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Svensson MND, Zoccheddu M, Yang S, Nygaard G, Secchi C, Doody KM, Slowikowski K, Mizoguchi F, Humby F, Hands R, Santelli E, Sacchetti C, Wakabayashi K, Wu DJ, Barback C, Ai R, Wang W, Sims GP, Mydel P, Kasama T, Boyle DL, Galimi F, Vera D, Tremblay ML, Raychaudhuri S, Brenner MB, Firestein GS, Pitzalis C, Ekwall AKH, Stanford SM, Bottini N. Synoviocyte-targeted therapy synergizes with TNF inhibition in arthritis reversal. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaba4353. [PMID: 32637608 PMCID: PMC7319753 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba4353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) are joint-lining cells that promote rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathology. Current disease-modifying antirheumatic agents (DMARDs) operate through systemic immunosuppression. FLS-targeted approaches could potentially be combined with DMARDs to improve control of RA without increasing immunosuppression. Here, we assessed the potential of immunoglobulin-like domains 1 and 2 (Ig1&2), a decoy protein that activates the receptor tyrosine phosphatase sigma (PTPRS) on FLS, for RA therapy. We report that PTPRS expression is enriched in synovial lining RA FLS and that Ig1&2 reduces migration of RA but not osteoarthritis FLS. Administration of an Fc-fusion Ig1&2 attenuated arthritis in mice without affecting innate or adaptive immunity. Furthermore, PTPRS was down-regulated in FLS by tumor necrosis factor (TNF) via a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-mediated pathway, and TNF inhibition enhanced PTPRS expression in arthritic joints. Combination of ineffective doses of TNF inhibitor and Fc-Ig1&2 reversed arthritis in mice, providing an example of synergy between FLS-targeted and immunosuppressive DMARD therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias N. D. Svensson
- Department of Medicine, Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Martina Zoccheddu
- Department of Medicine, Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Shen Yang
- Department of Medicine, Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Gyrid Nygaard
- Department of Medicine, Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Christian Secchi
- Department of Medicine, Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, University of Sassari Medical School, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Karen M. Doody
- Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kamil Slowikowski
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Partners HealthCare Personalized Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Technical Institute and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Bioinformatics and Integrative Genomics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Fumitaka Mizoguchi
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Frances Humby
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, John Vane Science Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Rebecca Hands
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, John Vane Science Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Eugenio Santelli
- Department of Medicine, Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Cristiano Sacchetti
- Department of Medicine, Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kuninobu Wakabayashi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Dennis J. Wu
- Department of Medicine, Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Christopher Barback
- Department of Radiology, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- UCSD Molecular Imaging Program, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Rizi Ai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Gary P. Sims
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Piotr Mydel
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, The Laboratory Building, 5th Floor, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Tsuyoshi Kasama
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - David L. Boyle
- Department of Medicine, Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Francesco Galimi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, University of Sassari Medical School, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - David Vera
- Department of Radiology, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- UCSD Molecular Imaging Program, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Michel L. Tremblay
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Soumya Raychaudhuri
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Partners HealthCare Personalized Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Technical Institute and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Rheumatology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm S-171 76, Sweden
- Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Michael B. Brenner
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gary S. Firestein
- Department of Medicine, Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Costantino Pitzalis
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, John Vane Science Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Anna-Karin H. Ekwall
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stephanie M. Stanford
- Department of Medicine, Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nunzio Bottini
- Department of Medicine, Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Manful CF, Vidal NP, Pham TH, Nadeem M, Wheeler E, Hamilton MC, Doody KM, Thomas RH. Unfiltered beer based marinades reduced exposure to carcinogens and suppressed conjugated fatty acid oxidation in grilled meats. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.107040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Manful CF, Vidal NP, Pham TH, Nadeem M, Wheeler E, Hamilton MC, Doody KM, Thomas RH. Dataset on improved nutritional quality and safety of grilled marinated and unmarinated ruminant meat using novel unfiltered beer-based marinades. Data Brief 2019; 27:104801. [PMID: 31799349 PMCID: PMC6881677 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.104801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective of this data isn brief article is to present the associated data set regarding the revised article entitled “Unfiltered beer based marinades reduced exposure to carcinogens and suppressed conjugated fatty acid oxidation in grilled meats” recommended for publication in Food Control [1]. Grill food safety and quality is a major concern globally. Here in we present data demonstrating the use of novel unfiltered beer based marinades in improving the nutritional quality and safety of grilled ruminant meat. Grilling can lead to the formation of harmful compounds and modify the functional lipids in meats via oxidation, thereby affecting the nutritional quality and safety of the finished product. Lipid oxidation is a deteriorative process involving the degradation of lipid double bonds and the formation of new compounds. Some of these compounds can result in reduced meat quality and off-flavours affecting the sensory, nutritional quality and safety of grilled meat. Unfiltered beers, herbs and spices are known to be excellent sources of antioxidants and polyphenols which can suppress oxidation of functional lipids in grilled meat. Novel unfiltered beer based marinades were developed and used to marinate ruminant meat (beef and moose) prior to grilling. The effect of marination on the fatty acid profile, including saturated, mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, of grilled meat was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). In this data in brief article, we include 3 tables containing the fatty acid composition of unmarinated and marinated grilled ruminant meats (beef and moose), a figure showing the percent distribution of grilled meat fatty acid classes, and 2 figures on Pearson's correlation for the associations between phenolic contents, oxidation status and total conjugated linolenic acid (CLA) content. To the best of our knowledge, there is a paucity of information in the literature on the fatty acid composition of wild Cervid meat following preparation by grilling. Grill food safety and nutritional quality is of significant interest to researchers and consumers in the scientific and general food science communities. This article provides data on the fatty composition of grilled moose meat and could be of value to fill the paucity of information currently available in the scientific community on the observed fatty acid composition of grill moose meat. Furthermore, the article presents data on the effects of beer based marinade formulations on the quality of the fatty acid composition of grilled ruminant meats (beef and moose). The growing awareness of the benefits of dietary fatty acids in enhancing personal and population health by reducing the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative disorders means that consumers demand meat products with improved fatty acid composition [2,3]. Cervids such as moose (Alces alces) are popular as superior sources of low-fat lean meat with balanced omega 6:3 essential fatty acids compared to traditional farm raised or domesticated meat animals due to the forage they consume as a normal part of their diet [2,4,5]. Furthermore, session ale beers is currently a global phenomenon derived from unique combinations of grains, hops, fruits and herbs to produce low alcohol by volume beers with unique flavors popular among consumers. Two unfiltered session beers were used as base ingredients to produce two novel marinades infused with unique combination of antioxidant rich herbs and spices as a suitable system for the production of grilled foods with enhanced nutritional and sensory characteristics. Whilst there are a limited number of studies in the literature that have used unfiltered beers to evaluate the effects of these beers on suppression of lipid oxidation in grilled meat, none to the best of our knowledge has evaluated the effect of antioxidant rich unfiltered beer based marinades on fatty acid composition of grilled meat systems [6] [7]. As such, this data set presents the concept of using craft beers (specifically session ales) infused with unique combination of herbs and spices to produce unfiltered beer base marinades with enhanced ability to improve grill food sensory attributes and quality, and demonstrates that novel formulations of popular unfiltered India session ale and wheat ale based marinades infused with unique combinations of herbs and spices could be used to marinate beef and moose meats prior to grilling to preserve meat lipids including anticarcinogenic linoleic acid and essential ω3 and ω6 fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles F Manful
- School of Science and the Environment/ Boreal Ecosystem Research Initiative, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, A2H 5G4, Canada
| | - Natalia P Vidal
- School of Science and the Environment/ Boreal Ecosystem Research Initiative, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, A2H 5G4, Canada
| | - Thu H Pham
- School of Science and the Environment/ Boreal Ecosystem Research Initiative, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, A2H 5G4, Canada
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- School of Science and the Environment/ Boreal Ecosystem Research Initiative, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, A2H 5G4, Canada
| | - Evan Wheeler
- School of Science and the Environment/ Boreal Ecosystem Research Initiative, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, A2H 5G4, Canada
| | - Melissa C Hamilton
- School of Science and the Environment/ Boreal Ecosystem Research Initiative, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, A2H 5G4, Canada
| | - Karen M Doody
- School of Science and the Environment/ Boreal Ecosystem Research Initiative, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, A2H 5G4, Canada
| | - Raymond H Thomas
- School of Science and the Environment/ Boreal Ecosystem Research Initiative, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, A2H 5G4, Canada
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4
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Bottini A, Wu DJ, Ai R, Le Roux M, Bartok B, Bombardieri M, Doody KM, Zhang V, Sacchetti C, Zoccheddu M, Lonic A, Li X, Boyle DL, Hammaker D, Meng TC, Liu L, Corr M, Stanford SM, Lewis M, Wang W, Firestein GS, Khew-Goodall Y, Pitzalis C, Bottini N. PTPN14 phosphatase and YAP promote TGFβ signalling in rheumatoid synoviocytes. Ann Rheum Dis 2019; 78:600-609. [PMID: 30808624 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-213799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to understand the role of the tyrosine phosphatase PTPN14-which in cancer cells modulates the Hippo pathway by retaining YAP in the cytosol-in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Gene/protein expression levels were measured by quantitative PCR and/or Western blotting. Gene knockdown in RA FLS was achieved using antisense oligonucleotides. The interaction between PTPN14 and YAP was assessed by immunoprecipitation. The cellular localisation of YAP and SMAD3 was examined via immunofluorescence. SMAD reporter studies were carried out in HEK293T cells. The RA FLS/cartilage coimplantation and passive K/BxN models were used to examine the role of YAP in arthritis. RESULTS RA FLS displayed overexpression of PTPN14 when compared with FLS from patients with osteoarthritis (OA). PTPN14 knockdown in RA FLS impaired TGFβ-dependent expression of MMP13 and potentiation of TNF signalling. In RA FLS, PTPN14 formed a complex with YAP. Expression of PTPN14 or nuclear YAP-but not of a non-YAP-interacting PTPN14 mutant-enhanced SMAD reporter activity. YAP promoted TGFβ-dependent SMAD3 nuclear localisation in RA FLS. Differences in epigenetic marks within Hippo pathway genes, including YAP, were found between RA FLS and OA FLS. Inhibition of YAP reduced RA FLS pathogenic behaviour and ameliorated arthritis severity. CONCLUSION In RA FLS, PTPN14 and YAP promote nuclear localisation of SMAD3. YAP enhances a range of RA FLS pathogenic behaviours which, together with epigenetic evidence, points to the Hippo pathway as an important regulator of RA FLS behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Bottini
- Dept. of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dennis J Wu
- Dept. of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Rizi Ai
- Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michelle Le Roux
- Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Beatrix Bartok
- Dept. of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Michele Bombardieri
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Karen M Doody
- Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Vida Zhang
- Dept. of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Cristiano Sacchetti
- Dept. of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Martina Zoccheddu
- Dept. of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ana Lonic
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Xiaochun Li
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - David L Boyle
- Dept. of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Deepa Hammaker
- Dept. of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Tzu-Ching Meng
- Institute for Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lin Liu
- Dept. of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Maripat Corr
- Dept. of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Stephanie M Stanford
- Dept. of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Myles Lewis
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Wei Wang
- Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gary S Firestein
- Dept. of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Yeesim Khew-Goodall
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Costantino Pitzalis
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Nunzio Bottini
- Dept. of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA .,Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Svensson MN, Doody KM, Schmiedel BJ, Bhattacharyya S, Panwar B, Wiede F, Yang S, Santelli E, Wu DJ, Sacchetti C, Gujar R, Seumois G, Kiosses WB, Aubry I, Kim G, Mydel P, Sakaguchi S, Kronenberg M, Tiganis T, Tremblay ML, Ay F, Vijayanand P, Bottini N. Reduced expression of phosphatase PTPN2 promotes pathogenic conversion of Tregs in autoimmunity. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:1193-1210. [PMID: 30620725 DOI: 10.1172/jci123267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variants at the PTPN2 locus, which encodes the tyrosine phosphatase PTPN2, cause reduced gene expression and are linked to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other autoimmune diseases. PTPN2 inhibits signaling through the T cell and cytokine receptors, and loss of PTPN2 promotes T cell expansion and CD4- and CD8-driven autoimmunity. However, it remains unknown whether loss of PTPN2 in FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) plays a role in autoimmunity. Here we aimed to model human autoimmune-predisposing PTPN2 variants, the presence of which results in a partial loss of PTPN2 expression, in mouse models of RA. We identified that reduced expression of Ptpn2 enhanced the severity of autoimmune arthritis in the T cell-dependent SKG mouse model and demonstrated that this phenotype was mediated through a Treg-intrinsic mechanism. Mechanistically, we found that through dephosphorylation of STAT3, PTPN2 inhibits IL-6-driven pathogenic loss of FoxP3 after Tregs have acquired RORγt expression, at a stage when chromatin accessibility for STAT3-targeted IL-17-associated transcription factors is maximized. We conclude that PTPN2 promotes FoxP3 stability in mouse RORγt+ Tregs and that loss of function of PTPN2 in Tregs contributes to the association between PTPN2 and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Nd Svensson
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Division of Cellular Biology, and
| | | | - Benjamin J Schmiedel
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sourya Bhattacharyya
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Bharat Panwar
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Florian Wiede
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shen Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Eugenio Santelli
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Dennis J Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Division of Cellular Biology, and
| | - Cristiano Sacchetti
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Division of Cellular Biology, and
| | - Ravindra Gujar
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Gregory Seumois
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - William B Kiosses
- Core Microscopy, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Isabelle Aubry
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gisen Kim
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Piotr Mydel
- Clinical Science, Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Shimon Sakaguchi
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mitchell Kronenberg
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Tony Tiganis
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, and.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michel L Tremblay
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ferhat Ay
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Pandurangan Vijayanand
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Nunzio Bottini
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Division of Cellular Biology, and
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6
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Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is an immune-mediated disease that primarily affects diarthrodial joints. Susceptibility and severity of this disease are influenced by nongenetic factors, such as environmental stress, suggesting an important role of epigenetic changes. In this review, we summarize the epigenetic changes (DNA methylation, histone modification and miRNA expression) in fibroblast-like synoviocytes, which are the joint-lining mesenchymal cells that play an important role in joint inflammation and damage. We also review the effects of these epigenetic changes on rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis and discuss their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Doody
- Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Nunzio Bottini
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gary S Firestein
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
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7
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Doody KM, Stanford SM, Sacchetti C, Svensson MND, Coles CH, Mitakidis N, Kiosses WB, Bartok B, Fos C, Cory E, Sah RL, Liu-Bryan R, Boyle DL, Arnett HA, Mustelin T, Corr M, Esko JD, Tremblay ML, Firestein GS, Aricescu AR, Bottini N. Targeting phosphatase-dependent proteoglycan switch for rheumatoid arthritis therapy. Sci Transl Med 2016; 7:288ra76. [PMID: 25995222 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaa4616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the availability of several therapies for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) that target the immune system, a large number of RA patients fail to achieve remission. Joint-lining cells, called fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), become activated during RA and mediate joint inflammation and destruction of cartilage and bone. We identify RPTPσ, a transmembrane tyrosine phosphatase, as a therapeutic target for FLS-directed therapy. RPTPσ is reciprocally regulated by interactions with chondroitin sulfate or heparan sulfate containing extracellular proteoglycans in a mechanism called the proteoglycan switch. We show that the proteoglycan switch regulates FLS function. Incubation of FLS with a proteoglycan-binding RPTPσ decoy protein inhibited cell invasiveness and attachment to cartilage by disrupting a constitutive interaction between RPTPσ and the heparan sulfate proteoglycan syndecan-4. RPTPσ mediated the effect of proteoglycans on FLS signaling by regulating the phosphorylation and cytoskeletal localization of ezrin. Furthermore, administration of the RPTPσ decoy protein ameliorated in vivo human FLS invasiveness and arthritis severity in the K/BxN serum transfer model of RA. Our data demonstrate that FLS are regulated by an RPTPσ-dependent proteoglycan switch in vivo, which can be targeted for RA therapy. We envision that therapies targeting the proteoglycan switch or its intracellular pathway in FLS could be effective as a monotherapy or in combination with currently available immune-targeted agents to improve control of disease activity in RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Doody
- Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Stephanie M Stanford
- Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Cristiano Sacchetti
- Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Mattias N D Svensson
- Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Charlotte H Coles
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Nikolaos Mitakidis
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - William B Kiosses
- Core Microscopy, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Beatrix Bartok
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Camille Fos
- Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Esther Cory
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Robert L Sah
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ru Liu-Bryan
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - David L Boyle
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Tomas Mustelin
- Research, MedImmune, AstraZeneca, One Medimmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Maripat Corr
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Esko
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Michel L Tremblay
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada. Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada. Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Gary S Firestein
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - A Radu Aricescu
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Nunzio Bottini
- Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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8
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Abstract
Circadian rhythms mediated by both central and tissue-specific peripheral clocks allow for the synchronization of biological processes with diurnal cycles such as activity and rest. Disruption of these rhythms can be caused by altered sleep-awake patterns or by pathological conditions and can initiate or exacerbate human disease through mechanisms that are only partially understood. In this issue, Dudek et al. identify a chondrocyte-autonomous cartilage clock and demonstrate that expression of an important circadian pacemaker, BMAL1, decreases during osteoarthritis progression. They show that chondrocyte-specific deletion of BMAL1 leads to cartilage degradation and disruption of key pathways, shifting cartilage homeostasis toward a catabolic state. These findings provide insight into the interplay between circadian rhythm and cartilage in osteoarthritis.
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Abstract
The emerging concept of "molecular barcodes" refers to the dynamic combination of post-translational modifications, often of different nature (e.g., phosphorylation and ubiquitination) that gives rise to multiple forms of a protein which can relay distinct signals throughout a cell. In a recent Cell Research paper by Wang et al., the authors report that a PEST domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase, PTPN18, is able to regulate both phosphorylation and ubiquitination of the HER2 oncogene, barcoding HER2 for increased proteasomal degradation rather than for intracellular trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Doody
- Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nunzio Bottini
- Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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10
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Bourdeau A, Trop S, Doody KM, Dumont DJ, Tremblay ML, Tremblayef ML. Inhibition of T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase enhances interleukin-18-dependent hematopoietic stem cell expansion. Stem Cells 2013; 31:293-304. [PMID: 23135963 PMCID: PMC3593175 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The clinical application of hematopoietic progenitor cell-based therapies for the treatment of hematological diseases is hindered by current protocols, which are cumbersome and have limited efficacy to augment the progenitor cell pool. We report that inhibition of T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TC-PTP), an enzyme involved in the regulation of cytokine signaling, through gene knockout results in a ninefold increase in the number of hematopoietic progenitors in murine bone marrow (BM). This effect could be reproduced using a short (48 hours) treatment with a pharmacological inhibitor of TC-PTP in murine BM, as well as in human BM, peripheral blood, and cord blood. We also demonstrate that the ex vivo use of TC-PTP inhibitor only provides a temporary effect on stem cells and did not alter their capacity to reconstitute all hematopoietic components in vivo. We establish that one of the mechanisms whereby inhibition of TC-PTP mediates its effects involves the interleukin-18 (IL-18) signaling pathway, leading to increased production of IL-12 and interferon-gamma by progenitor cells. Together, our results reveal a previously unrecognized role for IL-18 in contributing to the augmentation of the stem cell pool and provide a novel and simple method to rapidly expand progenitor cells from a variety of sources using a pharmacological compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Bourdeau
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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11
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Doody KM, Bussières-Marmen S, Li A, Paquet M, Henderson JE, Tremblay ML. T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase deficiency results in spontaneous synovitis and subchondral bone resorption in mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:752-61. [DOI: 10.1002/art.33399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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12
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Hassan SW, Doody KM, Hardy S, Uetani N, Cournoyer D, Tremblay ML. Increased susceptibility to dextran sulfate sodium induced colitis in the T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase heterozygous mouse. PLoS One 2010; 5:e8868. [PMID: 20111595 PMCID: PMC2810325 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2009] [Accepted: 01/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TC-PTP / PTPN2) is an enzyme that is essential for the proper functioning of the immune system and that participates in the control of cell proliferation, and inflammation. We previously observed that TC-PTP−/− mice display various immunodeficiencies, hypersensitivity to LPS and die within three weeks of birth due to anemia and widespread inflammation. A recent analysis of the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium (WTCC) genome wide scan data, reported in 2007, indicated a potential role for TC-PTP in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). To further investigate the potential role of TC-PTP in IBD, we studied heterozygous TC-PTP mutant mice challenged with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in their drinking water. In comparison to control animals, we observed significant changes in the colon mucosa of DSS-treated TC-PTP+/− mice, in the ratio of colon to body weight, as well as an up-regulation of mRNA transcripts for IL-6, IL-23, 1L-12β, IFN-γ, TNF-α. Moreover, up-regulation of serum IL-6 levels in DSS-treated TC-PTP+/− mice confirms that mice with a single copy of the TC-PTP gene display increased susceptibility to systemic inflammation due to bowel epithelial erosion resulting from DSS challenge. Our findings support the lack of modulation of Janus kinases 1 and 3 (Jak1, Jak3), and the downstream signal transducer and activator of transcription 1,3 and 5 (Stat1, Stat3, Stat 5) by PTPN2 in the development of IBD like condition. Pathological and molecular analysis reveal that the deficiency of TC-PTP results in pro-inflammatory condition in the bowel of heterozygous TC-PTP+/− mice. These novel findings in TC-PTP hemi-deficiency support the hypothesis that TC-PTP is an important regulator of inflammatory cytokine signaling and that it may be implicated in the pathophysiology of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed-Wajahat Hassan
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Karen M. Doody
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Serge Hardy
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Noriko Uetani
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Denis Cournoyer
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Michel L. Tremblay
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- * E-mail:
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13
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Doody KM, Bourdeau A, Tremblay ML. T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase is a key regulator in immune cell signaling: lessons from the knockout mouse model and implications in human disease. Immunol Rev 2009; 228:325-41. [PMID: 19290937 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2008.00743.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The immune system requires for its proper ontogeny, differentiation, and maintenance the function of several tyrosine kinases and adapters that create and modify tyrosine phosphorylation sites. Tyrosine phosphorylation is a crucial protein modification in immune cell signaling and can be reversed by protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). Much progress has been made in identifying and understanding PTP function in the immune system. In this review, we present one of these proteins, named T-cell PTPs (TC-PTP) (gene name PTPN2), a classical, non-receptor PTP that is ubiquitously expressed with particularly high expression in hematopoietic tissues. TC-PTP is remarkable not only by the fact that it appears to influence most, if not all, cells involved in the development of the immune system, from stem cells to differentiated lineages, but also recent findings have positioned it at the core of several human diseases from autoimmune disease to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Doody
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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15
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Bourdeau A, Dubé N, Heinonen KM, Théberge JF, Doody KM, Tremblay ML. TC-PTP-deficient bone marrow stromal cells fail to support normal B lymphopoiesis due to abnormal secretion of interferon-{gamma}. Blood 2007; 109:4220-8. [PMID: 17234741 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-08-044370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TC-PTP) is a negative regulator of the Jak/Stat cytokine signaling pathway. Our study shows that the absence of TC-PTP leads to an early bone marrow B-cell deficiency characterized by hindered transition from the pre-B cell to immature B-cell stage. This phenotype is intrinsic to the B cells but most importantly due to bone marrow stroma abnormalities. We found that bone marrow stromal cells from TC-PTP(-/-) mice have the unique property of secreting 232-890 pg/mL IFN-gamma. These high levels of IFN-gamma result in 2-fold reduction in mitotic index on IL-7 stimulation of TC-PTP(-/-) pre-B cells and lower responsiveness of IL-7 receptor downstream Jak/Stat signaling molecules. Moreover, we noted constitutive phosphorylation of Stat1 in those pre-B cells and demonstrated that this was due to soluble IFN-gamma secreted by TC-PTP(-/-) bone marrow stromal cells. Interestingly, culturing murine early pre-B leukemic cells within a TC-PTP-deficient bone marrow stroma environment leads to a 40% increase in apoptosis in these malignant cells. Our results unraveled a new role for TC-PTP in normal B lymphopoiesis and suggest that modulation of bone marrow microenvironment is a potential therapeutic approach for selected B-cell leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Bourdeau
- McGill Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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16
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Langley M, Marek D, Cieslak J, Masciangelo C, Doody KM, Doody KJ. Successful Day 5 embryo transfer and pregnancies resulting after transport of embryos by air for biopsy and genetic analysis. J Assist Reprod Genet 2001; 18:330-5. [PMID: 11495409 PMCID: PMC3455848 DOI: 10.1023/a:1016624419635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Case studies of four in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles where embryo transport by commercial airline followed by biopsy and genetic analysis with subsequent culture to Day 5 and resulting ongoing pregnancy. METHOD Retrospective clinical case study of 4 patients requiring preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) testing. Normally fertilized embryos were transported in a battery-powered portable incubator by commercial airline following evaluation for fertilization under controlled conditions from the Center for Assisted Reproduction, Bedford, Texas to the Reproductive Genetic Institute, Chicago, Illinois. Following Day 3 embryo biopsy and genetic analysis, embryos were transported back to the Center for Assisted Reproduction for Day 5 embryo transfer. RESULTS Ongoing clinical pregnancy resulted for all patients receiving embryo transfer. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate the feasibility of embryo transport by air for centers that do not have the in-house capabilities to perform genetic analysis. With successful pregnancies obtained through extended culture to Day 5, embryos requiring genetic analysis can be successfully transported by air, tested, and returned to the initial facility for embryo transfer without time restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Langley
- Center for Assisted Reproduction, Bedford, Texas 76022, USA.
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17
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Abstract
In order to evaluate the niche of extended embryo culture in an IVF programme, retrospective analysis of non-selected IVF patients, who underwent ovarian stimulation from April 1998 to June 1999 in a single private practice assisted reproductive technology centre, was performed. Embryos were cultured for 48 h in S1/G1.2 medium followed by 48 to 72 h of culture in S2/G2.2 to day 5 or day 6. Only fertilized oocytes exhibiting two pronuclei from donor and non-donor IVF and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cases were examined to determine the relationship between embryo cell number on day 3 and subsequent rate of blastocyst formation. Results indicated that a proportional relationship existed between the number of blastomeres present in day 3 embryos and the rate of blastocyst formation. Fifty-four per cent of embryos that had six cells on day 3 formed blastocysts, while 76% of those embryos with eight cells formed blastocysts. Blastocyst development did not increase further when embryos had more than eight cells on day 3, indicating that embryos with greater cell numbers on day 3 are not always predictive of a greater likelihood of blastocyst formation. Fertilized oocytes exhibiting two pronuclei from donors produced significantly more blastocysts (67%) than those from IVF patients (52%; P < 0.01), and had a significantly higher implantation rate (54%) compared with IVF patients (30%; P < 0.01). Furthermore, blastocyst cryopreservation resulted in significantly higher implantation rates than cryopreserved cleavage stage embryos (P < 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Langley
- Center for Assisted Reproduction, Bedford, Texas 76022, USA.
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18
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Marek D, Langley M, Gardner DK, Confer N, Doody KM, Doody KJ. Introduction of blastocyst culture and transfer for all patients in an in vitro fertilization program. Fertil Steril 1999; 72:1035-40. [PMID: 10593377 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(99)00409-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the nonselective application of extended embryo culture on the outcome of IVF. DESIGN Retrospective analysis. SETTING Private practice assisted reproductive technology center. PATIENT(S) Seven hundred ninety nonselected patients undergoing IVF with controlled ovarian stimulation. INTERVENTION(S) For day 3 ET, multicell embryos were cultured in human tubal fluid medium and 12% synthetic serum substitute. For day 5 ET, embryos were cultured for 48 hours in S1 medium and then for 48 hours in S2 medium. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Implantation rate (determined by total no. of visualized gestational sacs), ongoing pregnancy rate, and number of embryos available for ET. RESULT(S) Respective day 3 and day 5 implantation rates for patients aged <35 years (29.5% and 38.9%), patients aged 35-39 years (20.7% and 28.2%), and all patients combined (23.3% and 32.4%) were statistically significantly different. Significantly more embryos were transferred on day 3 than on day 5 for patients aged <35 years (2.9 vs. 2.4), patients aged 35-39 years (3.1 vs. 2.6), and all patients combined (3.0 vs. 2.5). The difference in ongoing pregnancy rates per retrieval was statistically significant for day 3 compared with day 5 transfers for all patients combined (35.9% vs. 43.8%). Cancellation rates for transfer after retrieval increased significantly for day 3 compared with day 5 transfer (2.9% vs 6.7%). CONCLUSION(S) These results demonstrate the feasibility of using extended embryo culture in a nonselective manner for couples undergoing IVF. Overall, extended embryo culture was associated with a significant increase in pregnancy rates and implantation rates and a significant decrease in the number of embryos transferred. The rate of multiple implantation among patients aged <35 years warrants consideration of single blastocyst transfers for this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Marek
- Center for Assisted Reproduction, Bedford, Texas 76022, USA.
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19
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Mason JI, Ushijima K, Doody KM, Nagai K, Naville D, Head JR, Milewich L, Rainey WE, Ralph MM. Regulation of expression of the 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases of human placenta and fetal adrenal. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1993; 47:151-9. [PMID: 8274430 DOI: 10.1016/0960-0760(93)90069-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The appropriate expression of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta 5-->4-isomerase (3 beta-HSD) is vital for mammalian reproduction, fetal growth and life maintenance. Several isoforms of 3 beta-HSD, the products of separate genes, have been identified in various species including man. Current investigations are targeted toward defining the processes that regulate the levels of specific isoforms in various steroidogenic tissues of man. High levels of expression of 3 beta-HSD were observed in placental tissues. It has been generally considered that the multinucleated syncytiotrophoblastic cells are the principal sites of 3 beta-HSD expression and, moreover, that 3 beta-HSD expression is intimately associated with cyclic AMP-promoted formation of syncytia. Herein we report the presence of 3 beta-HSD immunoreactive and mRNA species in uninucleate cytotrophoblasts in the chorion laeve, similar to that in syncytia but not cytotrophoblast placenta. In vitro, 3 beta-HSD levels in chorion laeve cytotrophoblasts were not increased with time nor after treatment with adenylate cyclase activators, whereas villous cytotrophoblasts spontaneously demonstrated progressive, increased 3 beta-HSD expression. Moreover, 3 beta-HSD synthesis appeared to precede morphologic syncytial formation. Thus high steroidogenic enzyme expression in placenta is not necessarily closely linked to formation of syncytia. Both Western immunoblot and enzymic activity analyses also indicated that the 3 beta-HSD expressed in these cytotrophoblastic populations was the 3 beta-HSD type I gene product (M(r), 45K) and not 3 beta-HSD type II (M(r), 44K) expressed in fetal testis. In cultures of fetal zone and definitive zone cell of human fetal adrenal, 3 beta-HSD expression was not detected until ACTH was added. ACTH, likely acting in a cyclic AMP-dependent process, induced 3 beta-HSD type II activity and mRNA expression. The higher level of 3 beta-HSD mRNA in definitive zone compared with fetal zone cells was associated with parallel increases in cortisol secretion relative to dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Mason
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235-9051
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20
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Milewich L, Shaw CE, Doody KM, Rainey WE, Mason JI, Carr BR. 3 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in glandular and extraglandular human fetal tissues. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1991; 73:1134-40. [PMID: 1834689 DOI: 10.1210/jcem-73-5-1134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The expression of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta HSD) in steroidogenic tissues is an absolute requirement for mammalian reproduction, fetal growth, and life maintenance. We sought to identify extraglandular tissue sites in the human fetus where 3 beta HSD is expressed. To this effect, we conducted in vitro studies by use of homogenates prepared from second trimester fetal tissues. To facilitate the determination of 3 beta HSD activity, an abbreviated technique was developed that consisted in the use of [3 alpha-3H]dehydroepiandrosterone [( 3 alpha-3H]DHEA) as the substrate and NAD+ as the cofactor. With these reagents, the enzymatic reaction leads to the production of both nonradiolabeled androstenedione and NAD3H in equimolar amounts, and the radioactivity associated with NAD3H is used for quantification of 3 beta HSD activity. The kinetic isotope effect introduced by substitution of tritium for hydrogen at the C-3 alpha position of DHEA, determined with six different tissues, was 2.5 +/- 0.7 (mean +/- SD). The specific activities of the enzyme in peripheral tissues and ovary were relatively low, in the range of 0.03 nmol/mg protein.h for stomach (n = 2) to 0.18 +/- 0.14 nmol/mg protein.h for liver (mean +/- SD; n = 13), while in fetal testis and placenta the specific activities were relatively high, viz. 3.4 +/- 0.7 nmol/mg protein.h (mean +/- SD; n = 4) and 2.8 +/- 1.8 nmol/mg protein.h (mean +/- SD; n = 13), respectively. The findings of this study serve to demonstrate that 3 beta HSD is distributed widely among tissues of the human fetus. Although the enzymatic activity was easily demonstrated in peripheral tissues by the use of radiolabeled DHEA as the substrate, 3 beta HSD protein was not readily detected by Western analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Milewich
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235
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21
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Doody KM, Carr BR. Amenorrhea. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 1990; 17:361-87. [PMID: 2234749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Amenorrhea, the lack of menstruation, is a gynecologic disorder that may arise from a variety of causes. If a logical and orderly schema is followed, the correct diagnosis and appropriate management plan can be formulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Doody
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
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22
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Doody KM, Carr BR, Rainey WE, Byrd W, Murry BA, Strickler RC, Thomas JL, Mason JI. 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/isomerase in the fetal zone and neocortex of the human fetal adrenal gland. Endocrinology 1990; 126:2487-92. [PMID: 2158427 DOI: 10.1210/endo-126-5-2487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The fetal zone of the human fetal adrenal (HFA) gland is established to have decreased 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta 4-5 isomerase (3 beta HSD) activity compared to the neocortex or definitive zone. 3 beta HSD activity, however, can be induced in primary cell culture through treatment with ACTH. Therefore, the HFA with two distinct steroidogenic zones with differences in 3 beta HSD activity as well as the capacity to increase 3 beta HSD activity in response to ACTH provides an excellent model to study the regulation of this enzyme. The presence of 3 beta HSD in the fetal and neocortex zones of the HFA was examined using a polyclonal antibody raised against purified human placental microsomal 3 beta HSD. After homogenates of the fetal and neocortical zones of the HFA were electrophoresed on a sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel and immunoblotted, the presence of the 3 beta HSD protein with a molecular size of 45 kDa could be demonstrated only in the neocortical zone. ACTH treatment (greater than 2 days) of fetal and neocortical zone explant cultures produced increases in cortisol secretion associated with the respective levels of immunodetectable 3 beta HSD protein. Cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate were the respective principal steroid products of neocortical and fetal zone explants. After ACTH treatment, immunodetectable 3 beta HSD was induced to a greater magnitude in the neocortex. These findings provide evidence that the lack of 3 beta HSD activity in the fetal zone, previously considered to be the result of the presence of an endogenous inhibitor, is due to an absence of the protein in this portion of the gland. The lack or minimal expression of 3 beta HSD in the fetal zone of HFA may be due to the action (or lack thereof) of a tissue-specific factor regulating the synthesis of 3 beta HSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Doody
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235
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Doody KM, Murry BA, Mason JI. The use of rat Leydig tumor (R2C) and human hepatoma (HEPG2) cells to evaluate potential inhibitors of rat and human steroid aromatase. J Enzyme Inhib 1990; 4:153-8. [PMID: 1965908 DOI: 10.3109/14756369009040737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The efficacies of 10-propargylestr-4-ene-3,17-dione (PED), 4-hydroxyandrostenedione (4-OHA) and the imidazole broad spectrum antimycotic drugs, econazole, imazalil, miconazole and ketoconazole, to inhibit the steroid aromatase activities of rat Leydig tumor (R2C) cells and human hepatoma (HEPG2) cells have been determined. The analysis of inhibition of steroid aromatase activity of intact cells provided further insight into the potential use of such drugs to block cellular estrogen synthesis. The IC50 values for the inhibition of aromatase activity of R2C cells by econazole, imazalil, miconazole, ketoconazole, 4-OHA and PED were 4, 9, 40, 1100, 11 and 10 nM, respectively. These drugs also inhibited the steroid aromatase activity of HEPG2 cells with corresponding IC50 values of 13, 27, 20, 15000, 2 and 2 nM, respectively; these findings were suggestive that the steroid aromatase of rat has many similarities to the human enzyme in its interaction with putative inhibitory compounds. Importantly, however, ketoconazole inhibited the rat aromatase more effectively than it did the human enzyme, while PED and 4-OHA were less effective inhibitors of the rat enzyme compared to that of human. These findings indicate differences in the potencies of various drugs to inhibit estrogen biosynthesis in human and rat cells. These may relate to differences in the two aromatase systems and/or differences in the stability of the drugs in the human hepatoma and rat Leydig tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Doody
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235
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