and D were 33, 41, 16 and 25 respectively. Location of cysts was subconjunctival - 74 (62.7%); intraocular-31 (26.3%); orbital-8 (7%) and lid-5 (4%). In last 20 years, significant decrease (P =0.0001) was noted in subconjunctival cases (85% vs. 28%) with a significant rise (P =0.0001) in intraocular cysticercosis (6% vs. 60%). CONCLUSIONS Frequency of surgically excised ocular cysticercosis remained constant over last two decades with an increasing manifestation of intravitreal cysticercosis in the recent years. This could imply either improved diagnostic modalities, available expertise in vitreo-retinal surgery or ineffective medical treatment for intraocular parasitic infection. The relative decrease in extraocular cysticercosis is probably due to the increased preference and success with medical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Madigubba
- Department of Pathology, Sarojini Devi Eye Hospital, Hyderabad - 500 028, India.
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Nadkarni JB, Iyengar KP, Dussa C, Watwe S, Vishwanath K. Orthopaedic injuries following falls by hospital in-patients. Gerontology 2005; 51:329-33. [PMID: 16110235 DOI: 10.1159/000086370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2004] [Accepted: 02/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Falls are one of the most frequent episodes on the hospital wards. OBJECTIVE To identify orthopaedic injuries sustained by in-patients falling on the hospital wards and to find out what treatment these required along with the additional time and cost that this incurred. METHODS A retrospective analysis of 900 incident forms and case records was undertaken for a 3-year period. Fractures and other soft-tissue injuries sustained and time, place, and mode of injury were noted. Type of fractures sustained and specific treatment required including operative procedure needed were studied. The cost of each treatment and the total cost in terms of time and money were calculated. RESULTS We identified 42 patients with orthopaedic injuries; 53% of the falls were recorded on medical wards. A poor pre-fall mobility was an important factor in over 80% of the cases, and a variety of medical conditions pre-existed in the elderly ill patients. Eighteen patients (42%) sustained hip fractures, of whom 15 patients (36%) required surgical treatment. There were 9 deaths in total, 5 of them occurred in patients with hip fractures. The cost of treating the injuries amounted to about GBP 70,000. An additional hospital stay of 56 weeks in total was needed, most patients requiring between 1 and 5 weeks of additional stay. CONCLUSIONS Falls in elderly in-patients can result in a variety of skeletal injuries. These may require major operative procedures and result in significant morbidity and can prove fatal. The treatment of these injuries is a substantial added expenditure to the trust.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Nadkarni
- Department of Orthopaedics, Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust, Southport, UK.
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Jain IS, Bansal SL, Gupta A, Vishwanath K. Dry eyes: a late effect of topical steroids. Indian J Ophthalmol 1985; 33:33-5. [PMID: 4077202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Gangwar DN, Grewal SP, Jain IS, Vishwanath K, Dhir SP. Cilioretinal artery occlusion: a case report. Ann Ophthalmol 1984; 16:1022-4. [PMID: 6517436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A young man had an occlusion of the cilioretinal artery. Recirculation in the vessel was established within 48 hours. The retinal damage has been permanent with no improvement in visual acuity. Fluorescein angiography during the stages of occlusion and established recirculation have been described. Vascular spasm of a short posterior ciliary artery due to smoking is the likely causal factor. The site of obstruction and the hemodynamic factors have been discussed.
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