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Domingos-Pereira S, Sathiyanadan K, La Rosa S, Polák L, Chevalier MF, Martel P, Hojeij R, Derré L, Haefliger JA, Jichlinski P, Nardelli-Haefliger D. Intravesical Ty21a Vaccine Promotes Dendritic Cells and T Cell-Mediated Tumor Regression in the MB49 Bladder Cancer Model. Cancer Immunol Res 2019; 7:621-629. [PMID: 30696629 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical data show that intravesical instillation of Ty21a/Vivotif, a commercial vaccine against typhoid fever, is an effective alternative option to standard Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Here, we characterized the inflammatory effects of Ty21a on the bladder and investigated the immune mechanisms underlying tumor regression toward the use of this bacterial vaccine in NMIBC patients. MB49 bladder tumor-bearing mice had significantly improved survival after intravesical instillations of Ty21a doses of 106 to 108 colony-forming units. By IHC and morphology, both BCG and Ty21a instillations were associated with bladder inflammation, which was decreased with the use of low, but effective doses of Ty21a. Flow-cytometry analysis showed a significant infiltration of T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and myeloid cells, compared with controls, after a single dose of Ty21a, whereas this was only observed after multiple doses of BCG. The induced myeloid cells were predominantly neutrophils and Ly6C+CD103+ dendritic cells (DC), the latter being significantly more numerous after instillation of Ty21a than BCG. Ex vivo infection of human leukocytes with Ty21a, but not BCG, similarly significantly increased DC frequency. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, but not NK cells nor neutrophils, were required for effective bladder tumor regression upon Ty21a treatment. Thus, the generation of antitumor adaptive immunity was identified as a key process underlying Ty21a-mediated treatment efficacy. Altogether, these results demonstrate mechanisms behind intravesical Ty21a therapy and suggest its potential as a safe and effective treatment for NMIBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karthik Sathiyanadan
- Department of Urology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stefano La Rosa
- Service of Clinical Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lenka Polák
- Department of Urology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mathieu F Chevalier
- Department of Urology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul Martel
- Department of Urology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rim Hojeij
- Department of Urology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Derré
- Department of Urology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Patrice Jichlinski
- Department of Urology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Ernst D, Murphy SM, Sathiyanadan K, Wei Y, Othman A, Laurá M, Liu YT, Penno A, Blake J, Donaghy M, Houlden H, Reilly MM, Hornemann T. Novel HSAN1 mutation in serine palmitoyltransferase resides at a putative phosphorylation site that is involved in regulating substrate specificity. Neuromolecular Med 2015; 17:47-57. [PMID: 25567748 PMCID: PMC4326654 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-014-8339-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
1-Deoxysphingolipids (1-deoxySL) are atypical sphingolipids that are formed by the enzyme serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) due to a promiscuous use of l-alanine over its canonical substrate l-serine. Several mutations in SPT are associated with the hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type I (HSAN1). The current hypothesis is that these mutations induce a permanent shift in the affinity from l-serine toward l-alanine which results in a pathologically increased 1-deoxySL formation in HSAN1 patients. Also, wild-type SPT forms 1-deoxySL under certain conditions, and elevated levels were found in individuals with the metabolic syndrome and diabetes. However, the molecular mechanisms which control the substrate shift of the wild-type enzyme are not understood. Here, we report a novel SPTLC2–S384F variant in two unrelated HSAN1 families. Affected patients showed elevated plasma 1-deoxySL levels and expression of the S384F mutant in HEK293 cells increased 1-deoxySL formation. Previously, S384 has been reported as one of the two (S384 and Y387) putative phosphorylation sites in SPTLC2. The phosphorylation of wild-type SPTLC2 was confirmed by isoelectric focusing. The impact of an S384 phosphorylation on SPT activity was tested by creating mutants mimicking either a constitutively phosphorylated (S384D, S384E) or non-phosphorylated (S384A, Y387F, Y387F+S384A) protein. The S384D but not the S384E variant was associated with increased 1-deoxySL formation. The other mutations had no influence on activity and substrate affinity. In summary, our data show that S384F is a novel mutation in HSAN1 and that the substrate specificity of wild-type SPT might by dynamically regulated by a phosphorylation at this position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ernst
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sinéad M. Murphy
- Department of Neurology, Adelaide & Meath Hospitals Incorporating the National Children’s Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin 24, Ireland
- Academic Unit of Neurology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | | | - Yu Wei
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alaa Othman
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Competence Center for Systems Physiology and Metabolic Diseases, Zuerich, Switzerland
| | - Matilde Laurá
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Yo-Tsen Liu
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Anke Penno
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Julian Blake
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
| | - Michael Donaghy
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Mary M. Reilly
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Thorsten Hornemann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Sathiyanadan K, Coisne C, Enzmann G, Deutsch U, Engelhardt B. PSGL-1 and E/P-selectins are essential for T-cell rolling in inflamed CNS microvessels but dispensable for initiation of EAE. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:2287-94. [PMID: 24740164 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201344214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
T-cell migration across the blood-brain barrier is a crucial step in the pathogenesis of EAE, an animal model for MS. Live cell imaging studies demonstrated that P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) and its endothelial ligands E- and P-selectin mediate the initial rolling of T cells in brain vessels during EAE. As functional absence of PSGL-1 or E/P-selectins does not result in ameliorated EAE, we speculated that T-cell entry into the spinal cord is independent of PSGL-1 and E/P-selectin. Performing intravital microscopy, we observed the interaction of WT or PSGL-1(-/-) proteolipid protein-specific T cells in inflamed spinal cord microvessels of WT or E/P-selectin(-/-) SJL/J mice during EAE. T-cell rolling but not T-cell capture was completely abrogated in the absence of either PSGL-1 or E- and P-selectin, resulting in a significantly reduced number of T cells able to firmly adhere in the inflamed spinal cord microvessels, but did not lead to reduced T-cell invasion into the CNS parenchyma. Thus, PSGL-1 interaction with E/P-selectin is essential for T-cell rolling in inflamed spinal cord microvessels during EAE. Taken together with previous observations, our findings show that T-cell rolling is not required for successful T-cell entry into the CNS and initiation of EAE.
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