1
|
Shim KH, Choi KB, Kim WB, Yang SW, Kim DK, Choo MS, Chung DY, Jung HD, Lee SW, Kim BS, Jeon SH, Kang SH, Paick S, Lee JY. Urolithiasis in Kidney Transplant Patients: A Multicenter KSER Research Series. Medicina (Kaunas) 2024; 60:132. [PMID: 38256393 PMCID: PMC10819323 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60010132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Urolithiasis occurrence is uncommon in kidney transplantation patients, though it has serious implications, including acute kidney injury in the transplanted kidney. This study investigates the leading causes of urolithiasis in kidney transplantation patients, the diagnostic process, and the outcomes of multimodal management. Materials and Methods: Data collection spanned from January 1997 to December 2021, involving kidney transplantation patients with urolithiasis from the database of the Korean Society of Endourology and Robotics (KSER) research committee. Analysis encompassed factors triggering urolithiasis, the diagnostic process, stone attributes, treatment methods, and outcomes. Results: Our analysis included 58 kidney transplantation patients with urolithiasis from eight medical centers. Of these patients, 37 were male and 4 had previous urolithiasis diagnoses. The mean age was 59.09 ± 10.70 years, with a mean duration from kidney transplantation to diagnosis of 76.26 ± 183.14 months. The most frequent method of stone detection was through asymptomatic routine check-ups (54.7%). Among the 58 patients, 51 underwent stone treatment. Notably, 95.3% of patients with ureter stones received treatment, a significantly higher rate than the 66.7% of patients with renal stones (p = 0.010). Success rates showed no significant differences between renal (70%) and ureter stone (78.0%) groups (p = 0.881). Conclusions: Urolithiasis in transplanted kidneys constitutes an acute condition requiring emergency intervention. Endo-urological interventions are effective for kidney transplantation patients with urolithiasis. To ensure prevention and early detection, diligent follow-up and routine imaging tests are necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Hee Shim
- Department of Urology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kwi Bok Choi
- Department of Urology, National Police Hospital, Seoul 05715, Republic of Korea;
| | - Woong Bin Kim
- Department of Urology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon 14584, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seung Woo Yang
- Department of Urology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Urology, U-well Urology Clinic, Daejeon 35233, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Kyung Kim
- Department of Urology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04401, Republic of Korea;
| | - Min Soo Choo
- Department of Urology, Seoul Metropolitan Government, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, Republic of Korea;
| | - Doo Yong Chung
- Department of Urology, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hae Do Jung
- Department of Urology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang 10380, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sin Woo Lee
- Department of Urology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul 02053, Republic of Korea;
| | - Bum Soo Kim
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seung Hyun Jeon
- Department of Urology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seok Ho Kang
- Department of Urology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sunghyun Paick
- Department of Urology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Yong Lee
- Department of Urology, Severance Hospital, Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center of Evidence Based Medicine, Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shim KH, Choo SH, Park SG, Yoo HJ, Choi JB. Survey on disease insight and prevalence of urinary incontinence in women. Investig Clin Urol 2021; 62:577-583. [PMID: 34488252 PMCID: PMC8421990 DOI: 10.4111/icu.20210019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose With a rapidly aging population in Korea, the number of patients with lower urinary tract symptoms is increasing. Therefore, it is important to determine the current extent of incontinence among Korean women to establish future plans. We attempted to create reference materials for organizing public relations and educational activities by investigating the effect of age on incontinence and quality of life in women. Materials and Methods The participants comprised women aged 30 years and older who visited a tertiary center for health screening from September 1 to October 31, 2016. The survey included a questionnaire consisting of 12 questions that took approximately 10 minutes to complete. We analyzed the responses and assessed the prevalence of the disease and its rate of recognition. Results A total of 509 women completed the survey. Irrespective of age, 76.8% of all respondents were aware of urinary incontinence (UI) and 57.4% of the women exhibited lower urinary tract symptoms. The most prevalent symptom was UI (45.8%), and the incidence rates of stress and urge UI were identified as 33.6% and 12.2%, respectively. Only 8.0% of the women had visited a hospital; 38.3% had awaited spontaneous symptom improvement. Many participants (61.2%) answered that a urology clinic is suitable for treating UI, while 58.9% chose a gynecology clinic. Conclusions Our study showed that more than 75% of women are aware of UI, but their perception of the disease mechanism and treatment options was low. We suggest that continuous education and publicity are necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Hee Shim
- Department of Urology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Seol Ho Choo
- Department of Urology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sung Gon Park
- Department of Urology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hee Jae Yoo
- Department of Urology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jong Bo Choi
- Department of Urology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Park SG, Shim KH, Choo SH, Kim SJ, Kim SI. The presence of prostate-specific antigen checked more than 1 year before diagnostic biopsy is an independent prognostic factor in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. Investig Clin Urol 2021; 62:438-446. [PMID: 34085793 PMCID: PMC8246017 DOI: 10.4111/icu.20200545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In large scale prospective studies, prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-screening not only decreased prostate cancer mortality, but also reduced biochemical recurrence (BCR) in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP). We investigated the independent effect of the presence of PSA checked more than 1 year before diagnostic biopsy on the prognosis of patients undergoing RP in a real world setting without PSA-screening. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed the database of patients undergoing RP at Ajou University Hospital from March 1999 to May 2018. Clinicopathological features assessed were age, presence of lower urinary tract symptoms at presentation, presence of PSA checked over 1 year before biopsy, presence of PSA checked within 4 to 1 years of biopsy, last pre-biopsy PSA (pPSA), biopsy grade group (bGG), cT, cN, percentage of positive biopsy cores (PPBC), pathological GG (pGG), pT, pN, surgical margin, and index tumor diameter. The primary endpoint was BCR-free survival (BCRFS). RESULTS Of 598 patients enrolled, 211 experienced BCR at the mean follow-up of 64±37 months. The 5-year and 10-year BCRFS were 62.8% and 53.9%, respectively. In multivariate analyses including clinical variables only, pPSA, bGG, cT, PPBC, and PSA within 4 to 1 years of biopsy independently affected BCRFS. In multivariate analyses including pathological variables only, pPSA, pGG, pT, pN, PSA checked over 1 year before biopsy and PSA checked within 4 to 1 years of biopsy independently affected BCRFS. CONCLUSIONS Patients who has checked PSA at least once beyond 1 year before diagnosis of prostate cancer show better BCRFS regardless of other factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Gon Park
- Department of Urology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Kang Hee Shim
- Department of Urology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Seol Ho Choo
- Department of Urology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Se Joong Kim
- Department of Urology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sun Il Kim
- Department of Urology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shim KH, Kwon JE, Park SG, Choo SH, Kim SJ, Kim SI. Cell membrane and nuclear expression of programmed death ligand-1 in prostate needle biopsy tissue in prostate cancer patients undergoing primary radiation therapy. Urol Oncol 2021; 39:298.e13-298.e20. [PMID: 33712343 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2021.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression in cancer is often associated with cancer aggressiveness and responsiveness to treatment with PD-1 pathway inhibitors. We conducted a systematic study on the expression of membranous PD-L1 (mPD-L1) and nuclear PD-1-L1 (nPD-L1) in prostate needle biopsy specimens of prostate cancer patients who underwent primary radiotherapy and analyzed the association between PD-L1 expression and clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of patients. METHOD A total of 971 cancer-containing prostate needle biopsy cores from 172 patients were immunohistochemically stained with anti-PD-L1 antibody. The association of PD-L1 expression with Gleason score and tumor volume percentage was evaluated for each biopsy core. Total of 171 patients were divided according to mPD-L1 or nPD-L1 expression, and clinicopathological characteristics were compared between the positive and negative groups. The prognostic significance of mPD-L1, nPD-L1 and common prognostic factors were analyzed in terms of biochemical recurrence. RESULT Total of 15% and 46% of biopsy cores were stained positive for mPD-L1 and nPD-L1, respectively. There was a positive correlation between Gleason score and mPD-L1 and a negative correlation between Gleason score and nPD-L1. Between mPD-L1 and nPD-L1, there was no significant correlation. There was intraindividual heterogeneity in PD-L1 expression among different Gleason scores. For mPD-L1, only pretreatment PSA was significantly higher in the positive group than in the negative, but not Gleason score and T stage. For nPD-L1, Gleason score and T stage were significantly higher in the positive group than in the negative. Both mPD-L1 and nPD-L1 expression were not predictive of BCR-free survival in univariate and multivariate analyses. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that PD-1 pathway inhibitor may be a potential therapeutic option in high risk prostate cancer patients as early as neoadjuvant setting. The novel discovery of PD-L1 expression in the nucleus of PC should be subjected to further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Hee Shim
- Department of Urology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Ji Eun Kwon
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sung Gon Park
- Department of Urology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Seol Ho Choo
- Department of Urology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Se Joong Kim
- Department of Urology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sun Il Kim
- Department of Urology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cho DS, Choo SH, Kim SJ, Shim KH, Park SG, Kim SI. Postoperative membranous urethral length is the single most important surgical factor predicting recovery of postoperative urinary continence. Urol Oncol 2020; 38:930.e7-930.e12. [PMID: 32900623 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2020.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the potential surgical factors affecting postoperative urinary continence, including postoperative membranous urethral length (MUL), in an era where open radical prostatectomy (ORP) and robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) coexist. METHODS Consecutive patients undergoing either ORP or RARP between April 2009 and June 2017 were included in this study. Pericatheter urethrography (PCU) was performed the day of catheter removal to confirm healing of the vesicourethral anastomosis and to measure PCU-MUL. Daily usage of incontinence pad was self-reported by the patient at each post-operative visit through a questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors that influenced recovery of continence. RESULTS Of the 196 patients included, 121 and 75 patients received ORP and RARP, respectively. The cumulative full continence rates (0 pad/day) at 1 year in the ORP and RARP groups were 87% and 95%, respectively. In the univariate analysis, older age, high preoperative International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) irritative symptom domain, ORP, poorer NVB preservation, and shorter PCU-MUL were associated with delayed recovery of full continence. In the multivariate analysis, only older age, high preoperative IPSS irritative symptom domain, and shorter PCU-MUL remained as independent factors significantly associated with delayed recovery of full continence. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the importance of saving the MUL as long as possible in terms of continence recovery. This holds true for ORP even in the era of RARP and surgeons should not simply give up the prospect of early urinary continence in exchange for the patient's choice of ORP instead of RARP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dae Sung Cho
- Department of Urology, Bundang Jesaeng General Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Seol Ho Choo
- Department of Urology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Se Joong Kim
- Department of Urology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Kang Hee Shim
- Department of Urology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sung Gon Park
- Department of Urology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sun Il Kim
- Department of Urology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kim TW, Lee JH, Shim KH, Choo SH, Choi JB, Ahn HS, Kim SJ, Kim SI. Prognostic significance of preoperative and follow-up neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio in patients with non-metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Investig Clin Urol 2018; 60:14-20. [PMID: 30637356 PMCID: PMC6318207 DOI: 10.4111/icu.2019.60.1.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the significance of preoperative and follow-up neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) as prognostic factors for recurrence in patients with non-metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (NMCCRCC). Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 309 patients with NMCCRCC who underwent radical or partial nephrectomy. The prognostic significance of various clinicopathological variables, preoperative NLR (pNLR) and PLR (pPLR), and NLR and PLR at recurrence or quasi-recurrence (rNLR and rPLR) for recurrence-free survival (RFS) was analyzed. Results At mean follow-up of 93 months, 44 patients (14.2%) developed recurrence. In the univariate analysis, clinical presentation, tumor size, pathologic tumor stage, Fuhrman grade, pNLR, pPLR and rNLR were significant prognostic factors for RFS. In the multivariate analysis using pNLR and pPLR as continuous variables, tumor size, pathologic tumor stage and pPLR were independent prognostic factors for RFS. In the multivariate analysis using pNLR and pPLR as dichotomous variables, tumor size, pathologic tumor stage, Fuhrman grade and pNLR ≥1.7 were independent prognostic factors for RFS. In multivariate analyses using rNLR and rPLR, only tumor size and pathologic tumor stage were independent prognostic factors for RFS. In a subset of patients with recurrence or at least 42 months follow-up without recurrence, rNLR ≥1.9 was significantly associated with worse RFS, albeit without independent significance. Conclusions pNLR and pPLR are independent prognostic factors for RFS in patients with NMCCRCC. We propose that postoperative follow-up NLR of 1.9 and higher with one or more adverse clinicopathological factors should prompt radiologic evaluation for possible metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Woo Kim
- Department of Urology, Ajou University Hospital, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Lee
- Department of Urology, Ajou University Hospital, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Kang Hee Shim
- Department of Urology, Ajou University Hospital, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Seol Ho Choo
- Department of Urology, Ajou University Hospital, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jong Bo Choi
- Department of Urology, Ajou University Hospital, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Ahn
- Department of Urology, Ajou University Hospital, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Se Joong Kim
- Department of Urology, Ajou University Hospital, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sun Il Kim
- Department of Urology, Ajou University Hospital, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ahn HS, Kim SJ, Choi JB, Choo SH, Shim KH, Kim SI. Long-term cost comparison between surgical and medical therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia: a study using hospital billing data. BJU Int 2018; 123:E79-E85. [PMID: 30303597 DOI: 10.1111/bju.14584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyse actual long-term medical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and compare the incurred cost with that of patients with BPH who underwent early surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients who were first diagnosed with BPH from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2010 were identified using the Clinical Data Warehouse. Hospital billing data generated by the electronic hospital management system were collected until December 2015. For outpatient care, only procedures, materials and drugs directly related to the management of BPH were selected for the analysis. For inpatient care, all procedures, materials and drugs ordered on dates with continuity with BPH surgery date were included. The primary endpoint of the study was the total treatment-related direct costs of patients undergoing a long-term curative medical therapy for BPH (Group 1), which was arbitrarily defined as any medical therapy including a 5α-reductase inhibitor with a minimum medication possession ratio of 0.5 during ≥5 consecutive years, or ≥1 year until BPH surgery due to medical therapy failure. In all, 70 patients who underwent BPH surgery at <1 year of initial visit served as controls (Group 2). RESULTS Amongst 137 patients in the Group 1, four patients underwent BPH surgery at a median of 57.8 months after the initial visit (2.9%). At a median follow-up of 76 months, the mean total treatment cost was significantly higher in Group 1 than in Group 2 ($3987 vs $3036 [USA dollars], P < 0.001). Similarly, the mean 'out-of-pocket' cost was significantly higher in Group 1 than in Group 2 ($1742 vs $1436, P = 0.005). When a linear increment of annual BPH treatment cost is assumed for Group 1 and all costs are assumed to be produced within the first year for Group 2, the total and out-of-pocket costs became equal at the end of the fifth year of medical treatment. For both total and out-of-pocket costs, medication-related costs occupied the largest proportion, exceeding half of the costs. CONCLUSIONS We suggest patient counselling at the beginning of BPH treatment should include the likelihood that the cumulative out-of-pocket cost at 5 years of continuous medication will exceed that of early surgery. Our cost study using hospital billing data extractable from the electronic hospital management system may be a good model for cost studies that could provide valuable information to health providers and payers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Soo Ahn
- Department of Urology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Se Joong Kim
- Department of Urology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jong Bo Choi
- Department of Urology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Seol Ho Choo
- Department of Urology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Kang Hee Shim
- Department of Urology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sun Il Kim
- Department of Urology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shim KH, Kim TW, Chung BH, Lee SW, Park JK, Park K, Cheon J, Lee KS, Kim HJ, Seong DH, Oh SJ, Kim SW, Lee JY, Choo SH, Choi JB. Changes in autonomic nervous system activity after treatment with alpha-blocker in men with lower urinary tract symptoms. Investig Clin Urol 2018; 59:49-54. [PMID: 29333515 PMCID: PMC5754583 DOI: 10.4111/icu.2018.59.1.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine changes in autonomic nervous system activity after treatment in men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), we evaluated changes in patients' symptoms, uroflowmetry, and heart rate variability (HRV) after treatment with alpha-blockers for 12 weeks. Materials and Methods Ninety-five men who had LUTS (International Prostate Symptom Score [IPSS] ≥8) were included in this study. We divided them into two groups on the basis of a low frequency/high frequency (LF/HF) ratio of 1.6. After treatment with Xatral XL (Handok Inc., Korea) 10 mg for 3 months, we rechecked their IPSS, uroflowmetry, HRV and compared these with the baseline measurements. Results Fifty-four men were assigned to the low LF/HF group (group A: LF/HF ≤1.6) and 41 men to the high LF/HF group (group B: LF/HF >1.6). At baseline and 12 weeks, none of the parameters differed significantly between the groups except for HF, which is one of the parameters of HRV. IPSS, the IPSS-voiding subscore, and the IPSS-storage subscore decreased and maximal uroflow increased significantly after 12 weeks of treatment. Whereas the baseline LF/HF ratio increased from 0.89±0.407 to 1.80±1.804 after treatment in group A, it decreased from 3.93±5.471 to 1.79±1.153 in group B. Conclusions The efficacies of Xatral XL were clear in both groups. We found that the LF/HF ratio in the two groups merged to a value of approximately 1.79 after treatment. We suggest that this could be a clue to the importance of balance in autonomic nervous system activity in men with LUTS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Hee Shim
- Department of Urology, Ajou University College of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Tae Woo Kim
- Department of Urology, Ajou University College of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Byung Ha Chung
- Department of Urology and Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Won Lee
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Kwan Park
- Department of Urology, Chonbuk National University School of Medicine, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Kwangsung Park
- Department of Urology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jun Cheon
- Department of Urology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Seop Lee
- Department of Urology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, Korea
| | - Hyung-Jee Kim
- Department of Urology, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Do-Hwan Seong
- Department of Urology, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Seung-June Oh
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sae Woong Kim
- Department of Urology, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Youl Lee
- Department of Urology, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seol Ho Choo
- Department of Urology, Ajou University College of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jong Bo Choi
- Department of Urology, Ajou University College of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
The pigment melanin in human skin is a major defense mechanism against ultraviolet light of the sun, but darkened skin color, which is the result of increased and redistributed epidermal melanin, could be a serious aesthetic problem. Epidemiologically, it is well known that the consumption of green tea may help prevent cancers in humans and also reduce several free radicals including peroxynitrite. In the present study, to assess the efficacy of the inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase (monophenol monooxygenase EC 1.14.18.1), ten kinds of Korean traditional teas were screened for their tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Green tea was the strongest inhibitor, and the major active constituents in the tea are (-)-epicatechin 3-O-gallate (ECG), (-)-gallocatechin 3-O-gallate (GCG), and (-)-epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate (EGCG). All are catechins with gallic acid group as an active site. The kinetic analysis for inhibition of tyrosinase revealed a competitive nature of GCG with this enzyme for the L-tyrosine binding at the active site of tyrosinase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J K No
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Drug Development, Pusan National University, Kumjung-Gu, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
To investigate the role of cyclooxygenase (COX) as a mediator for prostaglandin synthesis in relation to generation of reactive oxidant species (ROS), we quantitated the COX-derived ROS generation and the gene expression of COX-2, an inducible form of COX in aged kidney. In addition, the modulation by dietary restriction was investigated. COX-derived ROS generation increased with age in ad libitum (AL) rats, but dietary restriction (DR) suppressed the level. The amounts of COX-2 protein and mRNA increased with age in AL rats but maintained at low levels in DR group. It was found that the binding characteristics of a nuclear transcription factor, NF-kappaB were altered by aging. The binding activity of NF-kappaB in aged kidney was significantly enhanced with the corresponding increase in mRNA and protein levels. These increases were closely in parallel to the increased ROS generation and gene expression of COX-2. The COX activity shown by NF-kappaB activation and the ROS generation by COX-mediated process were all modulated by DR. Our results suggest that the upregulation of COX-2 during aging may play an important role in many age-related diseases associated with aging process. And this upregulation was attenuated by DR. We propose that the modulation of the redox-sensitive transcription factor may well be a part of the mechanisms underpinning the anti-oxidative action of DR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Y Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, South Korea.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chung HY, Baek BS, Song SH, Kim MS, Huh JI, Shim KH, Kim KW, Lee KH. Xanthine dehydrogenase/xanthine oxidase and oxidative stress. Age (Omaha) 1997; 20:127-40. [PMID: 23604305 PMCID: PMC3455892 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-997-0012-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) and xanthine oxidase (XOD) are single-gene products that exist in separate but interconvertible forms. XOD utilizes hypoxanthine or xanthine as a substrate and O2 as a cofactor to produce superoxide (·O2 (-)) and uric acid. XDH acts on these same substrates but utilizes NAD as a cofactor to produce NADH instead of ·O2 (-) and uric acid. XOD has been proposed as a source of oxygen radicals in polymorphonuclear, endothelial, epithelial, and connective tissue cells. However, several questions remain about the physiological significance and functions of XOD on aging and oxidative stress. XOD is reported to play an important role in cellular oxidative status, detoxification of aldehydes, oxidative injury in ischemia-reperfusion, and neutrophil mediation. For example, XOD may serve as a messenger or mediator in the activation of neutrophil, T cell, cytokines, or transcription in defense mechanisms rather than as a free radical generator of tissue damage. Emerging evidence on the synergistic interactions of ·O2 (-), a toxic product of XOD and nitric oxide, may be another illustration of XOD involvement in tissue injury and cytotoxicity in an emergent condition such as ischemia or inflammation.
Collapse
|
12
|
Otsuka AJ, Franco R, Yang B, Shim KH, Tang LZ, Zhang YY, Boontrakulpoontawee P, Jeyaprakash A, Hedgecock E, Wheaton VI. An ankyrin-related gene (unc-44) is necessary for proper axonal guidance in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Cell Biol 1995; 129:1081-92. [PMID: 7744957 PMCID: PMC2120500 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.129.4.1081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans unc-44 mutations result in aberrant axon guidance and fasciculation with inappropriate partners. The unc-44 gene was cloned by transposon tagging, and verified by genetic and molecular analyses of six transposon-induced alleles and their revertants. Nucleotide sequence analyses demonstrated that unc-44 encodes a series of putative ankyrin-related proteins, including AO49 ankyrin (1815 aa, 198.8 kD), AO66 ankyrin (1867 aa, 204 kD), and AO13 ankyrin (< or = 4700 aa, < or = 517 kD). In addition to the major set of approximately 6 kb alternatively spliced transcripts, minor transcripts were observed at approximately 3, 5, 7, and 14 kb. Evidence is provided that mutations in the approximately 14-kb AO13 ankyrin transcript are responsible for the neuronal defects. These molecular studies provide the first evidence that ankyrin-related molecules are required for axonal guidance.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Ankyrins/genetics
- Ankyrins/physiology
- Axons/physiology
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Southern
- Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Genes, Helminth/genetics
- Intercellular Junctions/physiology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutagenesis, Insertional
- Nervous System/embryology
- Neurons
- Protein Binding
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid/genetics
- Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Spectrin/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A J Otsuka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal 61790-4120, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|