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Venkatraman G, Mohan PS, Mashghan MM, Wong KC, Abdul-Rahman PS, Vellasamy KM, Hirad AH, Alarfaj AA, Wang S. Phyto-fabricated ZnO nanoparticles for anticancer, photo-antimicrobial effect on carbapenem-resistant/sensitive Pseudomonas aeruginosa and removal of tetracycline. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2024:10.1007/s00449-024-02984-8. [PMID: 38491194 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-024-02984-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Alternanthera sessilis (AS) leaf extract was used to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs). Bioanalytical characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) confirmed the formation of crystalline ZnO NPs with average sizes of 40 nm. The AS-ZnO NPs antimicrobial activity was analyzed under dark (D) and white light (WL) conditions. The improved antimicrobial activity was observed against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis at the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 125 and 62.5 µg/mL under WL than the D at 125 and 250 µg/mL for E. coli, B. subtilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively. In contrast, the growth of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus was not completely inhibited until 1 mg/mL AS-ZnO NPs under WL and D. Similarly, AS-ZnO NPs displayed a weaker inhibitory effect against carbapenem-sensitive P. aeruginosa (CSPA) and carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa (CRPA) strains of PAC023, PAC041 and PAC032, PAC045 under D. Interestingly, the distinct inhibitory effect was recorded against CSPA PAC041 and CRPA PAC032 in which the bacteria growth was inhibited 99.9% at 250, 500 µg/mL under WL. The cytotoxicity results suggested AS-ZnO NPs demonstrated higher toxicity to MCF-7 breast cancer cells than the RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Further, AS-ZnO NPs exhibited higher catalytic potential against tetracycline hydrochloride (TC-H) degradation at 65.6% and 60.8% under WL than the dark at 59.35% and 48.6% within 120 min. Therefore, AS-ZnO NPs can be used to design a photo-improved antimicrobial formulation and environmental catalyst for removing TC-H from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopinath Venkatraman
- Universiti Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical @ Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, India.
| | - Priyadarshini Sakthi Mohan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Maryam Mohammed Mashghan
- Universiti Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kar-Cheng Wong
- Universiti Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Puteri Shafinaz Abdul-Rahman
- Universiti Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kumutha Malar Vellasamy
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abdurahman Hajinur Hirad
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Alarfaj
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shifa Wang
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, 404000, Wanzhou, China
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Wong KC, Jayapalan JJ, Subramanian P, Ismail MN, Abdul-Rahman PS. Label-free quantitative mass spectrometry analysis of the circadian proteome of Drosophila melanogaster lethal giant larvae mutants reveals potential therapeutic effects of melatonin. Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 2023; 113:e22008. [PMID: 36915983 DOI: 10.1002/arch.22008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Mutation in the Drosophila melanogaster lethal giant larvae (lgl), a tumor suppressor gene with a well-established role in cellular polarity, is known to results in massive cellular proliferation and neoplastic outgrowths. Although the tumorigenic properties of lgl mutant have been previously studied, however, little is known about its consequences on the proteome. In this study, mass spectrometry-based label-free quantitative proteomics was employed to investigate the changes in the head and intestinal tissues proteins of Drosophila melanogaster, due to lgl mutation and following treatment with melatonin. Additionally, to uncover the time-influenced variations in the proteome during tumorigenesis and melatonin treatment, the rhythmic expression of proteins was also investigated at 6-h intervals within 24-h clock. Together, the present study has identified 434 proteins of altered expressions (p < 0.05 and fold change ±1.5) in the tissues of flies in response to lgl mutation as well as posttreatment with melatonin. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of differentially expressed proteins revealed that lgl mutation had significantly affected the biological functions, including metabolism, and protein synthesis and degradation, in flies' tissues. Besides, melatonin had beneficially mitigated the deleterious effects of lgl mutation by reversing the alterations in protein expression closer to baseline levels. Further, changes in protein expression in the tissues due to lgl mutation and melatonin treatment were found rhythmically orchestrated. Together, these findings provide novel insight into the pathways involved in lgl-induced tumorigenesis as well as demonstrated the efficacy of melatonin as a potential anticancer agent. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD033191.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kar-Cheng Wong
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jaime J Jayapalan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Universiti Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research (UMCPR), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Perumal Subramanian
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohd Nazri Ismail
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Puteri S Abdul-Rahman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Universiti Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research (UMCPR), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Tong GPY, Hui WF, Wong KC, Fong BST, Luk CW, Li CK. Paediatric high-grade osteosarcoma and its prognostic factors: a 10-year retrospective study. Hong Kong Med J 2022; 28:447-456. [PMID: 36423912 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj209210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This retrospective study was conducted to identify the characteristics of paediatric high-grade osteosarcoma and define its prognostic factors. METHODS We identified paediatric patients (aged <19 years at diagnosis) diagnosed with high-grade osteosarcoma from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2018 in two hospitals in Hong Kong, then retrospectively evaluated their medical records to identify prognostic factors. RESULTS In total, 52 patients were included in this study (22 girls, 42.3%). Femoral tumour was the most common form of osteosarcoma. Most patients (78.8%) had localised disease at diagnosis. The lung was the most common site of metastasis. Almost half (n=23, 46.9%) of the patients showed a good response to chemotherapy (ie, chemonecrosis >90%). Most patients (n=40, 80%) underwent limb-salvage surgery. The event-free survival and overall survival rates were 55.8% and 71.2%, respectively. Prognostic factors independently associated with poor event-free survival and poor overall survival were the presence of metastasis at diagnosis, poor tumour chemonecrosis, and the need for amputation. CONCLUSION This multicentre review of paediatric high-grade osteosarcoma showed that the baseline patient demographics, event-free survival, and overall survival in Hong Kong were similar to previous findings in other countries. Patients with metastatic disease at diagnosis and poor chemonecrosis had worse survival outcomes. Molecular analyses of genetic abnormalities may help to identify targeted therapies in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Y Tong
- Department of Paediatrics, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - W F Hui
- Department of Paediatrics, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - K C Wong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - B S T Fong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - C W Luk
- Department of Paediatrics, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - C K Li
- Department of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Chan CY, Tang MHY, Wong KC, Chong YK, Yeung KY, Mak TWL. Acute poisoning by dexmedetomidine-containing chewing gum in a child. Pathology 2021; 54:666-667. [PMID: 34801281 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2021.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Candace Y Chan
- Hospital Authority Toxicology Reference Laboratory, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong; Chemical Pathology Department, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Magdalene H Y Tang
- Hospital Authority Toxicology Reference Laboratory, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - K C Wong
- Chemical Pathology Department, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Y K Chong
- Hospital Authority Toxicology Reference Laboratory, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong; Chemical Pathology Department, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - K Y Yeung
- Pediatric and Adolescence Medicine Department, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Tony W L Mak
- Hospital Authority Toxicology Reference Laboratory, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong; Chemical Pathology Department, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong.
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Wong KY, Wong KC. Diagnostic dilemma between skull base osteomyelitis and nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a case series. Hong Kong Med J 2021; 27:300-302. [PMID: 34413260 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj208555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K Y Wong
- Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - K C Wong
- Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong
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Wong KC. Application of smartphone electrocardiogram. Med J Malaysia 2021; 76:565. [PMID: 34305119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
No abstract provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Wong
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
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Wong KC, Lai MY, De Silva JR, Cheong FW, Fong MY, Lau YL. Experimental Study on Plasmodium knowlesi Normocyte Binding Protein Xa Region II (PkNBPXaII) for Erythrocyte Binding. Trop Biomed 2021; 38:143-148. [PMID: 34172703 DOI: 10.47665/tb.38.2.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Normocyte binding protein Xa (NBPXa) has been implied to play a significant role in parasite invasion of human erythrocytes. Previous phylogenetic studies have reported the existence of three types of NBPXa for Plasmodium knowlesi (PkNBPXa). PkNBPXa region II (PkNBPXaII) of type 1, type 2 and type 3 were expressed on mammalian cell surface and interacted with human and macaque (Macaca fascicularis) erythrocytes. The binding activities of PkNBPXaII towards human and macaque erythrocytes were evaluated using erythrocyte-binding assay (EBA). Three parameters were evaluated to achieve the optimal protein expression of PkNBPXaII and erythrocyte binding activity in EBA: types of mammalian cells, post transfection time and erythrocyte incubation time. COS-7, HEK-293, and CHO-K1 cells showed successful expression of PkNBPXaII, despite the protein expression is weak compared to the positive control. COS-7 was used in EBA. All three types of PkNBPXaII showed rosette formation with macaque erythrocytes but not with human erythrocytes. Future studies to enhance the PkNBPXaII expression on surface of mammalian cells is indeed needed in order to elucidate the specific role of PkNBPXaII in erythrocytes invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Wong
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M Y Lai
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - J R De Silva
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - F W Cheong
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M Y Fong
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Y L Lau
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Wong KC, Sankaran S, Jayapalan JJ, Subramanian P, Abdul-Rahman PS. Melatonin improves cognitive behavior, oxidative stress, and metabolism in tumor-prone lethal giant larvae mutant of Drosophila melanogaster. Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 2021; 107:e21785. [PMID: 33818826 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mutant lethal giant larvae (lgl) flies (Drosophila melanogaster) are known to develop epithelial tumors with invasive characteristics. The present study has been conducted to investigate the influence of melatonin (0.025 mM) on behavioral responses of lgl mutant flies as well as on biochemical indices (redox homeostasis, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, transaminases, and minerals) in hemolymph, and head and intestinal tissues. Behavioral abnormalities were quantitatively observed in lgl flies but were found normalized among melatonin-treated lgl flies. Significantly decreased levels of lipid peroxidation products and antioxidants involved in redox homeostasis were observed in hemolymph and tissues of lgl flies, but had restored close to normalcy in melatonin-treated flies. Carbohydrates including glucose, trehalose, and glycogen were decreased and increased in the hemolymph and tissues of lgl and melatonin-treated lgl flies, respectively. Key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism showed a significant increment in their levels in lgl mutants but had restored close to wild-type baseline levels in melatonin-treated flies. Variables of lipid metabolism showed significantly inverse levels in hemolymph and tissues of lgl flies, while normalization of most of these variables was observed in melatonin-treated mutants. Lipase, chitinase, transaminases, and alkaline phosphatase showed an increment in their activities and minerals exhibited decrement in lgl flies; reversal of changes was observed under melatonin treatment. The impairment of cognition, disturbance of redox homeostasis and metabolic reprogramming in lgl flies, and restoration of normalcy in all these cellular and behavioral processes indicate that melatonin could act as oncostatic and cytoprotective agents in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kar-Cheng Wong
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Srivani Sankaran
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jaime J Jayapalan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- University of Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research (UMCPR), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Perumal Subramanian
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Puteri S Abdul-Rahman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- University of Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research (UMCPR), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Wong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital Academia, Level 4 20 College Road, Singapore, 169856, Singapore.
| | - J W G Cheok
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital Academia, Level 4 20 College Road, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - K X K Tay
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital Academia, Level 4 20 College Road, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - S B Koh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital Academia, Level 4 20 College Road, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - T S Howe
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital Academia, Level 4 20 College Road, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
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Xu L, Shek KW, Wong KC, Tong KL, Hau MN. Megacolon as the presenting feature of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B: a case report. Hong Kong Med J 2020; 25:483-486. [PMID: 32127501 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj197827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L Xu
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Jordan, Hong Kong
| | - K W Shek
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Jordan, Hong Kong
| | - K C Wong
- Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Jordan, Hong Kong
| | - K L Tong
- Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Jordan, Hong Kong
| | - M N Hau
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Jordan, Hong Kong
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Cheung WP, Wong KC, Mak WS, Kwong CYY, Kan EYL. Medical Pulmonary Diseases That Cause Neonatal Respiratory Distress: A Radiological Pictorial Essay. Hong Kong Journal of Radiology 2020. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr2017051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- WP Cheung
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Kwong Wah Hospital, Yaumatei, Hong Kong
| | - KC Wong
- Department of Radiology, Hong Kong Children’s Hospital, Kowloon Bay, Hong Kong
| | - WS Mak
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Kwong Wah Hospital, Yaumatei, Hong Kong
| | - CYY Kwong
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Kwong Wah Hospital, Yaumatei, Hong Kong
| | - EYL Kan
- Department of Radiology, Hong Kong Children’s Hospital, Kowloon Bay, Hong Kong
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12
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Wong KC. Null Hypothesis Testing (I) - 5% Significance Level. East Asian Arch Psychiatry 2016; 26:112-113. [PMID: 27703100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K C Wong
- Specialist in Psychiatry, Graduate Statistician (Royal Statistical Society), Hong Kong SAR, China
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13
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Chan CH, Cheng KK, Pan NY, Wong KC, Lai HY, Chan HF, Chow HL. Mueller-Weiss Syndrome: an Important but Under-recognised Cause of Foot Pain and Deformity. Hong Kong J Radiol 2016. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr1615337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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14
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Wilkins C, Prasad J, Wong KC, Rychert M, Graydon-Guy T. An exploratory study of the health harms and utilisation of health services of frequent legal high users under the interim regulated legal high market in central Auckland. N Z Med J 2016; 129:51-58. [PMID: 27005874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To explore health problems and the accessing of health services by frequent legal high users under an interim regulated legal market in central Auckland. METHOD Frequent legal high users (monthly+) were recruited from outside eight randomly-selected, licensed, legal high stores in central Auckland from 23 April-7 May, 2014. Eligible participants were emailed a unique invitation to complete an on-line survey; 105 completed the survey. RESULTS Twenty-seven percent had suffered mental illness during their lifetimes. Eighty percent used synthetic cannabinoids (SC), and 20% 'party pills'. Forty-seven percent of SC users used daily or more often. Other drugs used included alcohol (80%), cannabis (59%), 'ecstasy' (18%) and methamphetamine (15%). Fifty-eight percent of SC users were classified as SC dependent. The most common problems reported from SC use were: insomnia (29%); 'vomiting/nausea' (25%); 'short temper/agitation' (21%); 'anxiety' (21%); 'strange thoughts' (16%); and 'heart palpitations' (14%). The health services most commonly accessed by SC users were: a 'doctor/GP' (9%); 'counsellor' (9%); 'DrugHelp/MethHelp' websites (7%); 'Alcohol & Drug Helpline' (4%); 'ambulance' (3%); 'A&E' (3%); and hospitalisation (3%). CONCLUSIONS Frequent use of interim licensed SC products was associated with health problems, including dependency. Further research is required to determine the health risks of these products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Wilkins
- SHORE & Whariki Research Centre, Massey University, PO Box 6137, Wellesley Street, Auckland.
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Abstract
Xanthogranulomatous inflammation is a rare pathological condition most frequently detected in the kidney and gallbladder. Reported herein is a case of xanthogranulomatous inflammation in a 51-year-old male presenting as a mass-forming lesion in the terminal ileum with mucosal ulceration. Diagnostic laparoscopy followed by ileocecectomy was performed due to intra-operative suspicion of carcinoma of appendix. This is a report of the condition involving the terminal ileum with mucosal ulceration and full-thickness involvement of bowel wall which are uncommon features of xanthogranulomatous inflammation in previously reported lower gastro-intestinal tract lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Wong
- Department of Surgery, Caritas Medical Centre, Shamshuipo, Hong Kong
| | - Wilson M S Tsui
- Department of Pathology, Caritas Medical Centre, Shamshuipo, Hong Kong
| | - S J Chang
- Department of Surgery, Caritas Medical Centre, Shamshuipo, Hong Kong
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Wong KC, Kumta SM, Geel NV, Demol J. One-step reconstruction with a 3D-printed, biomechanically evaluated custom implant after complex pelvic tumor resection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 20:14-23. [PMID: 26290317 DOI: 10.3109/10929088.2015.1076039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K C Wong
- a Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology , Prince of Wales Hospital , Shatin , Hong Kong and
| | - S M Kumta
- a Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology , Prince of Wales Hospital , Shatin , Hong Kong and
| | - N V Geel
- b Mobelife NV , Leuven , Belgium
| | - J Demol
- b Mobelife NV , Leuven , Belgium
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Pan NY, Law CY, Tsang WK, Lee KL, Wong KC, Tam KF. Giant Cell Tumour of the Axial Skeleton: Report of Four Cases. Hong Kong J Radiol 2014. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr1411064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Chan KL, Ning Z, Westerdahl D, Wong KC, Sun YW, Hartl A, Wenig MO. Dispersive infrared spectroscopy measurements of atmospheric CO₂ using a Fabry-Pérot interferometer sensor. Sci Total Environ 2014; 472:27-35. [PMID: 24291130 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.10.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present the first dispersive infrared spectroscopic (DIRS) measurement of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) using a new scanning Fabry-Pérot interferometer (FPI) sensor. The sensor measures the optical spectra in the mid infrared (3,900 nm to 5,220 nm) wavelength range with full width half maximum (FWHM) spectral resolution of 78.8 nm at the CO2 absorption band (~4,280 nm) and sampling resolution of 20 nm. The CO2 concentration is determined from the measured optical absorption spectra by fitting it to the CO2 reference spectrum. Interference from other major absorbers in the same wavelength range, e.g., carbon monoxide (CO) and water vapor (H2O), was taken out by including their reference spectra in the fit as well. The detailed descriptions of the instrumental setup, the retrieval procedure, a modeling study for error analysis as well as laboratory validation using standard gas concentrations are presented. An iterative algorithm to account for the non-linear response of the fit function to the absorption cross sections due to the broad instrument function was developed and tested. A modeling study of the retrieval algorithm showed that errors due to instrument noise can be considerably reduced by using the dispersive spectral information in the retrieval. The mean measurement error of the prototype DIRS CO2 measurement for 1 minute averaged data is about ±2.5 ppmv, and down to ± 0.8ppmv for 10 minute averaged data. A field test of atmospheric CO2 measurements were carried out in an urban site in Hong Kong for a month and compared to a commercial non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) CO2 analyzer. 10 minute averaged data shows good agreement between the DIRS and NDIR measurements with Pearson correlation coefficient (R) of 0.99. This new method offers an alternative approach of atmospheric CO2 measurement featuring high accuracy, correction of non-linear absorption and interference of water vapor.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Chan
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Z Ning
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Guy Carpenter Climate Change Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - D Westerdahl
- Ability R&D Energy Research Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - K C Wong
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Y W Sun
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - A Hartl
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - M O Wenig
- Meteorological Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Germany
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Amir F, Wong KC, Eldeen I, Asmawi MZ, Osman H. Evaluation of Biological Activities of Extracts and Chemical Constituents of <i>Mimusops elengi</i>. TROP J PHARM RES 2013. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v12i4.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Woo YH, Wong YC, Kan E, Au-yeung WSA, Yu SMP, Wong KC, Hui YHJ. Multicentre Audit of Paediatric Brain Computed Tomography Dosage in Hong Kong: the Common Mistakes We Make. Hong Kong J Radiol 2013. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr1312129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Parker J, Hsu PL, Mc Intyre M, Wong KC, Egger C, Autschbach R, Schmitz-Rode T, Steinseifer U. Remove the afterload – a new position in the treatment of right ventricular failure. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1332595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
Background: The surgical management of advanced, incurable, malignant disease presents particular ethical and technical challenges. The clear goal is palliation and the surgical futility must be avoided. This case series presents some particular challenges in end-of-life surgery. Materials and Methods: Fifteen patients referred with advanced malignant disease involving a limb girdle were reviewed. Results: In one case, a patient pleaded for surgery after initially requesting a delay to seek treatment from a Chinese Traditional Herbalist. The increase in tumour bulk led to problems with surgery and the patient died in a hospital a few weeks later. This case illustrates ‘futility’ not recognized and encountered. The remaining 14 patients exhibited positive palliation with improved quality of dying and appreciation expressed by patients, relatives and staff. Conclusion: In selected cases, with a skilled and experienced surgical team, patients with advanced malignant disease can still benefit from aggressive surgical palliation. The margin of error is small between palliation being attempted and futility being achieved. This considerably adds to the challenge of end-of-life surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Burd
- Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong
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Chow CS, Hung LK, Chiu CP, Lai KL, Lam LN, Ng ML, Tam KC, Wong KC, Ho PC. IS SYMPTOMATOLOGY USEFUL IN DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME AND CERVICAL SPONDYLOSIS? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 10:1-5. [PMID: 16106494 DOI: 10.1142/s0218810405002425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2004] [Accepted: 01/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hand paraesthesia is a common symptom found in patients either with carpal tunnel syndrome or cervical spondylosis. To differentiate between the two conditions, it is important to identify additional diagnostic symptoms. Ninety-two patients with operated carpal tunnel syndrome and 138 patients with spinal surgery for cervical spondylosis were reviewed. After exclusion of cases co-morbid with both cervical spondylosis and carpal tunnel syndrome or other neurological disorders, 44 patients with carpal tunnel syndrome and 41 patients with cervical spondylosis were compared. There were significant differences in the symptomatology between the two groups. In carpal tunnel syndrome, 84% had nocturnal paraesthesia, 82% hand paraesthesia were aggravated by hand activity, and hand pain occurred in 64%. The incidences were only 10%, 7% and 10%, respectively in cervical spondylosis. Neck pain was present in 76% of cervical spondylosis but only in 14% of carpal tunnel syndrome, and lower limb symptoms were present in 44% of cervical spondylosis and only 9% in carpal tunnel syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Chow
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
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Wong KC, Hamid A, Eldeen IMS, Asmawi MZ, Baharuddin S, Abdillahi HS, Van Staden J. A new sesquiterpenoid from the rhizomes of Homalomena sagittifolia. Nat Prod Res 2011; 26:850-8. [PMID: 21999629 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2010.551770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A new sesquiterpenoid, 1α,4β,7β-eudesmanetriol (1), was isolated together with the known compounds 1β,4β,7β-eudesmanetriol (2) and oplopanone (3) from the rhizomes of Homalomena sagittifolia. The structures of these compounds were determined by extensive spectral analyses. The compounds 1 and 2 inhibited growth of Pseudomonas stutzeri with a MIC value of 117 µM when evaluated for antibacterial activity using the minimum concentration assay. Both these compounds showed remarkable activities against acetylcholinesterase enzyme with IC(50) values ranging between 25 and 26 µM. The isolation of these sesquiterpenoids and their biological activities observed in this study support the reported traditional uses of H. sagittifolia for the treatment of microbial related diseases and central nervous system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Wong
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia.
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Wong KC. Chi squared test versus Fisher's exact test. Hong Kong Med J 2011; 17:427. [PMID: 21979487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
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26
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Yow CMN, Fung K, Wong KC. Photodynamic inactivation of multi-drug resistant pathogens in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Med J 2011; 17 Suppl 2:24-28. [PMID: 21368331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C M N Yow
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Wong KC, Kumta SM, Tse LF, Ng EWK, Lee KS. Navigation Endoscopic Assisted Tumor (NEAT) surgery for benign bone tumors of the extremities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 15:32-9. [PMID: 20433316 DOI: 10.3109/10929081003775881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A novel technique of using both a navigation system and an endoscope in intra-lesional curettage of benign bone tumors enables safe and adequate tumor removal via a minimal access approach. We performed curettage of benign bone tumors in five consecutive patients (4 female, 1 male, mean age 31.4 years) using a commercial CT-based navigation system supplemented by visual guidance through a shoulder arthroscope. The bone defect was filled with bone cement in four patients and with artificial bone substitute in one patient. Mean follow-up time was 8.8 months (range: 7-12 months). Mean duration of surgery was 144 min (range: 120-165 min). Mean wound length of each portal site was 19.5 mm (range: 15-25 mm). All patients could achieve a full range of joint movement and walk unaided at 4 weeks post-surgery. No local recurrence was noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Wong
- Orthopaedic Oncology, CAOS-Lab, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong.
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Abstract
Modern Computer Aided Design/Modeling (CAD/CAM) software allows complex surgical simulations, but it is often difficult to transfer and execute precisely the planned scenarios during actual operations. We describe a new method of integrating CAD/CAM surgical plans directly into a computer surgical navigation system, and demonstrate its use to guide three complex orthopaedic surgical procedures: a periacetabular osteotomy of a dysplastic hip, a corrective osteotomy of a post-traumatic tibial deformity, and a multi-planar resection of a distal femoral tumor followed by reconstruction with a CAD custom prosthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Wong
- Orthopaedic Oncology, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong.
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Wong KC, Haslauer CM, Anantharamaiah N, Pourdeyhimi B, Batchelor AD, Griffis DP. Focused ion beam characterization of bicomponent polymer fibers. Microsc Microanal 2010; 16:282-290. [PMID: 20233498 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927610000115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Previous work has shown that focused ion beam (FIB) nanomachining can be effectively utilized for the cross-sectional analysis of polymers such as core-shell solid microspheres and hollow latex nanospheres. While these studies have clearly demonstrated the precise location selection and nanomachining control provided by the FIB technique, the samples studied consisted of only a single polymer. In this work, FIB is used to investigate bicomponent polymeric fiber systems by taking advantage of the component's differing sputter rates that result from their differing physical properties. An approach for cross sectioning and thus revealing the cross-sectional morphology of the polymeric components in a bicomponent polymeric fiber with the island-in-the-sea (I/S) structure is presented. The two I/S fibers investigated were fabricated using the melt spinning process and are composed of bicomponent combinations of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) and nylon 6 (PA6) or polylactic acid (PLA) and an EastONE proprietary polymer. Topographical contrast as a result of differential sputtering and the high surface specificity and high signal-to-noise obtained using FIB-induced secondary electron imaging is shown to provide a useful approach for the rapid characterization of the cross-sectional morphology of bicomponent polymeric fibers without the necessity of staining or other sample preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Wong
- Analytical Instrumentation Facility, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7531 Room 318 MRC, 2410 Campus Shore Dr., Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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Wong KC. Interpretation of correlation coefficients. Hong Kong Med J 2010; 16:237. [PMID: 20519766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
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Yang JYK, Cheng FWT, Wong KC, Lee V, Leung WK, Shing MMK, Kumta SM, Li CK. Initial presentation and management of osteosarcoma, and its impact on disease outcome. Hong Kong Med J 2009; 15:434-439. [PMID: 19966347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the initial presenting symptoms and management of osteosarcoma in Hong Kong Chinese children, in relation to any possible impact on disease outcomes. DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTING A tertiary referral centre of bone cancer in a university teaching hospital in Hong Kong. PATIENTS All children aged younger than 18 years with a diagnosis of osteosarcoma who received treatment from March 1994 to October 2005. RESULTS A total of 51 children were studied. The median age of onset was 13 (range, 3-20) years; 61% were males. The tumours were located in the distal femur and proximal tibia, which accounted for 45% and 22% of the cases, respectively; 24% of patients had metastatic disease at presentation. Swelling (76%) and pain (90%) were the most common presenting complaints. Approximately one third of the patients had a preceding history of trauma. The median duration of initial symptoms to first medical consultation of any sort was 30 (range, 0-360) days. The median time from the first consultation to a definitive diagnosis was 21 (range, 0-350) days; 25% were diagnosed more than 52 days after presentation. Bonesetters were initially consulted by 37% of these patients. From presentation to diagnosis, the median duration was 61 (range, 4-361) days. Analysis of the duration of pre-diagnosis symptoms did not correlate significantly with the development of metastatic disease, response to chemotherapy, feasibility of limb salvage surgery, relapse rates, or survival rates. CONCLUSIONS In Hong Kong, initial consultation to bonesetters was common. A relatively long delay in between symptom onset and diagnosis of osteosarcoma was encountered. The public and medical practitioners should be made aware of this disease, especially in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Y K Yang
- Department of Paediatrics, Lady Pao Children's Cancer Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong
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Wong KC, Hamid A, Baharuddin S, Quah CK, Fun HK. catena-Poly[[sodium-di-μ-β-d-glucose] chloride]. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2009; 65:m1308-9. [PMID: 21578072 PMCID: PMC2971272 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536809039993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2009] [Accepted: 10/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric unit of the title compound, {[Na(C(6)H(12)O(6))(2)]Cl}(n), contains six glucose mol-ecules, three Na(+) ions and three Cl(-) ions, i.e. three independent {[Na(C(6)H(12)O(6))(2)]Cl} units. Each of these units forms polymeric chains along the c axis. Each Na(+) ion is surrounded by six O atoms from four glucose mol-ecules, forming a distorted octa-hedral geometry. All glucose mol-ecules adopt chair conformations. The constituent units are linked into a three-dimensional framework by O-H⋯Cl and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, utilizing all the O-H groups.
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Firestone RT, Wong KC, Ellison-Loschmann L, Pearce N, Jeffreys M. Characteristics of ovarian cancer in women residing in Aotearoa, New Zealand: 1993-2004. J Epidemiol Community Health 2009; 63:814-9. [PMID: 19574244 DOI: 10.1136/jech.2008.081497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have compared ovarian cancer rates between different ethnic groups in the same country. The aim of this study was to describe ethnic patterns in the incidence and mortality of ovarian cancer in New Zealand, and to investigate ethnic and socioeconomic differences in the grade and stage of ovarian cancer. METHODS Data on all women registered with ovarian cancer on the New Zealand Cancer Registry (1993-2004) were analysed. Population data were taken from the 1996 and 2001 census. Logistic regression was used to estimate associations between ethnicity, deprivation and tumour characteristics. RESULTS Age-standardised incidence rates were highest in Pacific women, intermediate in Māori women, and lowest in non-Māori, non-Pacific women. Age-standardised mortality rates showed the same pattern. Ovarian cancer subtypes differed by ethnic group. There was no significant association between socioeconomic deprivation and tumour grade or stage. Age-adjusted models showed that Māori women were more likely to have well-differentiated tumours and less likely to present at a later stage compared to non-Māori, non-Pacific women. These patterns were partly explained by socioeconomic deprivation, and were not apparent for Pacific women. CONCLUSIONS Pacific and Māori women experience higher incidence of ovarian cancer and mortality, compared to non-Māori, non-Pacific women. Māori women seemed to have better prognostic factors (local stage and well-differentiated tumours) than non-Māori, non-Pacific women. More work is needed to improve current cancer prevention strategies, particularly in Pacific women.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Firestone
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Private Box 756, Wellington, New Zealand.
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Wong KC. In-flight medical emergency: an experience with Singapore Airlines. Singapore Med J 2009; 50:551-552. [PMID: 19495531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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Lam THJ, Yuen KY, Ho PL, Wong KC, Leong WM, Law HKW, Weng XH, Zhang WH, Chen S, Yam WC. Differential fadE28 expression associated with phenotypic virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Microb Pathog 2008; 45:12-7. [PMID: 18486437 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2008.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2007] [Revised: 01/24/2008] [Accepted: 01/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Ability to persist in human macrophages is central to the virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is not invariable among various strains. Differential gene expression that is associated with phenotypic virulence may provide additional information of virulent genes involved in the pathogenesis of M. tuberculosis, which is not fully elucidated. Three hypervirulent strains of M. tuberculosis isolated from patients suffering with tuberculous meningitis were shown to grow more rapidly inside human macrophages in a previous study. In the current investigation, expression of 7 mycobacterial genes (fadE28, mce1A, mymA, acr, sigA, sugC, and Rv3723) of these strains during ex vivo macrophage challenge and in vitro acid shock was quantified by real-time PCR. Using rrs gene as a normalisation gene, fadE28 gene exhibited differential gene expression that is associated with phenotypic virulence, whereas the other 6 genes showed indistinguishable expression patterns. Up-regulation of fadE28 gene in the hypervirulent strains may account for virulence by increasing the efficiency of beta-oxidation, which is important for the persistence in macrophages as M. tuberculosis uses fatty acids preferably inside phagosome of macrophages. The fadE28 gene, together with its adjacent genes may also be critical in the process of lipid modification that could facilitate parasitism in human macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H J Lam
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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Abstract
The use of a navigation system in musculoskeletal tumour surgery enables the integration of pre-operative CT and MRI images to generate a precise three-dimensional anatomical model of the site and the extent of the tumour. We carried out six consecutive resections of musculoskeletal tumour in five patients using an existing commercial computer navigation system. There were three women and two men with a mean age of 41 years (24 to 47). Reconstruction was performed using a tumour prosthesis in three lesions and a vascularised fibular graft in one. No reconstruction was needed in two cases. The mean follow-up was 6.9 months (3.5 to 10). The mean duration of surgery was 28 minutes (13 to 50). Examination of the resected specimens showed clear margins in all the tumour lesions and a resection that was exactly as planned.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Wong
- The Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
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Wong KC, Leong WM, Law HKW, Ip KF, Lam JTH, Yuen KY, Ho PL, Tse WS, Weng XH, Zhang WH, Chen S, Yam WC. Molecular characterization of clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and their association with phenotypic virulence in human macrophages. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2007; 14:1279-84. [PMID: 17715326 PMCID: PMC2168117 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00190-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Among 125 clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis collected in Hong Kong and Shanghai, China, between 2002 and 2004, IS6110 typing revealed that 71 strains (57%) belonged to the Beijing family. The intracellular growth of the strains in human peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages was measured ex vivo on days 0, 3, 6, and 10. Among all tested strains, three hypervirulent strains showed significant increases in intracellular growth after 10 days of incubation. With an initial bacterial load of 10(4) CFU, most of the clinical isolates and H37Ra (an avirulent strain) exhibited no intracellular survival on day 10, while the three hypervirulent strains together with H37Rv (a virulent strain) showed on average a two- to fourfold rise in CFU count. These three hypervirulent strains belonging to a non-Beijing family were isolated from patients suffering from tuberculosis meningitis. Cytokines secreted by gamma interferon-activated macrophages were measured daily after challenge with selected strains of M. tuberculosis. The levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha were elevated after 24 h of infection among all strains, but the levels were significantly lower among the three hypervirulent strains, whereas interleukin 10 (IL-10) and IL-12 were not detected. Results were concordant with the differential expression of the corresponding cytokine genes in activated macrophages, as monitored by real-time PCR. Our findings highlighted that these three hypervirulent strains may possess an innate mechanism for escaping host immunity, which accounts for their characteristic virulence in patients presenting with a more severe form of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Wong
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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Leung YY, Szeto CC, Tam LS, Lam CWK, Li EK, Wong KC, Yu SW, Kun EW. Urine protein-to-creatinine ratio in an untimed urine collection is a reliable measure of proteinuria in lupus nephritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2006; 46:649-52. [PMID: 17065189 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kel360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the accuracy of urine protein-to-creatinine (P/C) ratio in an untimed urine specimen as compared with 24 h total protein excretion for measurement of proteinuria in patients with lupus nephritis. METHODS Proteinuria in patients with lupus nephritis was assessed by 24 h total protein excretion and spot urine P/C ratio. Correlation and limits of agreement between the two methods were evaluated. The discriminant cutoff values for spot urine P/C ratio in predicting 24 h protein 'threshold' excretion of > or =0.3, > or =0.5, > or =1.0 and > or =3.5 g/day were determined using receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS A total of 165 samples were available for assessment with 21.8% excluded due to inadequate collection. A strong correlation (r = 0.91, P < 0.0001) was found between spot urine P/C ratio and 24 h urine protein excretion. Bland-Altman plot showed the two tests had acceptable limits of agreement in low level of protein excretion (-0.86 to +0.92 g/day when protein excretion was <2.0 g/day). The limits became wider as the protein excretion increased. The spot urine P/C ratios of 0.45 (sensitivity 0.92; specificity 0.88), 0.7 (0.92; 0.89) and 1.84 (1.0; 0.86) mg/mg reliably predicted 24 h urine total protein equivalent 'thresholds' at > or =0.5, 1.0 and 3.5 g/day. CONCLUSION This study supports the recommendation of using spot urine P/C ratio in screening and monitoring proteinuria in patients with lupus nephritis. However, in assessing the exact amount of proteinuria, the urine P/C ratio may have unacceptably wide limits of agreement in high protein excretion range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Leung
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Tai Po Hospital, 9 Chuen On Road, Taipo, N.T., Hong Kong SAR.
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Chan YL, Shing KK, Wong KC, Poon WS. Transvenous embolisation of a carotid-trigeminal cavernous fistula. Hong Kong Med J 2006; 12:310-2. [PMID: 16912359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A carotid cavernous fistula is an abnormal communication between the internal carotid artery and the cavernous sinus. Rarely, this communication is associated with a persistent primitive trigeminal artery, with or without a trigeminal artery aneurysm. We report a case of spontaneous carotid-trigeminal cavernous fistula in which the persistent trigeminal artery was shown only on vertebral artery injection. The absence of an associated trigeminal artery aneurysm allowed a transvenous approach for endovascular treatment with coils and complete obliteration of the cavernous fistula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y L Chan
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Organ Imaging, The Chineses University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously proposed an equation derived from Fick's law and Lin's concept of effective blood concentration (EBC) to calculate the mixed venous blood concentration (MVBC) of isoflurane. Desflurane has a lower blood/air partition coefficient than isoflurane and, as such, promotes a faster induction and recovery from anesthesia. In this study, we investigated the application of the MVBC equation to predict the MVBC of desflurane. METHODS We maintained anesthesia with a fixed inspired concentration (CI) of desflurane (10%) during cardiac anesthesia in 11 patients. In order to measure the real concentrations of desflurane in mixed venous blood, pulmonary arterial blood samples were collected at different time points via a Swan-Ganz catheter for gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric determination. The relationship between the calculated concentrations and the actual blood sample concentrations of desflurane in mixed venous blood was investigated. Lin's EBC method was also used and the results were compared with those of MVBC. RESULTS The calculations from our derived MVBC equation and the actual blood concentrations showed a similar kinetic pattern; the concentration levels were approximately the same and correlated well (r = 0.89) during anesthesia. However, the EBC method failed to accurately estimate the actual blood concentrations. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that our equation, but not the EBC method, may be useful for estimating pulmonary blood concentrations of desflurane. The clinical significance and the importance of the method merit further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Ho WM, Hung WT, Wu CC, Shen CH, Yang NC, Hwang KL, Wong KC. Application of MVBC equation to predict mixed venous blood concentrations of sevoflurane in cardiac anaesthesia. Anaesthesia 2005; 60:882-6. [PMID: 16115250 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2005.04280.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have proposed an equation for estimating the real-time mixed venous blood concentration (MVBC) of isoflurane in cardiac anaesthesia. However, information related to the application of our method to sevoflurane is lacking. We studied 12 patients undergoing cardiac surgery and anaesthetised with sevoflurane. At different time points, pulmonary arterial blood samples were collected for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to determine the real mixed venous concentrations of sevoflurane. The inspired and expired concentrations of sevoflurane, measured by a gas monitor, were used for the MVBC calculations. Using Bland-Altman analyses, we found that the calculated MVBCs accurately represent the actual concentrations of sevoflurane in pulmonary arterial blood, as shown by a near-zero percentage bias with a 0.14% precision between the two concentrations. The results demonstrated that our equation could be a useful method for estimating the pulmonary blood concentration of sevoflurane.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-M Ho
- Department of Anaesthesia, Taichung Veterans General Hospital and Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Cheng Y, Wong R, Soo YOY, Wong WS, Lee CK, Ng MHL, Chan P, Wong KC, Leung CB, Cheng G. Use of convalescent plasma therapy in SARS patients in Hong Kong. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2005; 24:44-6. [PMID: 15616839 PMCID: PMC7088355 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-004-1271-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 668] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the efficacy of convalescent plasma therapy in the treatment of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), 80 SARS patients were given convalescent plasma at Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, between 20 March and 26 May 2003. Good outcome was defined as discharge by day 22 following the onset of SARS symptoms. Poor outcome was defined as death or hospitalization beyond 22 days. A higher day-22 discharge rate was observed among patients who were given convalescent plasma before day 14 of illness (58.3% vs 15.6%; P<0.001) and among those who were PCR positive and seronegative for coronavirus at the time of plasma infusion (66.7% vs 20%; P=0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Cheng
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, Hong Kong.
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Wan YM, Wong KC, Ma KH. Endoscopic-guided adenoidectomy using a classic adenoid curette: a simple way to improve adenoidectomy. Hong Kong Med J 2005; 11:42-4. [PMID: 15687515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A total of 13 adenoidectomies using a nasal endoscopic-guided transoral adenoid curette (not yet a published standardised method) were performed to treat snoring. Nasal endoscopy allows easy assessment of the size of the adenoids and improves the accuracy of the adenoidectomy. This technique is particularly useful for paediatric patients who have small oral cavities. The assessment and excision of the adenoids in these cases are often difficult. Using the nasal endoscope, the curette can be accurately inserted at the superior border of the adenoid, allowing the complete transoral removal of the main bulk of the adenoid tissue. All 13 patients showed considerably decreased snoring and improvements in the quality of sleep as reported by the parents and the patients. We believe that nasal endoscopic-guided transoral adenoidectomy is a viable alternative to classic adenoidectomy. This technique also has the advantage of using commonly available simple ear, nose, and throat instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Wan
- ENT Department, Yan Chai Hospital, Tsuen Wan, Hong Kong.
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Abstract
3,4',5-Trihydroxy-3',7-dimethoxyflavanone was isolated from the ligroin extract of the leaves of Blumea balsamifera, while the acetone extract yielded 3',4',5-trihydroxy-7-methoxyflavanone and a new biflavonoid identifed as 3-O-7''-biluteolin (1). The isolation of 1 is significant since a biflavonoid with a C-O-C linkage of the type [I-3-O-II-7] has not been previously reported from a plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M H Ali
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
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Abstract
We propose an equation derived from Fick's laws and Lin's concept of effective blood concentration to calculate the blood concentration of inhaled anesthetics in mixed venous blood (MVBC) without direct blood sampling. We investigated the relationship between the calculated concentrations and the actual blood sample concentrations in mixed venous blood of patients undergoing cardiac surgery during isoflurane anesthesia in this study. Sixteen patients were recruited for Experiment 1. At different time points, pulmonary arterial blood samples were collected for gas chromatography/mass spectrometric determination via the pulmonary artery catheter: these samples represented the actual concentrations. The inspired and expired concentrations of isoflurane measured by a gas monitor were used for the MVBC calculations. Lin's effective blood concentration method was also used, and the obtained results were then compared with MVBC. Studies were conducted on 11 additional patients (Experiment 2) to confirm the results obtained from Experiment 1. The MVBC and the actual blood concentrations showed a similar kinetic pattern and level during anesthesia and had high correlation coefficients within subjects. We have demonstrated that MVBC could represent the actual pulmonary blood concentrations of isoflurane during cardiac surgery. The results suggest that MVBC could be a useful method of estimating the real-time pulmonary blood concentration of isoflurane. The clinical significance and importance of the method merit further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai M Ho
- *Department of Anesthesiology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; †Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; ‡Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; and §Department of Public Health, College of Health Care and Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Yam WC, Tam CM, Leung CC, Tong HL, Chan KH, Leung ETY, Wong KC, Yew WW, Seto WH, Yuen KY, Ho PL. Direct detection of rifampin-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis in respiratory specimens by PCR-DNA sequencing. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42:4438-43. [PMID: 15472290 PMCID: PMC522342 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.42.10.4438-4443.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the feasibility of a molecular strategy based on identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by IS6110 PCR or Cobas Amplicor PCR, and rpoB PCR-DNA sequencing of the 81-bp rifampin resistance determining region (RRDR) for direct detection of rifampin resistance in respiratory specimens. A collection of 2,138 respiratory specimens and 352 nonduplicate M. tuberculosis isolates (including 233 isolates from the evaluated respiratory specimens and an additional collection of 119 stored isolates) from Southern China was investigated. Using culture as the reference test, the overall diagnostic sensitivities of an acid-fast bacillus (AFB) smear, Cobas Amplicor PCR, IS6110 PCR were 54.5% (156 of 286), 86.7% (248 of 286), and 89.2% (255 of 286), respectively. The sensitivities of the rpoB PCR for the specimens with positive AFB smears and with positive PCR results in the IS6110 PCR and/or Cobas Amplicor PCR were 100% (156 of 156) and 92.3% (239 of 259), respectively. Of the 352 nonduplicate M. tuberculosis isolates, the agar proportion method for rifampin reported 39 resistant strains. Full agreement (352 of 352) was found with the agar proportion method and the genotype inferred from the rpoB DNA sequencing data for rifampin. Thirty-nine mutations of nine distinct kinds, eight point mutations, and one deletion within the RRDR were found in the 39 resistant strains. For the direct DNA sequencing performed on rpoB PCR-positive respiratory specimens, the concordance with the agar proportion method and the subsequent PCR-sequencing for the culture isolate was 100%. This strategy has potential application for direct and rapid diagnosis of rifampin-resistant M. tuberculosis in IS6110 PCR or Cobas Amplicor PCR-positive respiratory specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Yam
- Centre of Infection and Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a novel disease. The authors have limited knowledge of its impact on mental health. The present study aimed to examine the level and extent of psychological distress of SARS survivors following 1-month recovery, to explore patients' negative appraisals of the impact of SARS, and to evaluate the associations between psychological distress and negative appraisals. METHOD The Beck Anxiety Inventory, the Beck Depression Inventory, and a newly developed measure, the SARS Impact Scale (SIS), were mailed to 453 Hong Kong Chinese SARS survivors discharged from hospital for 4 weeks or more. RESULTS A total of 425 patients received the questionnaires and 180 (mean age 36.9 years; 120 women) gave valid replies. The response rate was 42.4 %. The participants also represented 13.6 % of all adult survivors in Hong Kong. About 35 % of respondents reported 'moderate to severe' or 'severe' ranges of anxiety and/or depressive symptoms. It was found that those working as healthcare workers or having family members killed by SARS were more prone to develop subsequent high levels of distress. Factor analyses extracted three meaningful factors of the SIS, namely 'survival threat', 'physical impact', and 'social impact'. Negative appraisals at the acute phase and 1-month recovery significantly accounted for substantial portions of variances for anxiety and depressive symptoms, after the effects of other psychosocial variables were controlled. CONCLUSIONS Psychological distress of SARS survivors at 1-month recovery is real and significant. Negative appraisals may play a pivotal role in the development of psychological distress for SARS survivors, at least in the short term.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K W Cheng
- Consultation and Liaison Psychiatry Team, Kwai Chung Hospital, Hong Kong.
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Khoo EM, Teng CL, Wong KC. Are doctors in the university-based primary care clinic more evidence-based? Med J Malaysia 2004; 59:129. [PMID: 15535352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
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Chim CS, Cheung NT, Fung H, Wong KC. Electronic clinical practice guidelines: current status and future prospects in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Med J 2003; 9:299-301. [PMID: 12904621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C S Chim
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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Wong KC, Hung LK, Ho PC, Wong JMW. Carpal tunnel release. A prospective, randomised study of endoscopic versus limited-open methods. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2003; 85:863-8. [PMID: 12931807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Endoscopic carpal tunnel release has the advantage over open release of reduced tissue trauma and postoperative morbidity. Limited open carpal tunnel release has also been shown to have comparable results, but is easier to perform and is safer. We have compared the results of both techniques in a prospective, randomised trial. Thirty patients with bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome had simultaneous bilateral release. The technique of release was randomly allocated to either two-portal endoscopic release (ECTR) or limited open release using the Strickland instrumentation (LOCTR). The results showed that the outcome was similar at follow-up of one year using both techniques. However, the LOCTR group had significantly less tenderness of the scar at the second and fourth postoperative week (p < 0.01). There was also less thenar and hypothenar (pillar) pain after LOCTR. Subjective evaluation showed a preference for LOCTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Wong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, China
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