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Ratzenböck K, Fischer SM, Slugovc C. Poly(ether)s derived from oxa-Michael polymerization: a comprehensive review. Monatsh Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-023-03049-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
AbstractPoly(ether)s represent an important class of polymers and are typically formed by ring-opening polymerization, Williamson ether synthesis, or self-condensation of alcohols. The oxa-Michael reaction presents another method to form poly(ether)s with additional functional groups in the polymer backbone starting from di- or triols and electron deficient olefins such as acrylates, sulfones, or acrylamides. However, research on oxa-Michael polymerization is still limited. Herein, we outline the principles of the oxa-Michael polymerization and focus on the synthesis and preparation of poly(ether-sulfone)s, poly(ether-ester)s, poly(ether)s, and poly(ether-amide)s. Further, challenges as well as future perspectives of the oxa-Michael polymerization are discussed.
Graphical abstract
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Ratzenböck K, Uher JM, Fischer SM, Edinger D, Schallert V, Žagar E, Pahovnik D, Slugovc C. Exploiting retro oxa-Michael chemistry in polymers. Polym Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py01345b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
One way to obtain recyclable polymeric materials is to include reversible bonds in polymers. Herein, we study the reversibility of the oxa-Michael reaction, explore its scope and limitations in simple...
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Ratzenböck K, Ud Din MM, Fischer SM, Žagar E, Pahovnik D, Boese AD, Rettenwander D, Slugovc C. Water as a monomer: synthesis of an aliphatic polyethersulfone from divinyl sulfone and water. Chem Sci 2022; 13:6920-6928. [PMID: 35774179 PMCID: PMC9200112 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02124b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Using water as a monomer in polymerization reactions presents a unique and exquisite strategy towards more sustainable chemistry. Herein, the feasibility thereof is demonstrated by the introduction of the oxa-Michael polyaddition of water and divinyl sulfone. Upon nucleophilic or base catalysis, the corresponding aliphatic polyethersulfone is obtained in an interfacial polymerization at room temperature in high yield (>97%) within an hour. The polyethersulfone is characterized by relatively high molar mass averages and a dispersity around 2.5. The polymer was tested as a solid polymer electrolyte with lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) as the salt. Free-standing amorphous membranes were prepared by a melt process in a solvent-free manner. The polymer electrolyte containing 15 wt% LiTFSI featured an oxidative stability of up to 5.5 V vs. Li/Li+ at 45 °C and a conductivity of 1.45 × 10−8 S cm−1 at room temperature. This study describes the first example of the polymerization of water as one of two monomers. The obtained polymer allows for a solvent-free preparation of polymer electrolyte membranes exhibiting a high oxidative stability.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Ratzenböck
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Organocatalysis in Polymerization, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Mir Mehraj Ud Din
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem Sælands vei 12, 7034 Trondheim, Norway
- International Christian Doppler Laboratory for Solid-State Batteries, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem Sælands vei 12, 7034 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Susanne M. Fischer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Organocatalysis in Polymerization, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ema Žagar
- National Institute of Chemistry, Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - David Pahovnik
- National Institute of Chemistry, Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - A. Daniel Boese
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28/IV, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Daniel Rettenwander
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem Sælands vei 12, 7034 Trondheim, Norway
- International Christian Doppler Laboratory for Solid-State Batteries, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem Sælands vei 12, 7034 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Christian Slugovc
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Organocatalysis in Polymerization, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Ratzenböck K, Pahovnik D, Slugovc C. Step-growth polymerisation of alkyl acrylates via concomitant oxa-Michael and transesterification reactions. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01271h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
An auto-tandem catalytic approach towards the preparation of poly(ester–ether)s from simple alkyl acrylates and diols is introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Ratzenböck
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Organocatalysis in Polymerization
- A 8010 Graz
- Austria
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials
- Graz University of Technology
| | - David Pahovnik
- National Institute of Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology
- 1000 Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - Christian Slugovc
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Organocatalysis in Polymerization
- A 8010 Graz
- Austria
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials
- Graz University of Technology
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Ratzenböck K. [Analysis of the activities of pediatric nurses in a neonatal intensive care unit--study at the county children's hospital in Linz]. Kinderkrankenschwester 1993; 12:148-9. [PMID: 8481327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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