1
|
Abstract
Cranial neural crest cells (cNCCs) originate in the anterior neural tube and populate pharyngeal arches in which they contribute to formation of bone and cartilage. This cell population also provides molecular signals for the development of tissues of non-neural crest origin, such as the tongue muscles, teeth enamel or gland epithelium. Here we show that the transcription factor Meis2 is expressed in the oral region of the first pharyngeal arch (PA1) and later in the tongue primordium. Conditional inactivation of Meis2 in cNCCs resulted in loss of Sonic hedgehog signalling in the oropharyngeal epithelium and impaired patterning of PA1 along the lateral-medial and oral-aboral axis. Failure of molecular specification of PA1, illustrated by altered expression of Hand1/2, Dlx5, Barx1, Gsc and other markers, led to hypoplastic tongue and ectopic ossification of the mandible. Meis2-mutant mice thus display craniofacial defects that are reminiscent of several human syndromes and patients with mutations in the Meis2 gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Fabik
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Praha, Czech Republic.,Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Katarina Kovacova
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Kozmik
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Machon
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Praha, Czech Republic .,Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Praha, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Klinkhammer BM, Kramann R, Mallau M, Makowska A, van Roeyen CR, Rong S, Buecher EB, Boor P, Kovacova K, Zok S, Denecke B, Stuettgen E, Otten S, Floege J, Kunter U. Mesenchymal stem cells from rats with chronic kidney disease exhibit premature senescence and loss of regenerative potential. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92115. [PMID: 24667162 PMCID: PMC3965415 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation has the potential for organ repair. Nevertheless, some factors might lessen the regenerative potential of MSCs, e.g. donor age or systemic disease. It is thus important to carefully assess the patient's suitability for autologous MSC transplantation. Here we investigated the effects of chronic kidney disease (CKD) on MSC function. We isolated bone marrow MSCs from remnant kidney rats (RK) with CKD (CKD-RK-MSC) and found signs of premature senescence: spontaneous adipogenesis, reduced proliferation capacity, active senescence-associated-β-galactosidase, accumulation of actin and a modulated secretion profile. The functionality of CKD-RK-MSCs in vivo was tested in rats with acute anti-Thy1.1-nephritis, where healthy MSCs have been shown to be beneficial. Rats received healthy MSCs, CKD-RK-MSC or medium by injection into the left renal artery. Kidneys receiving healthy MSCs exhibited accelerated healing of glomerular lesions, whereas CKD-RK-MSC or medium exerted no benefit. The negative influence of advanced CKD/uremia on MSCs was confirmed in a second model of CKD, adenine nephropathy (AD). MSCs from rats with adenine nephropathy (CKD-AD-MSC) also exhibited cellular modifications and functional deficits in vivo. We conclude that CKD leads to a sustained loss of in vitro and in vivo functionality in MSCs, possibly due to premature cellular senescence. Considering autologous MSC therapy in human renal disease, studies identifying uremia-associated mechanisms that account for altered MSC function are urgently needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael Kramann
- Division of Nephrology and Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Monika Mallau
- Division of Nephrology and Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anna Makowska
- Division of Nephrology and Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Song Rong
- Division of Nephrology and Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Eva Bettina Buecher
- Division of Nephrology and Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Boor
- Division of Nephrology and Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Kovacova
- Division of Nephrology and Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Zok
- Division of Nephrology and Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Bernd Denecke
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Esther Stuettgen
- Division of Nephrology and Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Simon Otten
- Division of Nephrology and Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Juergen Floege
- Division of Nephrology and Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Uta Kunter
- Division of Nephrology and Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|