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Sipos Á, Szennyes E, Hajnal NÉ, Kun S, Szabó KE, Uray K, Somsák L, Docsa T, Bokor É. Dual-Target Compounds against Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Proof of Concept for Sodium Dependent Glucose Transporter (SGLT) and Glycogen Phosphorylase (GP) Inhibitors. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14040364. [PMID: 33920838 PMCID: PMC8071193 DOI: 10.3390/ph14040364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A current trend in the quest for new therapies for complex, multifactorial diseases, such as diabetes mellitus (DM), is to find dual or even multi-target inhibitors. In DM, the sodium dependent glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) in the kidneys and the glycogen phosphorylase (GP) in the liver are validated targets. Several (β-D-glucopyranosylaryl)methyl (het)arene type compounds, called gliflozins, are marketed drugs that target SGLT2. For GP, low nanomolar glucose analogue inhibitors exist. The purpose of this study was to identify dual acting compounds which inhibit both SGLTs and GP. To this end, we have extended the structure-activity relationships of SGLT2 and GP inhibitors to scarcely known (C-β-D-glucopyranosylhetaryl)methyl arene type compounds and studied several (C-β-D-glucopyranosylhetaryl)arene type GP inhibitors against SGLT. New compounds, such as 5-arylmethyl-3-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazoles, 5-arylmethyl-2-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazoles, 4-arylmethyl-2-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)pyrimidines and 4(5)-benzyl-2-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)imidazole were prepared by adapting our previous synthetic methods. None of the studied compounds exhibited cytotoxicity and all of them were assayed for their SGLT1 and 2 inhibitory potentials in a SGLT-overexpressing TSA201 cell system. GP inhibition was also determined by known methods. Several newly synthesized (C-β-D-glucopyranosylhetaryl)methyl arene derivatives had low micromolar SGLT2 inhibitory activity; however, none of these compounds inhibited GP. On the other hand, several (C-β-D-glucopyranosylhetaryl)arene type GP inhibitor compounds with low micromolar efficacy against SGLT2 were identified. The best dual inhibitor, 2-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-4(5)-(2-naphthyl)-imidazole, had a Ki of 31 nM for GP and IC50 of 3.5 μM for SGLT2. This first example of an SGLT-GP dual inhibitor can prospectively be developed into even more efficient dual-target compounds with potential applications in future antidiabetic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Sipos
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.S.); (K.U.)
- Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Eszter Szennyes
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary; (E.S.); (N.É.H.); (S.K.); (K.E.S.)
| | - Nikolett Éva Hajnal
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary; (E.S.); (N.É.H.); (S.K.); (K.E.S.)
| | - Sándor Kun
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary; (E.S.); (N.É.H.); (S.K.); (K.E.S.)
| | - Katalin E. Szabó
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary; (E.S.); (N.É.H.); (S.K.); (K.E.S.)
| | - Karen Uray
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.S.); (K.U.)
| | - László Somsák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary; (E.S.); (N.É.H.); (S.K.); (K.E.S.)
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (T.D.); (É.B.); Tel.: +36-525-129-00 (ext. 22348) (L.S.); +36-525-186-00 (ext. 61192) (T.D.); +36-525-129-00 (ext. 22474) (É.B.)
| | - Tibor Docsa
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.S.); (K.U.)
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (T.D.); (É.B.); Tel.: +36-525-129-00 (ext. 22348) (L.S.); +36-525-186-00 (ext. 61192) (T.D.); +36-525-129-00 (ext. 22474) (É.B.)
| | - Éva Bokor
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary; (E.S.); (N.É.H.); (S.K.); (K.E.S.)
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (T.D.); (É.B.); Tel.: +36-525-129-00 (ext. 22348) (L.S.); +36-525-186-00 (ext. 61192) (T.D.); +36-525-129-00 (ext. 22474) (É.B.)
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Szabó KE, Kyriakis E, Psarra AMG, Karra AG, Sipos Á, Docsa T, Stravodimos GA, Katsidou E, Skamnaki VT, Liggri PGV, Zographos SE, Mándi A, Király SB, Kurtán T, Leonidas DD, Somsák L. Glucopyranosylidene-spiro-imidazolinones, a New Ring System: Synthesis and Evaluation as Glycogen Phosphorylase Inhibitors by Enzyme Kinetics and X-ray Crystallography. J Med Chem 2019; 62:6116-6136. [PMID: 31251604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Epimeric series of aryl-substituted glucopyranosylidene-spiro-imidazolinones, an unprecedented new ring system, were synthesized from the corresponding Schiff bases of O-perbenzoylated (gluculopyranosylamine)onamides by intramolecular ring closure of the aldimine moieties with the carboxamide group elicited by N-bromosuccinimide in pyridine. Test compounds were obtained by Zemplén O-debenzoylation. Stereochemistry and ring tautomers of the new compounds were investigated by NMR, time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT)-electronic circular dichroism, and DFT-NMR methods. Kinetic studies with rabbit muscle and human liver glycogen phosphorylases showed that the (R)-imidazolinones were 14-216 times more potent than the (S) epimers. The 2-naphthyl-substituted (R)-imidazolinone was the best inhibitor of the human enzyme (Ki 1.7 μM) and also acted on HepG2 cells (IC50 177 μM). X-ray crystallography revealed that only the (R) epimers bound in the crystal. Their inhibitory efficacy is based on the hydrogen-bonding interactions of the carbonyl oxygen and the NH of the imidazolinone ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin E Szabó
- Department of Organic Chemistry , University of Debrecen , P.O. Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Efthimios Kyriakis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , University of Thessaly, Biopolis , 41500 Larissa , Greece
| | - Anna-Maria G Psarra
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , University of Thessaly, Biopolis , 41500 Larissa , Greece
| | - Aikaterini G Karra
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , University of Thessaly, Biopolis , 41500 Larissa , Greece
| | - Ádám Sipos
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine , University of Debrecen , Egyetem tér 1 , H-4032 Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Tibor Docsa
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine , University of Debrecen , Egyetem tér 1 , H-4032 Debrecen , Hungary
| | - George A Stravodimos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , University of Thessaly, Biopolis , 41500 Larissa , Greece
| | - Elisabeth Katsidou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , University of Thessaly, Biopolis , 41500 Larissa , Greece
| | - Vassiliki T Skamnaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , University of Thessaly, Biopolis , 41500 Larissa , Greece
| | - Panagiota G V Liggri
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , University of Thessaly, Biopolis , 41500 Larissa , Greece.,Institute of Biology, Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Biotechnology , National Hellenic Research Foundation , 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue , 11635 Athens , Greece
| | - Spyros E Zographos
- Institute of Biology, Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Biotechnology , National Hellenic Research Foundation , 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue , 11635 Athens , Greece
| | - Attila Mándi
- Department of Organic Chemistry , University of Debrecen , P.O. Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Sándor Balázs Király
- Department of Organic Chemistry , University of Debrecen , P.O. Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Tibor Kurtán
- Department of Organic Chemistry , University of Debrecen , P.O. Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Demetres D Leonidas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , University of Thessaly, Biopolis , 41500 Larissa , Greece
| | - László Somsák
- Department of Organic Chemistry , University of Debrecen , P.O. Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen , Hungary
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Szabó KE, Kun S, Mándi A, Kurtán T, Somsák L. Glucopyranosylidene-Spiro-Thiazolinones: Synthetic Studies and Determination of Absolute Configuration by TDDFT-ECD Calculations. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101760. [PMID: 29048398 PMCID: PMC6151563 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactions of O-peracylated C-(1-bromo-β-d-glucopyranosyl)formamides with thioamides furnished the corresponding glucopyranosylidene-spiro-thiazolin-4-one. While O-debenzoylations under a variety of conditions resulted in decomposition, during O-deacetylations the addition of MeOH to the thiazolinone moiety was observed, and with EtOH and water similar adducts were isolated or detected. The structure and stereochemistry of the new compounds were established by means of NMR and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data supported by time-dependent density functional theory ECD (TDDFT-ECD) calculations. TDDFT-ECD calculations could efficiently distinguish the proposed epimeric products having different absolute configuration in the spiro heterocyclic ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin E Szabó
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, PO Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Sándor Kun
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, PO Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Attila Mándi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, PO Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Tibor Kurtán
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, PO Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - László Somsák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, PO Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary.
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Bokor É, Kyriakis E, Solovou TGA, Koppány C, Kantsadi AL, Szabó KE, Szakács A, Stravodimos GA, Docsa T, Skamnaki VT, Zographos SE, Gergely P, Leonidas DD, Somsák L. Nanomolar Inhibitors of Glycogen Phosphorylase Based on β-d-Glucosaminyl Heterocycles: A Combined Synthetic, Enzyme Kinetic, and Protein Crystallography Study. J Med Chem 2017; 60:9251-9262. [PMID: 28925695 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Aryl substituted 1-(β-d-glucosaminyl)-1,2,3-triazoles as well as C-β-d-glucosaminyl 1,2,4-triazoles and imidazoles were synthesized and tested as inhibitors against muscle and liver isoforms of glycogen phosphorylase (GP). While the N-β-d-glucosaminyl 1,2,3-triazoles showed weak or no inhibition, the C-β-d-glucosaminyl derivatives had potent activity, and the best inhibitor was the 2-(β-d-glucosaminyl)-4(5)-(2-naphthyl)-imidazole with a Ki value of 143 nM against human liver GPa. An X-ray crystallography study of the rabbit muscle GPb inhibitor complexes revealed structural features of the strong binding and offered an explanation for the differences in inhibitory potency between glucosyl and glucosaminyl derivatives and also for the differences between imidazole and 1,2,4-triazole analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Bokor
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen , POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Efthimios Kyriakis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis , 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Theodora G A Solovou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis , 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Csenge Koppány
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen , POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Anastassia L Kantsadi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis , 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Katalin E Szabó
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen , POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Andrea Szakács
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen , POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - George A Stravodimos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis , 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Tibor Docsa
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen , Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Vassiliki T Skamnaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis , 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Spyros E Zographos
- Institute of Biology, Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation , 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Pál Gergely
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen , Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Demetres D Leonidas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis , 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - László Somsák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen , POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
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Szabó KE, Páhi A, Somsák L. C-Glycosyl 1,2,4-triazoles: Synthesis of the 3-β-d-glucopyranosyl-1,5-disubstituted and 5-β-d-glucopyranosyl-1,3-disubstituted variants. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Szőcs B, Bokor É, Szabó KE, Kiss-Szikszai A, Tóth M, Somsák L. Synthesis of 5-aryl-3-C-glycosyl- and unsymmetrical 3,5-diaryl-1,2,4-triazoles from alkylidene-amidrazones. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra05702g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A general synthetic method was elaborated for 3,5-disubstituted-1,2,4-triazoles with different groups in positions 3 and 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béla Szőcs
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Debrecen
- H-4010 Debrecen
- Hungary
| | - Éva Bokor
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Debrecen
- H-4010 Debrecen
- Hungary
| | - Katalin E. Szabó
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Debrecen
- H-4010 Debrecen
- Hungary
| | | | - Marietta Tóth
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Debrecen
- H-4010 Debrecen
- Hungary
| | - László Somsák
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Debrecen
- H-4010 Debrecen
- Hungary
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Kuki Á, Nagy L, Szabó KE, Antal B, Zsuga M, Kéki S. Activation energies of fragmentations of disaccharides by tandem mass spectrometry. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2014; 25:439-443. [PMID: 24420384 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-013-0793-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A simple multiple collision model for collision induced dissociation (CID) in quadrupole was applied for the estimation of the activation energy (E(o)) of the fragmentation processes for lithiated and trifluoroacetated disaccharides, such as maltose, cellobiose, isomaltose, gentiobiose, and trehalose. The internal energy-dependent rate constants k(E(int)) were calculated using the Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (RRKM) or the Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel (RRK) theory. The E(o) values were estimated by fitting the calculated survival yield (SY) curves to the experimental ones. The calculated E(o) values of the fragmentation processes for lithiated disaccharides were in the range of 1.4-1.7 eV, and were found to increase in the order trehalose < maltose < isomaltose < cellobiose < gentiobiose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ákos Kuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Debrecen, 4010, Debrecen, Hungary
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Kuki Á, Szabó KE, Nagy L, Zsuga M, Kéki S. Rapid identification of disaccharides by tandem mass spectrometry. J Mass Spectrom 2013; 48:1276-1280. [PMID: 24338881 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ákos Kuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Debrecen, H-4032, Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., Hungary
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Szilágyi F, Acs E, Borics G, Halasi-Kovács B, Juhász P, Kiss B, Kovács T, Müller Z, Lakatos G, Padisák J, Pomogyi P, Stenger-Kovács C, Szabó KE, Szalma E, Tóthmérész B. Application of water framework directive in Hungary: development of biological classification systems. Water Sci Technol 2008; 58:2117-25. [PMID: 19092187 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2008.565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The classification according to the Water Framework Directive (WFD) includes numerous challenges in contrast with the previously applied water qualification standards. The most important element of the ecological status, the biological one, is based on five groups of living organisms: phytoplankton, phytobenthon, macrophytes, macro-invertebrates and fish. The results of a three-year research project financed by the Ministry of Environment and Water (MoEW) and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (HAS) are reported in this work. The objective of the project was the elaboration of a proposal for biological classification according to the WFD for the related groups of living organisms. In the course of the project the biological characteristics to be measured were selected for each of the above listed groups which served as the basic data for Biological Quality Elements (BQEs). In the BQEs we estimated the type-specific reference values for most of the Hungarian surface water types. Then we created the structure of the qualification system for these groups, including specification of class boundaries between the five classes for the Environmental Quality Ratio (EQR) values on the basis of expert estimation. A Non-Taxonomic Periphyton Index (NTPI, not included in the WFD) was also developed and tested for qualification. The elaborated classification systems were tested on the basis of existing scarce data for numerous Hungarian water types.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Szilágyi
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Muegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111, Budapest, Hungary.
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