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Schaper N, Sonntag K. Analysis and Training of Diagnostic Expertise in Complex Technical Domains. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology 2020. [DOI: 10.4324/9781003059707-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Turgut S, Schlachter S, Michel A, Sonntag K. Antecedents of Health-Promoting Leadership and Workload as Moderator. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1548051819848988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study builds on the theory of planned behavior and investigates antecedents of health-promoting leadership behaviors (HPL behaviors): positive health-promoting leadership attitude (HPL attitude) as well as perceived health-promoting leadership norms (perceived HPL norms), and lack of perceived health-promoting leadership behavioral control (perceived HPL behavioral control). Furthermore, based on the conservation of resources theory, these antecedents are conceptualized as personal and job resources with managers’ perceived workload being examined as a moderating boundary condition, suggesting that workload as a job demand facilitates resource loss. A survey was administered to 315 managers. Data were analyzed using hierarchical linear regression analysis and moderation analysis. Results revealed that HPL attitude and perceived HPL norms were positively related to HPL behaviors, whereas a lack of perceived HPL behavioral control was negatively related to HPL behaviors. Furthermore, high workload weakened the relationship between perceived HPL norms and HPL behaviors. Workload did not moderate the relationships between the antecedents HPL attitude and lack of perceived HPL behavioral control, and HPL behaviors. Organizations should offer interventions to foster positive HPL attitude, give managers opportunities for HPL behavioral control, and promote perceived HPL norms. They should acknowledge that high workload may inhibit perceived HPL norms. Intervention approaches with regard to personnel and organizational development for practitioners are discussed. This study contributes to the literature by testing direct antecedents of HPL behaviors. Moreover, this study is the first to test workload as a boundary condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexandra Michel
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Dortmund and Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
Abstract. This study examined daily hindrance and challenge stressors at work (rated after work) for effects on employees’ state negative affect at the beginning of the next workday. Building on the transactional stress model, the authors also examine whether general coping styles impact the relationships. Multilevel analyses show that previous-day hindrance stressors are positively related to next-day state negative affect, whereas previous-day challenge stressors are not significantly related to next-day state negative affect. The study identifies differential effects of problem-focused versus emotion-focused coping styles: High use of emotion-focused coping style increases state negative affect for both challenge and hindrance stressors; a lack of problem-focused coping style strengthens challenge stressors’ positive effect on state negative affect. The results suggest that occupational health can be promoted through specific stress management training and through workplace designs that reduce hindrance stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Turgut
- Universität Heidelberg, Psychologisches Institut
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Rexroth M, Feldmann E, Peters A, Sonntag K. Learning How to Manage the Boundaries Between Life Domains. Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie A&O 2016. [DOI: 10.1026/0932-4089/a000197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. To evaluate the effects of a boundary management intervention on boundary management, recovery experiences, and well-being variables, we conducted a quasi-experimental study using an intervention lasting two consecutive days. The sample consisted of 64 employees of a large international German company; 37 in the experimental group and 27 in the control group. Boundary management, recovery experiences, and well-being outcomes were measured before the intervention and 2 weeks after the intervention. Analyses of covariance revealed an increase in boundary creation and detachment, but, contrary to the hypothesis, a decrease in control during leisure time after the intervention. No effects were found for the well-being variables.
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Turgut S, Michel A, Rothenhöfer LM, Sonntag K. Dispositional resistance to change and emotional exhaustion: moderating effects at the work-unit level. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/1359432x.2016.1157583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Michel A, Turgut S, Hoppe A, Sonntag K. Challenge and threat emotions as antecedents of recovery experiences: findings from a diary study with blue-collar workers. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/1359432x.2015.1128414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Nohe C, Meier LL, Sonntag K, Michel A. The chicken or the egg? A meta-analysis of panel studies of the relationship between work–family conflict and strain. Journal of Applied Psychology 2015; 100:522-36. [DOI: 10.1037/a0038012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Turgut S, Michel A, Sonntag K. Einflussfaktoren emotionaler Erschöpfung und Arbeitszufriedenheit. Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie A&O 2014. [DOI: 10.1026/0932-4089/a000150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Da Gesundheit und Arbeitszufriedenheit von Mitarbeitern durch vielfältige Faktoren auf mehreren inhaltlichen Ebenen (Arbeitsplatz, Individuum, Team, Führung, Organisation) bestimmt werden, bedarf es eines Analyseansatzes, der multiple Zusammenhänge berücksichtigt. In dieser Studie wurde ein arbeitspsychologischer Ansatz in einem deutschen Unternehmen mit 1841 Teilnehmern erprobt. Mithilfe von Strukturgleichungsmodellen wurden Zusammenhänge zwischen Belastungen und Ressourcen unterschiedlicher inhaltlicher Ebenen und emotionaler Erschöpfung sowie Arbeitszufriedenheit überprüft. Die Ergebnisse belegen, dass die Faktoren der untersuchten fünf Ebenen in signifikantem Zusammenhang mit Arbeitszufriedenheit stehen. Darüber hinaus konnte gezeigt werden, dass emotionale Erschöpfung den Zusammenhang zwischen den Belastungen sowie Ressourcen und der Arbeitszufriedenheit partiell mediiert. Die Ergebnisse der Studie verdeutlichen, dass die betriebliche Gesundheitsförderung vielfältige Maßnahmen auf unterschiedlichen Ebenen verfolgen sollte, um emotionale Erschöpfung zu reduzieren und Arbeitszufriedenheit zu erhöhen. Beispiele für Interventionen der unterschiedlichen Ebenen (u. a. ergonomische und psychische Belastungsanalysen, Teamfindungsmaßnahmen) werden diskutiert.
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Peters A, Michel A, Sonntag K. Konflikte zwischen Privat- und Berufsleben bei Führungskräften. Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie A&O 2014. [DOI: 10.1026/0932-4089/a000141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
In Anlehnung an Belastungs- und Ressourcen-Modelle sowie die Person-Environment-Fit-Theorie untersucht die vorliegende Studie die Dreifach-Interaktion von Privatleben-Arbeits-Konflikten (sog. Family-to-Work Conflict; FWC), individueller Präferenz zur Abgrenzung des Privatlebens von der Arbeit (sog. Segmentierung) sowie organisationalen Möglichkeiten zur Segmentierung in ihrer Wirkung auf die Zufriedenheit mit der Vereinbarkeit von Arbeit und Privatleben sowie die emotionale Erschöpfung als abhängige Variablen. Anhand einer Stichprobe von 250 Führungskräften eines internationalen Unternehmens der Automobilindustrie konnte gezeigt werden, dass Führungskräfte bei einem hohen FWC zufriedener mit der Vereinbarkeit von Arbeit und Privatleben und weniger erschöpft sind, wenn ihre hohe Segmentierungspräferenz auf hohe Segmentierungsmöglichkeiten trifft. Ein Mangel an Segmentierungsmöglichkeiten wirkt sich dann positiv auf den Zusammenhang zwischen FWC und emotionaler Erschöpfung aus, wenn dieser mit hohen Segmentierungspräferenzen einhergeht. Basierend auf diesen Ergebnissen wird Organisationen nahegelegt, eine Segmentierung zwischen Privatleben und Arbeit auf organisationaler Ebene unter Berücksichtigung individueller Präferenzen zu stärken.
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Bausch S, Michel A, Sonntag K. How gender influences the effect of age on self-efficacy and training success. International Journal of Training and Development 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/ijtd.12027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Bausch
- Industrial and Organizational Psychology; University of Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Alexandra Michel
- Industrial and Organizational Psychology; University of Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Karlheinz Sonntag
- Industrial and Organizational Psychology; University of Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
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Schraub EM, Turgut S, Clavairoly V, Sonntag K. Emotion regulation as a determinant of recovery experiences and well-being: A day-level study. International Journal of Stress Management 2013. [DOI: 10.1037/a0034483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Molter B, Noefer K, Stegmaier R, Sonntag K. Die Bedeutung von Berufserfahrung für den Zusammenhang zwischen Alter, entwicklungsbezogener Selbstwirksamkeit und Anpassung an organisationale Veränderungen. Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie A&O 2013. [DOI: 10.1026/0932-4089/a000100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Die vorliegende Studie untersucht den Zusammenhang zwischen Alter und adaptiver Leistung und zugrunde liegende Mechanismen. Als bedeutsam für den Zusammenhang werden die Variablen Berufserfahrung sowie das anpassungsrelevante Personmerkmal entwicklungsbezogene Selbstwirksamkeit berücksichtigt. Als adaptive Leistung werden Lernen neuer Technologien, Arbeitsaufgaben und Prozeduren, Umgang mit unsicheren/unvorhersehbaren Arbeitssituationen und interpersonelle Anpassung erfasst. Auf Basis der Theorie der Self-efficacy ( Bandura, 1977 ) wird ein Modell überprüft, bei dem Berufserfahrung den negativen Zusammenhang zwischen Alter und entwicklungsbezogener Selbstwirksamkeit zumindest teilweise mediiert und sich negativ auf adaptive Leistungen auswirkt. 858 Arbeitnehmer zwischen 18 und 65 Jahren aus unterschiedlichen Unternehmen und Branchen nahmen an der Fragebogenstudie teil. Mittels der Berechnung von Strukturgleichungsmodellen können signifikant negative indirekte Effekte von Alter über Berufserfahrung auf entwicklungsbezogene Selbstwirksamkeit nachgewiesen werden. Weiterhin lassen sich signifikant negative indirekte Effekte von Berufserfahrung auf die drei Dimensionen adaptiver Leistung über entwicklungsbezogene Selbstwirksamkeit zeigen.
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Schraub EM, Michel A, Shemla M, Sonntag K. The roles of leader emotion management and team conflict for team members' personal initiative: A multilevel perspective. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/1359432x.2012.728700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Schraub EM, Stegmaier R, Sonntag K. The Effect of Change On Adaptive Performance: Does Expressive Suppression Moderate the Indirect Effect of Strain? Journal of Change Management 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/14697017.2010.514002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Michel A, Stegmaier R, Sonntag K. I Scratch Your Back – You Scratch Mine. Do Procedural Justice and Organizational Identification Matter for Employees' Cooperation During Change? Journal of Change Management 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/14697010903549432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Michaelis B, Stegmaier R, Sonntag K. Affective Commitment to Change and Innovation Implementation Behavior: The Role of Charismatic Leadership and Employees’ Trust in Top Management. Journal of Change Management 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/14697010903360608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Noefer K, Stegmaier R, Molter B, Sonntag K. A Great Many Things to Do and Not a Minute to Spare: Can Feedback From Supervisors Moderate the Relationship Between Skill Variety, Time Pressure, and Employees' Innovative Behavior? Creativity Research Journal 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10400410903297964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
In dieser Studie wurden Zusammenhänge zwischen arbeitseinheitsbezogenen Change-Charakteristika (Valenz, Ausmaß), der Wahrnehmung des Arbeitskontextes (veränderungsspezifische Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit) und Reaktionen wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter (emotionale Erschöpfung, Arbeitszufriedenheit, Kündigungsabsicht) in der Umstellungsphase einer deutschen Hochschule untersucht. 315 Mitarbeiter unterschiedlicher Arbeitseinheiten nahmen an der Befragung teil. Die Ergebnisse der Strukturgleichungsanalysen zeigten einen signifikanten negativen Zusammenhang zwischen Valenz der Veränderung für die Arbeitseinheit und veränderungsspezifischer Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit. Entgegen der Annahme korrelierte das Ausmaß der Veränderung für die Arbeitseinheit nicht mit der veränderungsspezifischen Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit. Emotionale Erschöpfung mediierte sowohl die negative Beziehung zwischen veränderungsspezifischer Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit und Arbeitszufriedenheit als auch die positive Beziehung zwischen veränderungsspezifischer Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit und Kündigungsabsicht.
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Noefer K, Stegmaier R, Molter B, Sonntag K. Entwicklungsbezogene Selbstwirksamkeit als Mediator für den Zusammenhang von Feedback und Ideenimplementierung. Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie A&O 2008. [DOI: 10.1026/0932-4089.52.2.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Technologische und organisationale Veränderungen erfordern verstärkt Ideenimplementierung von Mitarbeitern. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht, welche Rolle Feedback von Vorgesetzten und Kollegen und entwicklungsbezogene Selbstwirksamkeit spielen, damit Mitarbeiter eigene Ideen implementieren. Die Untersuchung wurde als Fragebogenerhebung mit 463 Mitarbeitern (18 – 70 Jahre) branchenübergreifend durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse konnten zeigen, dass Feedback von Vorgesetzten und Kollegen positiv mit der Ideenimplementierung zusammenhängen. Diese positiven Zusammenhänge werden partiell durch die entwicklungsbezogene Selbstwirksamkeit vermittelt. Weitere Analysen zeigten, dass diese Effekte unabhängig vom Alter der Mitarbeiter auftreten.
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Wang YP, Zhao XX, Sonntag K, Wehling P, Snowdon RJ. Behaviour of Sinapis alba chromosomes in a Brassica napus background revealed by genomic in-situ hybridization. Chromosome Res 2005; 13:819-26. [PMID: 16331413 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-005-1017-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2005] [Accepted: 11/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Genomic in-situ hybridization (GISH) was applied to study the behaviour of addition chromosomes in first and second backcross (BC) progenies of hybrids between Brassica napus ssp. napus L. (AACC, 2n = 38) and Sinapis alba L. (SS, 2n = 24) produced by electrofusion. With GISH using genomic DNA of S. alba was used as probe it was possible to clearly distinguish both of the parental genomes and effectively monitor the fate of S. alba chromosomes in the BC(1) and BC(2) progenies. GISH analysis confirmed the sesquidiploid genome composition (AACCS) of the BC(1) progenies, which contained 38 chromosomes from B. napus and 12 chromosomes from S. alba. Genome painting in the pollen mother cells (PMCs) of the BC(1) plants revealed intergenomic association between B. napus and S. alba chromosomes, whereby a maximum of 4 trivalents between AC and S chromosomes were identified at metaphase I. In the BC(2) progenies, aneuploids with different numbers of additional chromosomes from S. alba, ranging from 1 to 7, were confirmed. Three putative monosomic alien addition lines were characterized, and the results are discussed with respect to the potential for intergenomic chromosome recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y P Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, China
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Wang YP, Snowdon RJ, Rudloff E, Wehling P, Friedt W, Sonntag K. Cytogenetic characterization and fae1 gene variation in progenies from asymmetric somatic hybrids between Brassica napus and Crambe abyssinica. Genome 2004; 47:724-31. [PMID: 15284877 DOI: 10.1139/g04-024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sexual progenies of asymmetric somatic hybrids between Brassica napus and Crambe abyssinica were analyzed with respect to chromosomal behavior, fae1 gene introgression, fertility, and fatty-acid composition of the seed. Among 24 progeny plants investigated, 11 plants had 38 chromosomes and were characterized by the occurrence of normal meiosis with 19 bivalents. The other 13 plants had more than 38 chromosomes, constituting a complete chromosomal set from B. napus plus different numbers of additional chromosomes from C. abyssinica. The chromosomes of B. napus and C. abyssinica origin could be clearly discriminated by genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) in mitotic and meiotic cells. Furthermore, meiotic GISH enabled identification of intergenomic chromatin bridges and of asynchrony between the B. napus and C. abyssinca meiotic cycles. Lagging, bridging and late disjunction of univalents derived from C. abyssinica were observed. Analysis of cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers derived from the fae1 gene showed novel patterns different from the B. napus recipient in some hybrid offspring. Most of the progeny plants had a high pollen fertility and seed set, and some contained significantly greater amounts of seed erucic acid than the B. napus parent. This study demonstrates that a part of the C. abyssinica genome can be transferred into B. napus via asymmetric hybridization and maintained in sexual progenies of the hybrids. Furthermore, it confirms that UV irradiation improves the fertility of the hybrid and of its sexual progeny via chromosomal elimination and facilitates the introgression of exotic genetic material into crop species.Key words: asymmetric somatic hybrid, Brassica napus, Crambe abyssinica, cytogenetics, fae1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y P Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P.R. China
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Wang YP, Sonntag K, Rudloff E. Development of rapeseed with high erucic acid content by asymmetric somatic hybridization between Brassica napus and Crambe abyssinica. Theor Appl Genet 2003; 106:1147-1155. [PMID: 12687349 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-002-1176-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2002] [Accepted: 10/15/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
PEG-induced asymmetric somatic hybridization between Brassica napus and Crambe abyssinica was carried out. C. abyssinica is an annual cruciferous oil crop with a high content of erucic acid in the seed oil valuable for technical purposes. UV-irradiated mesophyll protoplasts of C. abyssinica cv 'Carmen' and cv 'Galactica' were fused with hypocotyl protoplasts of different genotypes of B. napus cv 'Maplus' and breeding line '11502'. Shoot regeneration frequency varied between 6.1% and 20.8% among the different doses of UV-irradiation, ranging from 0.05 J/cm(2) to 0.30 J/cm(2). In total, 124 shoots were regenerated, of which 20 asymmetric somatic hybrids were obtained and verified by nuclear DNA content and AFLP analysis. AFLP data showed that some of the characteristic bands from C. abyssinica were present in the hybrids. Cytological analysis of these hybrids showed that 9 out of 20 asymmetric hybrids had 38 chromosomes, the others contained 40-78 chromosomes, having additional chromosomes between 2 and 40 beyond the 38 expected for B. napus. The investigation into the fertility of asymmetric somatic hybrids indicated that the fertility increased with increasing UV-doses ranging from 0.05 J/cm(2) to 0.15 J/cm(2). All of the hybrids were cultured to full maturity, and could be fertilized and set seeds after self-pollination or backcrosses with B. napus. An analysis of fatty acid composition in the seeds was conducted and found to contain significantly greater amounts of erucic acid than B. napus. This study indicates that UV-irradiation could be used as a tool to produce asymmetric somatic hybrids and to promote the fertility of the hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y P Wang
- Federal Centre for Breeding Research on Cultivated Plants, Institute of Agricultural Crops, 18190 Gross Lüsewitz, Germany
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Willingstorfer B, Schaper N, Sonntag K. Mobbingmaße und -faktoren sowie bestehende Zusammenhänge mit sozialen Arbeitsplatzbedingungen. Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie A&O 2002. [DOI: 10.1026//0932-4089.46.3.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Zur Erfassung von Mobbing wurden bislang unterschiedliche Methoden verwendet. Dabei wurde meist die Auftretenshäufigkeit einzelner Mobbinghandlungen erfasst. In Untersuchung I wurden 61 Betroffene zur Häufigkeit, Dauer und Anzahl unterschiedlicher Mobbinghandlungen sowie zur Betroffenheitsstärke durch diese Handlungen befragt. In dieser Studie sollte die Reliabilität und Validität dieser unterschiedlichen Maße zur Bestimmung der Mobbingintensität untersucht werden. Die unterschiedlichen Maße wurden daher in Beziehung gesetzt zu verschiedenen Kriterien: Skala zu sozialen Stressoren, Selbstschätzung der Mobbingbetroffenheit insgesamt und Beanspruchungsreaktionen wie psychosomatische Beschwerden und Belastetheit/Gereiztheit. Es zeigte sich, dass die Häufigkeitsskala der Mobbingitems ein durchaus valides und ökonomisches Maß zur Bestimmung der Mobbingintensitäten darstellt. In Untersuchung II wurden 150 Mitarbeiter eines Dienstleistungsunternehmens mittels Work-Harassment-Scale von Björkqvist und Österman (1992 ) zur Mobbingbetroffenheit, zu sozialen Stressoren, dem Betriebsklima und der Arbeitszufriedenheit befragt. Es wurden unterschiedliche Betroffenengruppen gebildet und miteinander verglichen. In der Untersuchung zeigte sich eine stärkere Betroffenheit der Männer im Vergleich zu den Frauen. Außerdem machten die Mobbingbetroffenen im Vergleich zu den Nicht-Betroffenen negativere Angaben hinsichtlich der Arbeitszufriedenheit, der Einschätzung der Vorgesetzten, Kollegen, der Mitsprache und der Organisation. Beobachter von Mobbingsituationen im Unternehmen wiesen meist eine Zwischenposition in der Beschreibung der Arbeitsbedingungen und insbesondere in der Beschreibung des Führungsverhaltens auf.
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Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Führungskräfte und Mitarbeiter müssen kontinuierliche Anpassungsleistungen in immer kürzeren Zyklen erbringen, individuelle und kollektive Wissensbestände verändern sich, nicht automatisierbare Aufgaben werden komplexer und deren Bewältigung kognitiv anspruchsvoller. Diese Entwicklungen erfordern ein Ressourcenmanagement, das auf ständige Weiterentwicklung der beruflichen Handlungskompetenz ausgerichtet ist. Die Förderung und Entwicklung kompetenter Organisationsmitglieder mit dem Ziel der Wissensvermittlung, Verhaltensmodifikation und Persönlichkeitsentwicklung geschieht auf individueller, gruppenbezogener und organisationaler Ebene in vielfältiger Art und Weise und ist äußerst facettenreich. Eine zukunftsorientierte und wirksame Personalentwicklung ist ohne psychologisches Grundlagen- und Methodenwissen nicht mehr durchführbar. Der Beitrag leistet eine aktuelle Bestandsaufnahme deutscher und angloamerikanischer psychologischer Forschungsarbeiten zur Personalentwicklung. Die State of the Art-Analyse und Diskussion folgt dabei einem Phasenmodell, aufgeteilt nach Analyse, Intervention, Evaluation und Transfer.
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Sonntag K. Psychological approaches to OSH research--an evaluation of 20 years of psychological research on industrial safety and health in Germany. Int J Occup Saf Ergon 2002; 7:561-73. [PMID: 11743914 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2001.11076508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
During the past 20 years of research in occupational safety and health (OSH), major contributions have been made by psychology in general, foremost German work and organizational psychology. This is the result of an empirical study with 216 scientific projects that were analyzed by content, and 32 interviews on OSH with experts on science, as well as in professional occupations and federations. Its sound methodological and theoretical approach has helped work and organizational psychology to embody itself as a driving force of OSH. The research focuses on the development of tools for job analysis, striving for the valid diagnosis of occupational hazards and mental load. Consequently, work and organizational psychology provides a solid foundation for deriving human and personality ameliorating organizational measures. Among the predominant means of intervention are training in coping with stress, behavioral training and modeling, health circles, and the arrangement of environments sensitive to occupational load. Major deficits in the field of research show up within evaluation and transfer as well as within quality control of the developed diagnostic and devices regarding intervention. Future scientific effort by means of application-orientated methods is vital to detect and overcome effectively a mounting mental load in the occupational world.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sonntag
- Institute of Psychology, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Burchert
- University of Potsdam, Institut für Linguistik/Allgeine Sprachwissenschaft, Germany.
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Han J, Lühs W, Sonntag K, Zähringer U, Borchardt DS, Wolter FP, Heinz E, Frentzen M. Functional characterization of beta-ketoacyl-CoA synthase genes from Brassica napus L. Plant Mol Biol 2001; 46:229-39. [PMID: 11442062 DOI: 10.1023/a:1010665121980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Seed-specifically expressed beta-ketoacyl-CoA synthase genes of Brassica napus (Bn-FAE1.1 genes) were cloned from two cultivars, namely Askari, a high-erucic-acid type, and Drakkar, a low-erucic-acid type. The genes from the two cultivars were found to be nearly identical. They encode proteins of 507 amino acids, the sequences of which differ only at position 282. The Bn-FAE1.1 gene of Askari, unlike that of Drakkar, was functionally expressed in yeast cells suggesting that the single amino acid exchange effects the low erucic acid phenotype at the E1 gene locus. In yeast cells the beta-ketoacyl-CoA synthase of Askari elongated not only oleoyl but also palmitoleoyl groups as well as saturated acyl groups in such a way that monounsaturated acyl groups of 22 carbons and saturated ones of 26 carbons were formed as main products. A reporter gene fused to the promoter region of the Bn-FAE1.1 gene from Askari showed seed-specific expression in transgenic rapeseed plants. Over-expression of the coding region of the Askari gene in developing seeds of transgenic Drakkar plants resulted in a significant increase in the levels of eicosenoic acid and erucic acid esterified in the seed oil. On the other hand, in transgenic high-erucic-acid rapeseed plants the increase in erucic acid level was at most 60% although the chimeric Bn-FAE1.1 gene was co-expressed with an erucoyl-CoA-specific lysophosphatidate acyltransferase gene enabling trierucoyl glycerol to accumulate in the seed oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Han
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Allgemeine Botanik, Germany
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Schaper N, Sonntag K, Zink T, Spenke H. Authentizität und kognitive Modellierung als Gestaltungsprinzipien eines Diagnose-CBT 1gefördert durch die DFG (So 224/5-1). Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie A&O 2000. [DOI: 10.1026//0932-4089.44.4.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Gegenstand der Studie ist die Weiterentwicklung und formative Evaluation eines computergestützten hypermedialen Lernprogramms zum Training der Fehlersuche an komplexen Produktionsanlagen. Auf der Basis von Gestaltungsprinzipien des Cognitive Apprenticeship Ansatzes wurde die Authentizität bzw. der Anwendungsbezug der hypermedialen Aufgabenumgebung des Lernprogramms verbessert und Videos zur kognitiven Modellierung für die Vermittlung von effektiven Diagnosestrategien durch Instandhaltungsexperten entwickelt. Anlass dazu waren unbefriedigende Ergebnisse zum Transfer von Diagnosefähigkeiten nach einem Training mit dem vorangegangenen Lernprogramm. In einer formativen Evaluationsuntersuchung zu einem ersten Prototypen des neuen Lernprogramms wurde mit 57 Berufsschülern elektrotechnischer Berufe geprüft, welche Wirkung die kognitive Modellierung auf das diagnostische Problemlöseverhalten hat, wie der Anwendungsbezug der Lernumgebung beurteilt und wie sinnvoll und motivierend das Arbeiten mit dem Lernprogramm erlebt wird.
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Sonntag K. Editorial. Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie A&O 1999. [DOI: 10.1026//0932-4089.43.4.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Abstract
Recently, it has been reported that hypochlorous acid (HOCl), a special product of neutrophil myeloperoxidase, degrades N-acetyl groups of N-acetylglucosamine, chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronic acid, and minced articular cartilage via a transient product to acetate. This work concerns 1H NMR investigations of synovial fluids of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Synovial fluids of patients with severe forms of this disease are characterized by enhanced 1H NMR signals for N-acetyl groups (approximately 2.0 ppm) and acetate (1.90 ppm) and the appearance of a broad but less intense signal at 2.35 ppm. It is likely that this signal corresponds to the transient, chlorinated product of degradation of N-acetyl groups by hypochlorous acid. Moreover, 1H NMR signal intensities of N-acetyl groups and acetate strongly correlate with the myeloperoxidase activities in synovial fluids from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. These results have been confirmed by treatment of native sheep synovial fluid with sodium hypochlorite, resulting in the formation of the same resonances as observed in pathologically changed synovial fluids from humans. Thus, it is concluded that HOCl plays an important role for the cartilage degradation during rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Schiller
- Medical Department, Univerity of Leipzig, Germany
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Sonntag K, Schwinde J, de Graaf AA, Marx A, Eikmanns BJ, Wiechert W, Sahm H. 13C NMR studies of the fluxes in the central metabolism of Corynebacterium glutamicum during growth and overproduction of amino acids in batch cultures. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00169949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Arnhold J, Sonntag K, Sauer H, Häntzschel H, Arnold K. Increased native chemiluminescence in granulocytes isolated from synovial fluid and peripheral blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Biolumin Chemilumin 1994; 9:79-86. [PMID: 8023707 DOI: 10.1002/bio.1170090207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) isolated from peripheral blood and synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and from peripheral blood of volunteers were stimulated with 12-phorbol-13-myristate acetate (PMA). No significant differences in luminol-amplified chemiluminescence were found between different patients and control groups. However, two distinct patterns of native chemiluminescence were observed. Type I showed no, or only a small, increase in native chemiluminescence with integral counts over 30 min less than 3 x 10(5) cpm, and the majority of samples from volunteers were of this type. Type II was characterized by a burst of native chemiluminescence starting 8 to 15 min after cell stimulation. It was found in most PMN samples from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Integral counts over 30 min were always higher than 10(6) cpm and as high as 10(8) cpm in some cases. A strong inhibition of the Type II native chemiluminescence was caused by desferal, catalase, thiourea, and glutathione. However, the luminol-amplified chemiluminescence remained unchanged or was only slightly decreased under the same experimental conditions. Sodium azide strongly inhibited both kinds of luminescence. Hydroxyl radicals, formed in a Fenton reaction, may be important intermediates in the Type II native chemiluminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Arnhold
- Medical Department, University of Leipzig, Germany
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Arnhold J, Mueller S, Arnold K, Sonntag K. Mechanisms of inhibition of chemiluminescence in the oxidation of luminol by sodium hypochlorite. J Biolumin Chemilumin 1993; 8:307-13. [PMID: 8285109 DOI: 10.1002/bio.1170080604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Two different mechanisms of inhibition of chemiluminescence in the oxidation of luminol by sodium hypochlorite were found. Most substances investigated in these experiments acted by scavenging NaOCl. This mechanism was independent of the concentration of hydrogen peroxide and the incubation time between luminol and inhibitors. The most potent inhibitors were substances containing SH groups. Compounds with amino groups as a target for HOCl/OCl- to yield chloramines were much less effective inhibitors. Another mechanism of inhibition was found for catalase. It depended on the presence of hydrogen peroxide in the incubation medium and the incubation time between luminol and catalase. The enzyme inhibited the luminescence by removing H2O2 at molar concentrations much smaller than those found for all other inhibitors. Our results confirm the present models of the mechanism of generation of luminescence in luminal oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Arnhold
- Medical Department, University of Leipzig, Germany
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Sonntag K, Eggeling L, De Graaf AA, Sahm H. Flux partitioning in the split pathway of lysine synthesis in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Quantification by 13C- and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Eur J Biochem 1993; 213:1325-31. [PMID: 8504824 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb17884.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The Gram-positive Corynebacterium glutamicum has the potential to synthesize L-lysine via a split pathway, where amino-ketopimelate is converted to the ultimate lysine precursor diaminopimelate either by reactions involving succinylated intermediates, or by one single reaction catalysed by D-diaminopimelate dehydrogenase. To quantify the flux distribution via both pathways, 13C-enriched glucose was used and specific enrichments in lysine and in pyruvate-derived metabolites were determined by 13C- and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Using a system of linear equations, the contribution of the D-diaminopimelate dehydrogenase pathway was determined to be about 30% for the total lysine synthesized. This was irrespective of whether lysine-accumulating mutants or the wild-type strain were analysed. However, when the distribution was determined at various cultivation times, the flux partitioning over the dehydrogenase pathway in a producing strain decreased from 72% at the beginning to 0% at the end of lysine accumulation. When ammonium sulphate was replaced by the organic nitrogen source glutamate, the ammonium-dependent D-diaminopimelate dehydrogenase pathway did not contribute to total lysine synthesis at all. Additional experiments with varying initial ammonium concentrations showed that in Corynebacterium glutamicum the flux distribution over the two pathways of lysine synthesis is governed by the ammonium availability. This is thus an example where an anabolic pathway is directly influenced by an extracellular medium component, probably via the kinetic characteristics of D-diaminopimelate dehydrogenase.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sonntag
- Institut für Biotechnologie, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany
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Sonntag K. Rezensionen: In: Enzyklopädie der Psychologie D, III, Bd. 1. German Journal of Human Resource Management 1987. [DOI: 10.1177/239700228700100406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sonntag K. Rezensionen: Arbeitspsychologie. Psychische Regulation von Arbeitstätigkeiten. German Journal of Human Resource Management 1987. [DOI: 10.1177/239700228700100306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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