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Zhao W, Yang M, Xu R, Du X, Li Y, Zhai K, Peng C, Pei D, Gao H, Li Y, Xu L, Han J, Huang Y, Liu Z, Yao Y, Zhuang J, Du Y, Zhou J, Chen Y, Yang L. Topological electronic structure and spin texture of quasi-one-dimensional higher-order topological insulator Bi 4Br 4. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8089. [PMID: 38062024 PMCID: PMC10703900 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43882-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The notion of topological insulators (TIs), characterized by an insulating bulk and conducting topological surface states, can be extended to higher-order topological insulators (HOTIs) hosting gapless modes localized at the boundaries of two or more dimensions lower than the insulating bulk. In this work, by performing high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) measurements with submicron spatial and spin resolution, we systematically investigate the electronic structure and spin texture of quasi-one-dimensional (1D) HOTI candidate Bi4Br4. In contrast to the bulk-state-dominant spectra on the (001) surface, we observe gapped surface states on the (100) surface, whose dispersion and spin-polarization agree well with our ab-initio calculations. Moreover, we reveal in-gap states connecting the surface valence and conduction bands, which is a signature of the hinge states inside the (100) surface gap. Our findings provide compelling evidence for the HOTI phase of Bi4Br4. The identification of the higher-order topological phase promises applications based on 1D spin-momentum locked current in electronic and spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ming Yang
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Centre of Quantum and Matter Sciences, International Research Institute for Multidisciplinary Science, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Runzhe Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xian Du
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yidian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Kaiyi Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Ding Pei
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Han Gao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University and CAS-Shanghai Science Research Center, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yiwei Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University and CAS-Shanghai Science Research Center, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Lixuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Junfeng Han
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiaxing, 314001, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiaxing, 314001, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Zhongkai Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University and CAS-Shanghai Science Research Center, Shanghai, 201210, China
- ShanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yugui Yao
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiaxing, 314001, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Jincheng Zhuang
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Centre of Quantum and Matter Sciences, International Research Institute for Multidisciplinary Science, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yi Du
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Centre of Quantum and Matter Sciences, International Research Institute for Multidisciplinary Science, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Jinjian Zhou
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Yulin Chen
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK.
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University and CAS-Shanghai Science Research Center, Shanghai, 201210, China.
- ShanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Lexian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China.
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Roche T, Romero J, Zhai K, Granstedt E, Gota H, Putvinski S, Smirnov A, Binderbauer MW. The integrated diagnostic suite of the C-2W experimental field-reversed configuration device and its applications. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:033548. [PMID: 33820036 DOI: 10.1063/5.0043807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the current experimental device of TAE Technologies, C-2W (also called "Norman"), record breaking advanced beam-driven field-reversed configuration (FRC) plasmas are produced and sustained in steady state utilizing variable energy neutral beams (15-40 keV, total power up to 20 MW), advanced divertors, bias electrodes, and an active plasma control system. This fully operational experiment is coupled with a fully operational suite of advanced diagnostic systems. The suite consists of 60+ individual systems spanning 20 categories, including magnetic sensors, Thomson scattering, interferometry/polarimetry, spectroscopy, fast imaging, bolometry, reflectometry, charged and neutral particle analysis, fusion product detection, and electric probes. Recently, measurements of main ion temperatures via a diagnostic neutral beam, axial profiles of energy flux from an array of bolometers, and divertor and edge plasma parameters via an extensive set of electric probes, interferometers, and spectrometers have all been made available. All the diagnostics work together to provide a complete picture of the FRC, fast-ion inventory, and edge plasma details enabling tomographic reconstruction of plasma parameter profiles and real-time plasma control.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Roche
- TAE Technologies, Inc., 19631 Pauling, Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
| | - J Romero
- TAE Technologies, Inc., 19631 Pauling, Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
| | - K Zhai
- TAE Technologies, Inc., 19631 Pauling, Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
| | - E Granstedt
- TAE Technologies, Inc., 19631 Pauling, Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
| | - H Gota
- TAE Technologies, Inc., 19631 Pauling, Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
| | - S Putvinski
- TAE Technologies, Inc., 19631 Pauling, Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
| | - A Smirnov
- TAE Technologies, Inc., 19631 Pauling, Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
| | - M W Binderbauer
- TAE Technologies, Inc., 19631 Pauling, Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
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Zhai K, Schindler T, Ottaviano A, Zhang H, Fallah D, Wells J, Parke E, Thompson MC. Thomson scattering systems on C-2W field-reversed configuration plasma experiment. Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:10C118. [PMID: 30399708 DOI: 10.1063/1.5037327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
TAE Technologies' newly constructed C-2W experiment aims to improve the ion and electron temperatures in a sustained field-reversed configuration plasma. A suite of Thomson scattering systems has been designed and constructed for electron temperature and density profile measurements. The systems are designed for electron densities of 1 × 1012 cm-3 to 2 × 1014 cm-3 and temperature ranges from 10 eV to 2 keV. The central system will provide profile measurements of Te and ne at 16 radial locations from r = -9 cm to r = 64 cm with a temporal resolution of 20 kHz for 4 pulses or 1 kHz for 30 pulses. The jet system will provide profile measurements of Te and ne at 5 radial locations in the open field region from r = -5 cm to r = 15 cm with a temporal resolution of 100 Hz. The central system and its components have been characterized, calibrated, installed, and commissioned. A maximum-likelihood algorithm has been applied for data processing and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Zhai
- TAE Technologies, Inc., Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
| | - T Schindler
- TAE Technologies, Inc., Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
| | - A Ottaviano
- TAE Technologies, Inc., Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
| | - H Zhang
- TAE Technologies, Inc., Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
| | - D Fallah
- TAE Technologies, Inc., Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
| | - J Wells
- TAE Technologies, Inc., Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
| | - E Parke
- TAE Technologies, Inc., Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
| | - M C Thompson
- TAE Technologies, Inc., Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
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4
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Ottaviano A, Schindler TM, Zhai K, Parke E, Granstedt E, Thompson MC. Characterization and calibration of the Thomson scattering diagnostic suite for the C-2W field-reversed configuration experiment. Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:10C120. [PMID: 30399673 DOI: 10.1063/1.5037101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The new C-2W Thomson scattering (TS) diagnostic consists of two individual subsystems for monitoring electron temperature (Te) and density (ne): one system in the central region is currently operational, and the second system is being commissioned to monitor the open field line region. Validating the performance of the TS's custom designed system components and unique calibration of the detection system and diagnostic as a whole is crucial to obtaining high precision Te and ne profiles of C-2W's plasma. The major components include a diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser which produces 35 pulses at up to 20 kHz, uniquely designed collection lenses with a fast numerical aperture, and uniquely designed polychromators with filters sets to optimize a Te ranging from 10 eV to 2 keV. This paper describes the design principles and techniques used to characterize the main components of the TS diagnostic on C-2W, as well as the results of Rayleigh scattering calibrations performed for the whole system response.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ottaviano
- TAE Technologies, Inc., Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
| | - T M Schindler
- TAE Technologies, Inc., Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
| | - K Zhai
- TAE Technologies, Inc., Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
| | - E Parke
- TAE Technologies, Inc., Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
| | - E Granstedt
- TAE Technologies, Inc., Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
| | - M C Thompson
- TAE Technologies, Inc., Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
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5
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Anderson DT, Abdou A, Almagri AF, Anderson FSB, Canik JM, Guttenfelder W, Lechte C, Likin KM, Lu H, Oh S, Probert PH, Radder J, Sakaguchi V, Schmitt J, Talmadge JN, Zhai K, Brower DL, Deng C. Overview of Recent Results from HSX. Fusion Science and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst06-a1232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. T. Anderson
- University of Wisconsin-Madison HSX Plasma Laboratory, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - A. Abdou
- University of Wisconsin-Madison HSX Plasma Laboratory, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - A. F. Almagri
- University of Wisconsin-Madison HSX Plasma Laboratory, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - F. S. B. Anderson
- University of Wisconsin-Madison HSX Plasma Laboratory, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - J. M. Canik
- University of Wisconsin-Madison HSX Plasma Laboratory, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - W. Guttenfelder
- University of Wisconsin-Madison HSX Plasma Laboratory, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - C. Lechte
- University of Wisconsin-Madison HSX Plasma Laboratory, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - K. M. Likin
- University of Wisconsin-Madison HSX Plasma Laboratory, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - H. Lu
- University of Wisconsin-Madison HSX Plasma Laboratory, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - S. Oh
- University of Wisconsin-Madison HSX Plasma Laboratory, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - P. H. Probert
- University of Wisconsin-Madison HSX Plasma Laboratory, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - J. Radder
- University of Wisconsin-Madison HSX Plasma Laboratory, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - V. Sakaguchi
- University of Wisconsin-Madison HSX Plasma Laboratory, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - J. Schmitt
- University of Wisconsin-Madison HSX Plasma Laboratory, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - J. N. Talmadge
- University of Wisconsin-Madison HSX Plasma Laboratory, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - K. Zhai
- University of Wisconsin-Madison HSX Plasma Laboratory, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - D. L. Brower
- University of California-Los Angeles, Electrical Engineering Department 66-127J Engineering IV Building, Los Angeles, California 90095-1594
| | - C. Deng
- University of California-Los Angeles, Electrical Engineering Department 66-127J Engineering IV Building, Los Angeles, California 90095-1594
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6
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Gota H, Tuszewski M, Trask E, Garate E, Binderbauer MW, Tajima T, Schmitz L, Deng BH, Guo HY, Aefsky S, Allfrey I, Barnes D, Bolte N, Bui DQ, Ceccherini F, Clary R, Conroy KD, Cordero M, Dettrick SA, Douglass JD, Feng P, Granstedt E, Gupta D, Gupta S, Hooper C, Kinley JS, Knapp K, Korepanov S, Longman A, Magee R, Mendoza R, Mok Y, Necas A, Primavera S, Putvinski S, Onofri M, Osin D, Rath N, Roche T, Romero J, Rostoker N, Schroeder JH, Sevier L, Sibley A, Smirnov A, Song Y, Steinhauer LC, Thompson MC, Valentine T, Van Drie AD, Walters JK, Waggoner W, Yang X, Yushmanov P, Zhai K. Improved Confinement of C-2 Field-Reversed Configuration Plasmas. Fusion Science and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst14-871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Gota
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - M. Tuszewski
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - E. Trask
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - E. Garate
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - M. W. Binderbauer
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - T. Tajima
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - L. Schmitz
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Physics and Astronomy Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - B. H. Deng
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - H. Y. Guo
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - S. Aefsky
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - I. Allfrey
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - D. Barnes
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - N. Bolte
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - D. Q. Bui
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - F. Ceccherini
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - R. Clary
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - K. D. Conroy
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - M. Cordero
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - S. A. Dettrick
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - J. D. Douglass
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - P. Feng
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - E. Granstedt
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - D. Gupta
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - S. Gupta
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - C. Hooper
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - J. S. Kinley
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - K. Knapp
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - S. Korepanov
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - A. Longman
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - R. Magee
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - R. Mendoza
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - Y. Mok
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - A. Necas
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - S. Primavera
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - S. Putvinski
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - M. Onofri
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - D. Osin
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - N. Rath
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - T. Roche
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - J. Romero
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - N. Rostoker
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - J. H. Schroeder
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - L. Sevier
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - A. Sibley
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - A. Smirnov
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - Y. Song
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - L. C. Steinhauer
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - M. C. Thompson
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - T. Valentine
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - A. D. Van Drie
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - J. K. Walters
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - W. Waggoner
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - X. Yang
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - P. Yushmanov
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - K. Zhai
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
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Zhai K, Schindler T, Kinley J, Deng B, Thompson MC. The upgrade of the Thomson scattering system for measurement on the C-2/C-2U devices. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:11D602. [PMID: 27910634 DOI: 10.1063/1.4955496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The C-2/C-2U Thomson scattering system has been substantially upgraded during the latter phase of C-2/C-2U program. A Rayleigh channel has been added to each of the three polychromators of the C-2/C-2U Thomson scattering system. Onsite spectral calibration has been applied to avoid the issue of different channel responses at different spots on the photomultiplier tube surface. With the added Rayleigh channel, the absolute intensity response of the system is calibrated with Rayleigh scattering in argon gas from 0.1 to 4 Torr, where the Rayleigh scattering signal is comparable to the Thomson scattering signal at electron densities from 1 × 1013 to 4 × 1014 cm-3. A new signal processing algorithm, using a maximum likelihood method and including detailed analysis of different noise contributions within the system, has been developed to obtain electron temperature and density profiles. The system setup, spectral and intensity calibration procedure and its outcome, data analysis, and the results of electron temperature/density profile measurements will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Zhai
- Tri Alpha Energy, Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688, USA
| | - T Schindler
- Tri Alpha Energy, Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688, USA
| | - J Kinley
- Tri Alpha Energy, Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688, USA
| | - B Deng
- Tri Alpha Energy, Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688, USA
| | - M C Thompson
- Tri Alpha Energy, Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688, USA
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8
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Qian WF, Yan WC, Wang TQ, Shao XD, Zhai K, Han LF, Lv CC. Genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from domestic animals in central China. Trop Biomed 2015; 32:540-544. [PMID: 26695215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that has a remarkable ability to infect almost all warm-blooded animals, including humans. This study was aimed to determine the genetic characteristics of T. gondii isolates from domestic animals in Henan Province, central China. A total of 363 DNA samples, including 208 from hilar lymph nodes of pigs, 36 from blood samples of cats, 12 from tissues of aborted bovine fetuses and 107 from blood samples of dams with history of abortion in Henan Province, were examined for the presence of T. gondii by nested PCR based on B1 gene. The positive DNA samples were further genotyped by PCR-RFLP at 11 markers, including SAG1, (3'+ 5') SAG2, alt.SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1, and Apico. DNA samples from 9 pigs, 5 cats, and 4 dairy cows were T. gondii B1 gene positive. Nine samples were successfully genotyped at all genetic loci, of which 5 samples from pigs, and 2 from cats were identified as ToxoDB genotype #9, and 2 samples from cows belonged to ToxoDB genotype #225. To our knowledge, the present study is the second report of genetic typing of T. gondii isolates from cattle in China, and the first report of T. gondii ToxoDB#225 from cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- W F Qian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - W C Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - T Q Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - X D Shao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - K Zhai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - L F Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - C C Lv
- PuLike Biological Engineering Co., Ltd, Luoyang, China
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9
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Hubert F, Belacel-Ouari M, Manoury B, Zhai K, Domergue-Dupont V, Mateo P, Joubert F, Fischmeister R, Leblais V. Alteration of vascular reactivity in heart failure: role of phosphodiesterases 3 and 4. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 171:5361-75. [PMID: 25048877 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE This study examined the role of the main vascular cAMP-hydrolysing phosphodiesterases (cAMP-PDE) in the regulation of basal vascular tone and relaxation of rat aorta mediated by β-adrenoceptors, following heart failure (HF). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Twenty-two weeks after proximal aortic stenosis, to induce HF, or SHAM surgery in rats, we evaluated the expression, activity and function of cAMP-PDE in the descending thoracic aorta. KEY RESULTS HF rat aortas exhibited signs of endothelial dysfunction, with alterations of the NO pathway, and alteration of PDE3 and PDE4 subtype expression, without changing total aortic cAMP-hydrolytic activity and PDE1, PDE3 and PDE4 activities. Vascular reactivity experiments using PDE inhibitors showed that PDE3 and PDE4 controlled the level of PGF2α -stimulated contraction in SHAM aorta. PDE3 function was partially inhibited by endothelial NO, whereas PDE4 function required a functional endothelium and was under the negative control of PDE3. In HF, PDE3 function was preserved, but its regulation by endothelial NO was altered. PDE4 function was abolished and restored by PDE3 inhibition. In PGF2α -precontracted arteries, β-adrenoceptor stimulation-induced relaxation in SHAM aorta, which was abolished in the absence of functional endothelium, as well as in HF aortas, but restored after PDE3 inhibition in all unresponsive arteries. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our study underlines the key role of the endothelium in controlling the contribution of smooth muscle PDE to contractile function. In HF, endothelial dysfunction had a major effect on PDE3 function and PDE3 inhibition restored a functional relaxation to β-adrenoceptor stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Hubert
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Inserm UMR-S 769, LabEx LERMIT-DHU TORINO, Châtenay-Malabry, France; Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, Châtenay-Malabry, France; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
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Zhai K, Gao G, Cao W, Zhao L, Fang X, Duan H. Simultaneous HPLC determination of four active compounds in fengshiding capsules, a chinese medicine. Indian J Pharm Sci 2014; 76:445-9. [PMID: 25425759 PMCID: PMC4243262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A high performance liquid chromatography method was established for simultaneously determining four bioactive components, salicin, liquiritin, paeonolum, and imperatorin in Fengshiding capsule, a widely used traditional Chinese medicine for treating rheumatic disease. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Shimadzu Shim-pack Stable Bond C18 column using gradient elution with methanol and water. The analytical method was validated through precision, repeatability and stability, and the relative standard deviation values were less than 3%, respectively. The recoveries of the four investigated compounds ranged from 95.80 to 101.21% with relative standard deviation values less than 3.2%. Then this proposed method was successfully applied to determine six batches of Fengshiding commercial products of capsule dosage form from two pharmaceutical factories. This study might provide a basis for quality control for this traditional Chinese medicine preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Zhai
- Department of Complex Prescrition of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing-210 038, China
| | - G. Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Suzhou University, Suzhou-234 000, China
| | - W. Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Suzhou University, Suzhou-234 000, China
| | - L. Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Suzhou University, Suzhou-234 000, China
| | - X. Fang
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Suzhou University, Suzhou-234 000, China
| | - H. Duan
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Suzhou University, Suzhou-234 000, China,Address for correspondence E-mail:
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Gota H, Tuszewski M, Smirnov A, Korepanov S, Akhmetov T, Ivanov A, Voskoboynikov R, Binderbauer MW, Guo HY, Barnes D, Aefsky S, Brown R, Bui DQ, Clary R, Conroy KD, Deng BH, Dettrick SA, Douglass JD, Garate E, Glass FJ, Gupta D, Gupta S, Kinley JS, Knapp K, Hollins M, Longman A, Li XL, Luo Y, Mendoza R, Mok Y, Necas A, Primavera S, Osin D, Rostoker N, Ruskov E, Schmitz L, Schroeder JH, Sevier L, Sibley A, Song Y, Sun X, Tajima T, Thompson MC, Trask E, Van Drie AD, Walters JK, Wyman MD, Zhai K. A High Performance Field-Reversed Configuration Regime in the C-2 Device. Fusion Science and Technology 2013. [DOI: 10.13182/fst13-a16890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Gota
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - M. Tuszewski
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - A. Smirnov
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - S. Korepanov
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - T. Akhmetov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - A. Ivanov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - R. Voskoboynikov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - M. W. Binderbauer
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - H. Y. Guo
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - D. Barnes
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - S. Aefsky
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - R. Brown
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - D. Q. Bui
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - R. Clary
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - K. D. Conroy
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - B. H. Deng
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - S. A. Dettrick
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - J. D. Douglass
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - E. Garate
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - F. J. Glass
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - D. Gupta
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - S. Gupta
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - J. S. Kinley
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - K. Knapp
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - M. Hollins
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - A. Longman
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - X. L. Li
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - Y. Luo
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - R. Mendoza
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - Y. Mok
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - A. Necas
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - S. Primavera
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - D. Osin
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - N. Rostoker
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - E. Ruskov
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - L. Schmitz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - J. H. Schroeder
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - L. Sevier
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - A. Sibley
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - Y. Song
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - X. Sun
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - T. Tajima
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - M. C. Thompson
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - E. Trask
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - A. D. Van Drie
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - J. K. Walters
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - M. D. Wyman
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - K. Zhai
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
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Canik JM, Anderson DT, Anderson FSB, Likin KM, Talmadge JN, Zhai K. Experimental demonstration of improved neoclassical transport with quasihelical symmetry. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 98:085002. [PMID: 17359105 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.085002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Differences in the electron particle and thermal transport are reported between plasmas produced in a quasihelically symmetric (QHS) magnetic field and a configuration with the symmetry broken. The thermal diffusivity is reduced in the QHS configuration, resulting in higher electron temperatures than in the nonsymmetric configuration for a fixed power input. The density profile in QHS plasmas is centrally peaked, and in the nonsymmetric configuration the core density profile is hollow. The hollow profile is due to neoclassical thermodiffusion, which is reduced in the QHS configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Canik
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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