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Vigeland MD, Flåm ST, Vigeland MD, Espeland A, Zucknick M, Wigemyr M, Bråten LCH, Gjefsen E, Zwart JA, Storheim K, Pedersen LM, Selmer K, Lie BA, Gervin K, The Aim Study Group. Long-Term Use of Amoxicillin Is Associated with Changes in Gene Expression and DNA Methylation in Patients with Low Back Pain and Modic Changes. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1217. [PMID: 37508313 PMCID: PMC10376514 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12071217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term antibiotics are prescribed for a variety of medical conditions, recently including low back pain with Modic changes. The molecular impact of such treatment is unknown. We conducted longitudinal transcriptome and epigenome analyses in patients (n = 100) receiving amoxicillin treatment or placebo for 100 days in the Antibiotics in Modic Changes (AIM) study. Gene expression and DNA methylation were investigated at a genome-wide level at screening, after 100 days of treatment, and at one-year follow-up. We identified intra-individual longitudinal changes in gene expression and DNA methylation in patients receiving amoxicillin, while few changes were observed in patients receiving placebo. After 100 days of amoxicillin treatment, 28 genes were significantly differentially expressed, including the downregulation of 19 immunoglobulin genes. At one-year follow-up, the expression levels were still not completely restored. The significant changes in DNA methylation (n = 4548 CpGs) were mainly increased methylation levels between 100 days and one-year follow-up. Hence, the effects on gene expression occurred predominantly during treatment, while the effects on DNA methylation occurred after treatment. In conclusion, unrecognized side effects of long-term amoxicillin treatment were revealed, as alterations were observed in both gene expression and DNA methylation that lasted long after the end of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dehli Vigeland
- Department of Research, Innovation and Education, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0313 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Siri Tennebø Flåm
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Magnus Dehli Vigeland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0313 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ansgar Espeland
- Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Manuela Zucknick
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oslo, 0313 Oslo, Norway
| | - Monica Wigemyr
- Department of Research, Innovation and Education, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Christian Haugli Bråten
- Department of Research, Innovation and Education, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Elisabeth Gjefsen
- Department of Research, Innovation and Education, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0313 Oslo, Norway
| | - John-Anker Zwart
- Department of Research, Innovation and Education, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0313 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjersti Storheim
- Department of Research, Innovation and Education, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Physiotherapy, Oslo Metropolitan University, 0167 Oslo, Norway
| | - Linda Margareth Pedersen
- Department of Research, Innovation and Education, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Physiotherapy, Oslo Metropolitan University, 0167 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kaja Selmer
- Department of Research, Innovation and Education, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0313 Oslo, Norway
- National Center for Epilepsy, Oslo University Hospital, 1337 Sandvika, Norway
| | - Benedicte Alexandra Lie
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0313 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristina Gervin
- Department of Research, Innovation and Education, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, 0313 Oslo, Norway
| | - The Aim Study Group
- Department of Research, Innovation and Education, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
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Husebye ESN, Romanowska J, Bjørke-Monsen AL, Gilhus NE, Selmer K, Gervin K, Riedel B, Bjørk MH. Does maternal genetic liability to folate deficiency influence the risk of antiseizure medication-associated language impairment and autistic traits in children of women with epilepsy? Am J Clin Nutr 2023:S0002-9165(23)63922-X. [PMID: 37217097 PMCID: PMC10375495 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposure to antiseizure medication (ASM) may lead to low plasma folate concentrations and is associated with impaired neurodevelopment. OBJECTIVE To examine whether maternal genetic liability to folate deficiency interacts with ASM-associated risk of language impairment and autistic traits in children of women with epilepsy. METHODS We included children of women with and without epilepsy and with available genetic data enrolled in the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). Information on ASM use, folic acid supplement use and dose, dietary folate intake, child autistic traits, and child language impairment was obtained from parent-reported questionnaires. Using logistic regression, we examined the interaction between prenatal ASM exposure and maternal genetic liability to folate deficiency expressed as polygenic risk score (PRS) of low folate concentrations or maternal rs1801133 genotype (CC or CT/TT) on risk of language impairment or autistic traits. RESULTS We included 96 children of women with ASM-treated epilepsy, 131 children of women with ASM-untreated epilepsy, and 37,249 children of women without epilepsy. The PRS of low folate concentrations or the maternal rs1801133 genotype did not interact with the ASM-associated risk of language impairment or autistic traits in ASM-exposed children of women with epilepsy compared to ASM-unexposed children aged 1.5-8 years. ASM-exposed children had increased risk of adverse neurodevelopment regardless of maternal rs1801133 genotype (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for language impairment age 8 years was 2.88 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00-8.26) if CC and aOR 2.88 (CI 1.10-7.53) if CT/TT genotypes). In children of women without epilepsy aged 3 years, those with maternal rs1801133 CT/TT compared to CC genotype had increased risk of language impairment (aOR 1.18, CI 1.05-1.34). CONCLUSIONS In this cohort of pregnant women reporting widespread use of folic acid supplements, maternal genetic liability to folate deficiency did not significantly influence the ASM-associated risk of impaired neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Romanowska
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Anne-Lise Bjørke-Monsen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Nils Erik Gilhus
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kaja Selmer
- National Center for Epilepsy, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo; Department of Research and Innovation, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo
| | - Kristina Gervin
- Department of Research and Innovation, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo; Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo
| | - Bettina Riedel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marte Helene Bjørk
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Syvertsen M, Koht J, Selmer K, Enger U, Pal DK, Smith A. Trait impulsivity correlates with active myoclonic seizures in genetic generalized epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2020; 112:107260. [PMID: 32745958 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is a common subtype of genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE) arising in adolescence and is often associated with executive function (EF) deficits. Some EF components like response inhibition have been extensively evaluated in JME, but few studies have focused upon trait impulsivity or compared between GGE subtypes. The aim of the present study was to compare the association of trait impulsivity in JME with other GGE subtypes. METHODS Patients with GGE aged between 14 and 40 years (n = 137) were divided into those with JME (n = 92) and those with other GGEs (n = 45: 8 childhood absence epilepsy (CAE), 22 juvenile absence epilepsy (JAE), and 15 epilepsy with generalized tonic-clonic seizures only (EGTCS)). The study participants were recruited through medical records of the general population of Buskerud County and the neighboring municipalities, covering 477,000 people or 9.1% of Norway's total population. All participants underwent a clinical interview including the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), an established measure of trait impulsivity. We controlled for other potential predictors of BIS score using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). RESULTS There were no differences between JME and other types of GGE for BIS scores, but the presence of myoclonic seizures within the last year, irrespective of GGE subtype, was independently associated with significantly increased behavioral impulsivity. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that trait impulsivity in GGE is most strongly related to the recent occurrence of myoclonic seizures rather than GGE subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marte Syvertsen
- Department of Neurology, Drammen Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jeanette Koht
- Department of Neurology, Drammen Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kaja Selmer
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Research and Innovation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; National Center for Epilepsy, Oslo University Hospital, Sandvika, Norway
| | - Ulla Enger
- Department of Neurology, Drammen Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Norway
| | - Deb K Pal
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Anna Smith
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Iannone LF, Preda A, Blottière HM, Clarke G, Albani D, Belcastro V, Carotenuto M, Cattaneo A, Citraro R, Ferraris C, Ronchi F, Luongo G, Santocchi E, Guiducci L, Baldelli P, Iannetti P, Pedersen S, Petretto A, Provasi S, Selmer K, Spalice A, Tagliabue A, Verrotti A, Segata N, Zimmermann J, Minetti C, Mainardi P, Giordano C, Sisodiya S, Zara F, Russo E, Striano P. Microbiota-gut brain axis involvement in neuropsychiatric disorders. Expert Rev Neurother 2019; 19:1037-1050. [PMID: 31260640 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2019.1638763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The microbiota-gut brain (MGB) axis is the bidirectional communication between the intestinal microbiota and the brain. An increasing body of preclinical and clinical evidence has revealed that the gut microbial ecosystem can affect neuropsychiatric health. However, there is still a need of further studies to elucidate the complex gene-environment interactions and the role of the MGB axis in neuropsychiatric diseases, with the aim of identifying biomarkers and new therapeutic targets, to allow early diagnosis and improving treatments. Areas covered: To review the role of MGB axis in neuropsychiatric disorders, prediction and prevention of disease through exploitation, integration, and combination of data from existing gut microbiome/microbiota projects and appropriate other International '-Omics' studies. The authors also evaluated the new technological advances to investigate and modulate, through nutritional and other interventions, the gut microbiota. Expert opinion: The clinical studies have documented an association between alterations in gut microbiota composition and/or function, whereas the preclinical studies support a role for the gut microbiota in impacting behaviors which are of relevance to psychiatry and other central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Targeting MGB axis could be an additional approach for treating CNS disorders and all conditions in which alterations of the gut microbiota are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Francesco Iannone
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro , Catanzaro , Italy
| | - Alberto Preda
- Paediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, "G. Gaslini" Institute , Genova , Italy
| | - Hervé M Blottière
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, JouyenJosas&MetaGenoPolis, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay , Jouyen Josas , France
| | - Gerard Clarke
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, School of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork , Cork , Ireland
| | - Diego Albani
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri , Milan , Italy
| | | | - Marco Carotenuto
- Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Department of Mental Health, Physical and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli' , Napoli , Italy
| | - Annamaria Cattaneo
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli , Brescia , Italy.,Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry , King's College , London
| | - Rita Citraro
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro , Catanzaro , Italy
| | - Cinzia Ferraris
- Human Nutrition and Eating Disorder Research Center, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Francesca Ronchi
- Department forBiomedical Research, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Gaia Luongo
- Ordine dei Tecnologi Alimentari Campania e Lazio , Napoli , Italy
| | | | - Letizia Guiducci
- National Research Council, Institute of Clinical Physiology , Pisa , Italy
| | - Pietro Baldelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Physiology, University of Genova , Genova , Italy
| | - Paola Iannetti
- Department of Pediatrics`, "Sapienza" University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Sigrid Pedersen
- Department of Refractory Epilepsy, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | - Andrea Petretto
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry - Core Facilities, Istituto Giannina Gaslini , Genova , Italy
| | - Stefania Provasi
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli , Brescia , Italy
| | - Kaja Selmer
- Department of Research and Development, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Osla, Norway and Department of Refractory Epilepsy, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital , Osla , Norway
| | - Alberto Spalice
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Physiology, University of Genova , Genova , Italy
| | - Anna Tagliabue
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry , King's College , London
| | - Alberto Verrotti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of L'Aquila , L'Aquila , Italy
| | - Nicola Segata
- Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento , Trento , Italy
| | - Jakob Zimmermann
- Human Nutrition and Eating Disorder Research Center, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Carlo Minetti
- Paediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, "G. Gaslini" Institute , Genova , Italy
| | | | - Carmen Giordano
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano , Milano , Italy
| | - Sanjay Sisodiya
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology , Queen Square, London , UK
| | - Federico Zara
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Istituto Giannina Gaslini , Genova , Italy
| | - Emilio Russo
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro , Catanzaro , Italy
| | - Pasquale Striano
- Paediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, "G. Gaslini" Institute , Genova , Italy
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Syvertsen M, Selmer K, Enger U, Nakken KO, Pal DK, Smith A, Koht J. Psychosocial complications in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2019; 90:122-128. [PMID: 30530133 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2018.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) constitutes about 10% of all epilepsies. Because of executive dysfunction, people with JME may be prone to impulsivity and risk-taking behavior. Our aim was to investigate whether psychosocial issues associated with impulsivity are more prominent in people with JME than in those with other types of genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE). Patients with GGE were recruited retrospectively through the Drammen Hospital records in Buskerud County, Norway, 1999-2013. They were invited to a semi-structured interview, either at the hospital or at home. Ninety-two patients with JME and 45 with other types of GGE were interviewed. Variables were evaluated in terms of their association with JME versus other GGE diagnosis using a logistic regression model. Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy was associated with use of illicit recreational drugs and police charges, although with borderline significance (odds ratio [OR] 3.4, p = 0.087 and OR 4.2, p = 0.095); JME was also associated with being examined for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in females (OR 15.5, p = 0.015), a biological parent with challenges like addiction or violent behavior (OR 3.5, p = 0.032), and use of levetiracetam (OR 5.1, p = 0.014). After controlling for group differences, we found psychosocial complications to be associated with JME, potentially influencing the lives of the individuals and their families to a greater extent than the seizures per se. Thus, JME should be considered a disorder of the brain in a broader sense than a condition with seizures only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marte Syvertsen
- Department of Neurology, Drammen Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Kaja Selmer
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; National Center for Epilepsy, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulla Enger
- Department of Neurology, Drammen Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
| | - Karl O Nakken
- National Center for Epilepsy, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Deb K Pal
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Smith
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jeanette Koht
- Department of Neurology, Drammen Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Carvill GL, Engel KL, Ramamurthy A, Cochran JN, Roovers J, Stamberger H, Lim N, Schneider AL, Hollingsworth G, Holder DH, Regan BM, Lawlor J, Lagae L, Ceulemans B, Bebin EM, Nguyen J, Barsh GS, Weckhuysen S, Meisler M, Berkovic SF, De Jonghe P, Scheffer IE, Myers RM, Cooper GM, Mefford HC, Striano P, Zara F, Helbig I, Møller RS, von Spiczak S, Muhle H, Caglayan H, Sterbova K, Craiu D, Hoffman D, Lehesjoki AE, Selmer K, Depienne C, Lemke J, Marini C, Guerrini R, Neubauer B, Talvik T, Leguern E, de Jonghe P, Weckhuysen S. Aberrant Inclusion of a Poison Exon Causes Dravet Syndrome and Related SCN1A-Associated Genetic Epilepsies. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 103:1022-1029. [PMID: 30526861 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) are a group of severe epilepsies characterized by refractory seizures and developmental impairment. Sequencing approaches have identified causal genetic variants in only about 50% of individuals with DEEs.1-3 This suggests that unknown genetic etiologies exist, potentially in the ∼98% of human genomes not covered by exome sequencing (ES). Here we describe seven likely pathogenic variants in regions outside of the annotated coding exons of the most frequently implicated epilepsy gene, SCN1A, encoding the alpha-1 sodium channel subunit. We provide evidence that five of these variants promote inclusion of a "poison" exon that leads to reduced amounts of full-length SCN1A protein. This mechanism is likely to be broadly relevant to human disease; transcriptome studies have revealed hundreds of poison exons,4,5 including some present within genes encoding other sodium channels and in genes involved in neurodevelopment more broadly.6 Future research on the mechanisms that govern neuronal-specific splicing behavior might allow researchers to co-opt this system for RNA therapeutics.
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Bjørgo K, Fjær R, Mørk HH, Ferdinandusse S, Falkenberg KD, Waterham HR, Øye AM, Sikiric A, Amundsen SS, Kulseth MA, Selmer K. Biochemical and genetic characterization of an unusual mild PEX3-related Zellweger spectrum disorder. Mol Genet Metab 2017; 121:325-328. [PMID: 28673549 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Patients with PEX3 mutations usually present with a severe form of Zellweger spectrum disorder with death in the first year of life. Whole exome sequencing in adult siblings with intellectual disability revealed a homozygous variant in PEX3 that abolishes the normal splice site. A cryptic acceptor splice site is activated and an in-frame transcript with a deletion is produced. This transcript translates into a protein with residual activity explaining the relatively mild peroxisomal abnormalities and clinical phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrine Bjørgo
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, P.B 4956 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Roar Fjær
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, P.B 4956 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Hanne Håberg Mørk
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, P.B 4956 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Sacha Ferdinandusse
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Kim D Falkenberg
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Hans R Waterham
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Ane-Marte Øye
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, P.B 4956 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Alma Sikiric
- Department of Neurohabilitation, Oslo University Hospital, P.B 4956 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
| | | | - Mari Ann Kulseth
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, P.B 4956 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Kaja Selmer
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, P.B 4956 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
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Lund C, Bremer A, Lossius M, Selmer K, Brodtkorb E, Nakken K. Dravets syndrom som årsak til epilepsi og utviklingshemning. Tidsskriftet 2012; 132:44-7. [DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.11.0539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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