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Moreno P, Cordón C, Ramay BM, Grajeda L, Palmer GH, Lopez MR, Morales M, Sosa K, Cerón A, Call DR. Disponibilidad de antibióticos en tiendas de Guatemala. Salud Publica Mex 2021; 63:335-336. [PMID: 34098617 DOI: 10.21149/11992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
No disponible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purificación Moreno
- Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala / Departamento de Química Farmacéutica, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala. Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala.
| | - Celia Cordón
- Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala. Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala.
| | - Brooke M Ramay
- Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala. Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala / Departamento de Química Farmacéutica, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala. Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala / Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University. Pullman, Washington, Estados Unidos.
| | - Laura Grajeda
- Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala. Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala.
| | - Guy H Palmer
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University. Pullman, Washington, Estados Unidos.
| | - Maria Renee Lopez
- Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala. Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala.
| | - Marinees Morales
- Departamento de Química Farmacéutica, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala. Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala.
| | - Karen Sosa
- Departamento de Química Farmacéutica, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala. Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala.
| | - Alejandro Cerón
- Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala. Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala / Department of Anthropology, University of Denver. Denver, Colorado, Estados Unidos.
| | - Douglas R Call
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University. Pullman, Washington, Estados Unidos.
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Moreno P, Cerón A, Sosa K, Morales M, Grajeda LM, Lopez MR, McCraken JP, Cordón-Rosales C, Palmer GH, Call DR, Ramay BM. Availability of over-the-counter antibiotics in Guatemalan corner stores. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239873. [PMID: 32976542 PMCID: PMC7518585 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Widespread availability of antibiotics without prescription potentially facilitates overuse and contributes to selection pressure for antimicrobial resistant bacteria. Prior to this study, anecdotal observations in Guatemala identified corner stores as primary antibiotic dispensaries, where people purchase antibiotics without prescriptions. We carried out a cross sectional study to document the number and types of antibiotics available in corner stores, in four study areas in Guatemala. A total of 443 corner stores were surveyed, of which 295 (67%) sold antibiotics. The most commonly available antibiotics were amoxicillin, found in 246/295 (83%) stores, and tetracycline, found in 195/295 (66%) stores. Over the counter sales result from laissez-faire enforcement of antibiotic dispensing regulations in Guatemala combined with patient demand. This study serves as a baseline to document changes in the availability of antibiotics in informal establishments in light of new pharmacy regulations for antibiotic dispensing, which were adopted after this study was completed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purificación Moreno
- Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Alejandro Cerón
- Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
- Department of Anthropology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, United States of America
| | - Karen Sosa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Marinees Morales
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Laura M. Grajeda
- Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Maria Renee Lopez
- Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - John P. McCraken
- Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Celia Cordón-Rosales
- Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Guy H. Palmer
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - Douglas R. Call
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - Brooke M. Ramay
- Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Sosa K, Oreggioni J, Failache H. Miniaturized saturated absorption spectrometer. Rev Sci Instrum 2020; 91:083101. [PMID: 32872972 DOI: 10.1063/1.5144484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We describe a saturated absorption spectrometer that is robust and compact and requires minimum alignment, which is made possible by using a diffuse probe beam generated by a retro-reflecting film. This concept was studied and implemented in a miniaturized home-built setup that provides the same performance as an optimized table-top setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sosa
- Instituto de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de la República, J. Herrera y Reissig 565, 11300 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - J Oreggioni
- Instituto de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de la República, J. Herrera y Reissig 565, 11300 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - H Failache
- Instituto de Física, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de la República, J. Herrera y Reissig 565, 11300 Montevideo, Uruguay
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Puentes R, Eliopulos N, Pérez R, Franco G, Sosa K, Bianchi P, Furtado A, Hübner S, Esteves P. Isolation and characterization of canine parvovirus type 2c (CPV-2c) from symptomatic puppies. Braz J Microbiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822012000300022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Puentes R, Eliopulos N, Pérez R, Franco G, Sosa K, Bianchi P, Furtado A, Hübner SO, Esteves PA. Isolation and characterization of canine parvovirus type 2C (CPV-2C) from symptomatic puppies. Braz J Microbiol 2012; 43:1005-9. [PMID: 24031919 PMCID: PMC3768885 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838220120003000022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Revised: 08/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is a leading cause of diarrhea in puppies in several parts of the world. In this study CPV-2 was detected and recovered from puppies showing clinical disease from Montevideo, Uruguay. Samples were processed and used to infect CRFK and MDCK cells in order to isolate the virus. Out of twelve, two samples were positive for CPV-2. A genomic region of 583 bp was amplified and the molecular characterization was performed by sequencing, phylogenetic analysis and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP). Two isolated viruses (UY1 and UY2) were CPV-2c-like viruses. The comparison between the cytophatic effect (CPE) of CPV-2 (vaccinal virus) and CPV-2c (isolated virus) on primary canine cells cultures and on CRFK line cells, demonstrated that CPV-2c is less citopathogenic in CRFK than in primary cultures. Our study represents the first report on isolation and characterization of canine parvovirus type 2c (CPV-2c) in cell cultures from South American dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Puentes
- Departamento de Ciencias Microbiológicas, Facultad de Veterinaria , UdelaR, Montevideo , Uruguay
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Sosa K, Mori A, Sisido M, Imanishi Y. Synthesis of polyetherurethanes containing L-serine dipeptide and their use as materials for biomedical films. Biomaterials 1985; 6:312-24. [PMID: 3931715 DOI: 10.1016/0142-9612(85)90087-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Prepolymers, which were produced by the polyaddition reaction of polytetramethylene glycol (PTMG) or polyethylene glycol (PEG) and 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) or hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI), were chain-extended with a linear dipeptide of L-serine (Z-Ser-Ser-OMe) or a cyclic dipeptide of L-serine [c-(Ser)2] to yield novel polyetherurethanes containing dipeptide segments. The relationship between the surface morphology and the biomedical properties of the film of the novel polyetherurethanes was investigated. The surface of PU(PTMG,Z-Ser-Ser-OMe,MDI) film was smooth, but fibrous structures were developed in the bulk of the film with increasing molecular weight of the PTMG segment. The antithrombogenicity of the film containing the low molecular weight PTMG segment was better than that of the usual polyetherurethane film without the dipeptide segments. The partial hydrolysis of the ester groups involved in the dipeptide segment improved the antithrombogenicity. In the surface and the bulk of PU[PTMG,c-(Ser)2,MDI] film, spherulite structures were developed when the molecular weight of the PTMG segment was high, while single crystals with a length of 3-4 microns were produced when the molecular weight of the PTMG segment was low. The antithrombogenicity of the film containing the high molecular weight PTMG segment was better than that of the usual polyetherurethane film without the dipeptide segments. PU(PTMG/PEG,Z-Ser-Ser-OMe,MDI) film and PU[PTMG/PEG,c-(Ser)2,MDI] film were permeated by uraemic toxins. The permeation was accelerated with increasing water content of the film and decreasing molecular weight of the solute. The oxygen permeability of the film of the polyetherurethane containing the linear or cyclic dipeptide segments was greater than that of polyetherurethane film which does not contain the dipeptide segments.
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